Juvenile chemical sediments and the long term persistence of water at the surface of Mars

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 286, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 379-386

  Tosca, Nicholas J ^a   Knoll, Andrew H ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

clay; life; Mars; silica; sulfate; water

Indexed keywords

AMORPHOUS SILICA; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; CHEMICAL SEDIMENT; DIAGENETICS; EARLY EARTH; INTEGRATED EFFECTS; LIFE; LIQUID WATER; LONG TERM; MARS; MARTIAN SURFACE; NON-DETECTION; PLANETARY EVENTS; PRESENCE OF WATER; ROLE OF WATER; SIMILAR MATERIAL; SMECTITE CLAYS; SULFATE; SURFACE OF MARS; THERMAL HISTORY; TIME-SCALES;

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CLAY MINERALS; HYDRATES; MINERALS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SILICA; SURFACES; VOLCANIC ROCKS;

SULFATE MINERALS;

CLAY; DIAGENESIS; GEOCHEMISTRY; MARS; PLANETARY SURFACE; SILICA; SULFATE; TERRESTRIAL DEPOSIT; WATER;

HESPERIA;

EID: 70249129702     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.004     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Aines R.D., Kirby S.H., et al. Hydrogen speciation in synthetic quartz. Phys. Chem. Miner. 11 (1984) 204-212
2. Altaner S.P., and Ylagan R.F. Comparison of structural models of mixed-layer illite/smectite and reaction mechanisms of smectite illitization. Clays Clay Miner. 45 4 (1997) 517-533
3. Bandfield J.L. Extended surface exposures of granitoid compositions in Syrtis Major, Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 6 (2006) L06203
4. Bandfield J.L. High-silica deposits of an aqueous origin in western Hellas Basin, Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L12205 (2008) 10.1029/2008GL033807
5. Bandfield J.L., and Rogers A.D. Olivine dissolution by acidic fluids in Argyre Planitia, Mars: evidence for a widespread process?. Geology 36 7 (2008) 579
6. Barnhart C.J., Howard A.D., et al. Long-term precipitation and late-stage valley network formation: landform simulations of Parana Basin, Mars. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 114 E01003 (2009) 10.1029/2008JE003122
7. Barshad I. The effect of a variation in precipitation on the nature of clay mineral formation in soils from acid and basic igneous rocks. International Clay Conference, Jerusalem (1966)
8. Bates T.F. Halloysite and gibbsite formation in Hawaii. Clays Clay Miner. 9 (1960) 315-328
9. Bethke C.M., and Altaner S.P. Layer-by-layer mechanism of smectite illitization and application to a new rate law. Clays Clay Miner. 34 2 (1986) 136-145
10. Botz R., and Bohrmann G. Low-temperature opal-CT precipitation in Antarctic deep-sea sediments: evidence from oxygen isotopes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 107 (1991) 612-617
11. Carr M.H. The Surface of Mars (2007), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
12. Casey W.H., Lasaga A.C., et al. Mechanisms of silica dissolution as inferred from the kinetic isotope effect. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54 (1990) 3369-3378
13. Compton J.S. Porosity reduction and burial history of siliceous rocks from the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Point Pedernales area, California. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 103 (1991) 625-636
14. Dickson B.L., and Giblin A.M. Features of acid-saline systems of Southern Australia. Appl. Geochem. 24 2 (2009) 297-302
15. Dove P.M. Kinetic and thermodynamic controls on silica reactivity in weathering environments. In: White A.F., and Brantley S.L. (Eds). Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals (1995), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. 31
16. Dove P.M., and Crerar D.A. Kinetics of quartz dissolution in electrolyte solutions using a hydrothermal mixing flow reactor. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54 (1990) 955-969
17. Eberl D.D., and Hower J. Kinetics of illite formation. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 87 (1976) 1326-1330
18. Eberl D.D., Velde B., et al. Synthesis of illite-smectite from smectite at Earth surface temperatures and high pH. Clay Miner. 28 49-60 (1993)
19. Ehlmann B.L., Mustard J.F., et al. Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars. Science 322 5909 (2008) 1828-1832
20. Ehlmann B.L., Mustard J.F., et al. Clay minerals in delta deposits and organic preservation potential on Mars. Nat. Geosci. 1 6 (2008) 355-358
21. Elwood Madden M.E., Bodnar R.J., et al. Jarosite as an indicator of water-limited chemical weathering on Mars. Nature 431 (2004) 821-823
22. Ernst W.G., and Calvert S.E. An experimental study of recrystallization of porcelanite and its bearing on origin of some bedded cherts. Am. J. Sci. 267 (1969) 114
23. Fassett C.I., and Head J.W. The timing of Martian valley network activity: constraints from buffered crater counting. Icarus 195 (2008) 61-89
24. Fassett C.I., and Head J.W. Valley network-fed, open-basin lakes on Mars: distribution and implications for Noachian surface and subsurface hydrology. Icarus 198 (2008) 37-56
25. Fernandez-Remolar D.C., Morris R.V., et al. The Rio Tinto Basin, Spain: mineralogy, sedimentary geobiology, and implications for interpretation of outcrop rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 240 (2005) 149-167
26. Frey H.V. Ages of very large impact basins on Mars: implications for the late heavy bombardment in the inner solar system. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L13203 (2008) 10.1029/2008GL033515
27. Gabel N.W., and Ponnamperuma C. Model for origin of monosaccharides. Nature 216 (1967) 453-455
28. Glotch T.D., Bandfield J.L., et al. Mineralogy of the light-toned outcrop at Meridiani Planum as seen by the miniature thermal emission spectrometer and implications for its formation. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 111 (2006) E12S03
29. Grant J.A., Irwin R.P., et al. HiRISE imaging of impact megabreccia and sub-meter aqueous strata in Holden Crater, Mars. Geology 36 3 (2008) 195-198
30. Greathouse J.A., Refson K., et al. Molecular dynamics simulation of water mobility in magnesium-smectite hydrates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 46 (2000) 11459-11464
31. Greenwood J.P., Itoh S., et al. Hydrogen isotope evidence for loss of water from Mars through time. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L05203 (2008) 10.1029/2007GL032721
32. Grotzinger J.P., Bell III J.F., et al. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a dry to wet eolian depositional system, Burns Formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 240 1-2 (2005) 11-72
33. Hinman N.W. Sequences of silica phase transitions: effects of Na, Mg, K, Al, and Fe ions. Mar. Geol. 147 (1998) 13-24
34. Huang W.-L. The nucleation and growth of polycrystalline quartz: pressure effect from 0.05 to 3 GPa. Eur. J. Mineral. 15 (2003) 843-853
35. Hynek B.M., and Phillips R.J. Evidence for extensive denudation of the Martian highlands. Geology 29 5 (2001) 407-410
36. Kirsimae K., Jorgensen P., et al. Low-temperature diagenetic illite-smectite in lower Cambrian clays in North Estonia. Clay Miner. 34 (1999) 151-163
37. Klingelhöfer G., Morris R.V., et al. Jarosite and hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mossbauer spectrometer. Science 306 (2004) 1740
38. Lasaga A.C. Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences (1998), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
39. Lawrence M.J.F. Sedimentology and petrography of early diagenetic chert and dolomite in the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary Amuri Limestone Group, eastern Marlborough, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 36 (1993) 9-25
40. Lillis R.J., Frey H.V., et al. Rapid decrease in Martian crustal magnetization in the Noachian era: implications for the dynamo and climate of early Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 14 (2008) L14203 10.1029/2008GL034338
41. Maliva R.G., Knoll A.H., et al. Secular change in chert distribution; a reflection of evolving biological participation in the silica cycle. Palaios 4 6 (1989) 519-532
42. Mangold N., Poulet F., et al. Mineralogy of the Nili Fossae region with OMEGA/Mars Express data: 2. Aqueous alteration of the crust. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 112 E8 (2007) E08S04 10.1029/2006JE002835
43. Matheney R.K., and Knauth L.P. New isotopic temperature estimates for early silica diagenesis in bedded cherts. Geology 21 (1993) 519-522
44. McGovern P.J., Solomon S.C., et al. Localized gravity/topography admittance and correlation spectra on Mars: implications for regional and global evolution. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 107 E12 (2002)
45. McLennan S.M. Sedimentary silica on Mars. Geology 31 (2003) 315-318
46. McLennan S.M., and Grotzinger J.P. The sedimentary rock cycle of Mars. The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties. J. F. Bell (2008), CUP
47. McLennan S.M., Bell III J.F., et al. Provenance and diagenesis of the evaporite-bearing Burns Formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 240 1-2 (2005) 95-121
48. Meunier A. Clays (2005), Springer, Berlin
49. Miller S.L., and Orgel L.E. The Origins of Life on the Earth (1974), Prentice Hall
50. Milliken R.E., Swayze G., et al. Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars. Geology 36 11 (2008) 847-850
51. Mirabella A., Egli M., et al. Origin of clay minerals in soils on pyroclastic deposits in the island of Lipari (Italy). Clays Clay Miner. 53 4 (2005) 409-421
52. Moore D.M. Diagenesis of the Purington Shale in the Illinois Basin and implications for the diagenetic state of sedimentary rocks of shallow Paleozoic basins. J. Geol. 108 (2000) 553-567
53. Morris R.V., Klingelhoefer G., et al. Mossbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev crater, Mars: Spirit's journey through weakly altered olivine basalt on the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 111 E2 (2006) E02S13
54. Mustard J.F., Murchie S., et al. Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconaissance Orbiter CRISM Instrument. Nature 454 7202 (2008) 305-309
55. Ogawa Y., and Kawata T. Preservation of biogenic opal-A in earliest Cretaceous radiolarian claystone from the western Pacific. J. Sediment. Res. 68 3 (1998) 435-439
56. Orgel L.E. The Origin of Life - How Long did it Take?. Origins of Life and the Evolution of the Biosphere vol. 28 (1998) 91-96
57. Osterloo M.M., Hamilton V.E., et al. Chloride-bearing materials in the southern highlands of Mars. Science 319 5870 (2008) 1651-1654
58. Poulet F., Arvidson R.E., et al. Mineralogy of Terra Meridiani and Western Arabia Terra from OMEGA/MEx and implications for their formation. Icarus 195 1 (2008) 106-130
59. Richardson M.I., and Mischna M.A. Long-term evolution of transient water on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 110 E3 (2005) E03003
60. Robinson D., Schmidt S.T., et al. Reaction pathways and reaction progress for the smectite-to-chlorite transformation: evidence from hydrothermally altered metabasites. J. Metamorph. Geol. 20 (2002) 167-174
61. Schon S.C., Head J.W., et al. Unique chronostratigraphic marker in depositional fan stratigraphy on Mars: evidence for ca. 1.25 Ma gully activity and surficial meltwater origin. Geology 37 3 (2009) 207-210
62. Siever R. Burial history and diagenetic reaction kinetics. AAPG Bull. 67 4 (1983) 684-691
63. Sleep N.H., Zahnle K.J., et al. Annihilation of ecosystems by large asteroid impacts on the early Earth. Nature 342 6246 (1989) 139-142
64. Smith A.M.L., Hudson-Edwards K.A., et al. Dissolution of jarosite [KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6] at pH 2 and 8: insights from batch experiments and computational modeling. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70 (2006) 608-621
65. Som S.M., Montgomery D.R., et al. Scaling relations for large Martian valleys. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 114 E02005 (2009) 10.1029/2008JE003132
66. Sposito G., and Prost R. Structure of water adsorbed on smectites. Chem. Rev. 82 553-573 (1982)
67. Squyres S.W., Arvidson R.E., et al. Detection of silica-rich deposits on Mars. Science 320 (2008) 1063-1067
68. Stepinski T.F., and Stepinski A.P. Morphology of drainage basins as an indicator of climate on early Mars. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 110 E12S12 (2005) 10.1029/2005JE002448
69. Sykes R., and Lindqvist J.K. Diagenetic quartz and amorphous silica in New Zealand coals. Org. Geochem. 20 6 (1993) 855-866
70. Tian F., Kasting J.F., et al. Thermal escape of carbon from the early Martian atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 L02205 (2009) 10.1029/2008GL036513
71. Tosca N.J., McLennan S.M., et al. Acid-sulfate weathering of synthetic Martian basalt: the acid fog model revisited. J. Geophys. Res. - Planets 109 E05003 (2004) 10.1029/2003JE002218
72. H2O) and the challenge for life on early Mars. Science 320 (2008) 1204-1207
73. Velde B., and Vasseur G. Estimation of the diagenetic smectite to illite transformation in time-temperature space. Am. Mineral. 77 (1992) 967-976
74. Walker J.R. Polytypism of chlorite in very low grade metamorphic rocks. Am. Mineral. 74 (1989) 738-743
75. Weaver C.E. Clays, Muds, and Shales (1989), Elsevier, New York
76. Whitney G. Role of water in the smectite-to-illite reaction. Clays Clay Miner. 38 4 (1990) 343-350
77. Williams L.A., and Crerar D.A. Silica diagensis, II. General mechanisms. J. Sediment. Petrol. 55 3 (1985) 312-321
78. Williams L.A., Parks G.A., et al. Silica diagenesis, I. Solubility controls. J. Sediment. Petrol. 55 3 (1985) 301-311
79. Wolff-Boenisch D., Gislason S.R., et al. The dissolution rates of natural glasses as a function of their composition at pH 4 and 10.6, and temperatures from 25 to 74 °C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68 23 (2004) 4843-4858
80. Wray J.J., Ehlmann B.L., et al. Compositional stratigraphy of clay-bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L12202 (2008) 10.1029/2008GL034385