Relative peripheral hyperopic defocus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys

Vision Research

Volumn 49, Issue 19, 2009, Pages 2386-2392

  Smith III, Earl L ^a,b   Hung, Li Fang ^a,b   Huang, Juan ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b VISION COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Emmetropization; Hyperopia; Myopia; Peripheral refraction; Refractive error

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANISOMETROPIA; ARTICLE; BIOMETRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE REFRACTION; HYPERMETROPIA; LASER SURGERY; LENS; MYOPIA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION ERROR; RETINA FOVEA; RHESUS MONKEY; VISUAL FIELD;

AGING; ANIMALS; BIOMETRY; EYE; HYPEROPIA; MACACA MULATTA; MYOPIA; REFRACTION, OCULAR;

EID: 69949142443     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.07.011     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bartmann M., Schaeffel F., Hagel G., and Zrenner E. Constant light affects retinal dopamine levels and blocks deprivation myopia but not lens-induced refractive errors in chickens. Visual Neuroscience 11 (1994) 199-208
2. Carkeet A. Field restriction and vignetting in contact lenses with opaque peripheries. Clinical and Experimental Optometry 81 (1998) 151-158
3. Connolly B.P., Ng E.Y., McNamara J.A., Regillo C.D., Vander J.F., and Tasman W. A comparison of laser photocoagulation with cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity at 10 years: part 2.Refractive outcome. Ophthalmology 109 (2002) 936-941
4. Diether S., and Schaeffel F. Local changes in eye growth induced by imposed local refractive error despite active accommodation. Vision Research 37 (1997) 659-668
5. Ferree C.E., Rand G., and Hardy C. Refraction for the peripheral field of vision. Archives of Ophthalmology 5 (1931) 717-731
6. Ferree C.E., Rand G., and Hardy C. Refractive asymmetry in the temporal and nasal halves of the visual field. American Journal of Ophthalmology 15 (1932) 513-522
7. Harris W.F. Algebra of sphero-cylinders and refractive errors, and their means, variance, and standard deviation. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics 65 (1988) 794-902
8. Hodos W., and Kuenzel W.J. Retinal-image degradation produces ocular enlargement in chicks. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 25 (1984) 652-659
9. Hoogerheide J., Rempt F., and Hoogenboom W.P. Acquired myopia in young pilots. Ophthalmologica 163 (1971) 209-215
10. Huang, J., Hung, L.-F., Ramamirtham, R., Blasdel, T., Humbird, T., Bockhorst, K., et al. (2009). Form deprivation alters peripheral refractions and ocular shape in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3162.
11. Hung L.-F., Ramamirtham R., Huang J., Qiao-Grider Y., and Smith III E.L. Peripheral refraction in normal infant rhesus monkeys. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 49 (2008) 3747-3757
12. Kee C.-s., Hung L.-F., Qiao Y., Habib A., and Smith III E.L. Prevalence of astigmatism in infant monkeys. Vision Research 42 (2002) 1349-1359
13. Kee C.-s., Hung L.F., Qiao-Grider Y., Ramamirtham R., Winawer J., Wallman J., et al. Temporal constraints on experimental emmetropization in infant monkeys. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 48 (2007) 957-962
14. Kee C.-s., Hung L.-F., Qiao-Grider Y., Roorda A., and Smith III E.L. Effects of optically imposed astigmatism on emmetropization in infant monkeys. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 45 (2004) 1647-1659
15. Kee C.-s., Marzani D., and Wallman J. Differences in time course and visual requirements of ocular responses to lenses and diffusers. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42 (2001) 575-583
16. Knight-Nanan D.M., and O'Keefe M. Refractive outcome in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity treated with cryotherapy or diode laser: 3 Year follow up. British Journal of Ophthalmology 80 (1996) 998-1001
17. Millodot M. Effect of ametropia on peripheral refraction. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics 58 (1981) 691-695
18. Millodot M., and Lamont A. Refraction of the periphery of the eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America 64 (1974) 110-111
19. Mutti D.O., Hayes J.R., Mitchell G.L., Jones L.A., Moeschberger M.L., Cotter S.A., et al. Refractive error, axial length, and relative peripheral refractive error before and after the onset of myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 48 (2007) 2510-2519
20. Napper G.A., Brennan N.A., Barrington M., Squires M.A., Vessey G.A., and Vingrys A. The effect of an interrupted daily period of normal visual stimulation on form deprivation myopia in chicks. Vision Research 37 (1997) 1557-1564
21. Nathan J., Kiely P.M., Crewther S.G., and Crewther D.P. Disease-associated image degradation and spherical refractive errors in children. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics 62 (1985) 680-688
22. Nissenkorn I., Yassur Y., Mashkowski O., Sherf I., and Ben-Sira I. Myopia in premature babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. British Journal of Ophthalmology 67 (1983) 170-173
23. Norton T.T. Animal models of myopia: Learning how vision controls the size of the eye. Journal of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research 40 (1999) 59-77
24. Schaeffel F., Hagel G., Bartmann M., Kohler K., and Zrenner E. 6-Hydroxydopamine does not affect lens-induced refractive errors but suppresses deprivation myopia. Vision Research 34 (1994) 143-149
25. Schippert R., and Schaeffel F. Peripheral defocus does not necessarily affect central refractive development. Vision Research 46 (2006) 3935-3940
26. Schmid G. Retinal steepness vs. myopic shift in children. Optometry and Vision Science 12S (2004) 23
27. Schmid K.L., and Wildsoet C.F. Effects on the compensatory responses to positive and negative lenses of intermittent lens wear and ciliary nerve section in chicks. Vision Research 36 (1996) 1023-1036
28. Siegwart J.T., and Norton T.T. Refractive and ocular changes in tree shrews raised with plus or minus lenses. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 34 Suppl. (1993) 1208
29. Sieving P.A., and Fishman G.A. Refractive errors of retinitis pigmentosa patients. British Journal of Ophthalmology 62 (1978) 163-167
30. Smith III E.L. Environmentally induced refractive errors in animals. In: Rosenfield M., and Gilmartin B. (Eds). Myopia and nearwork (1998), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford 57-90
31. Smith III E.L., Harwerth R.S., Wensveen J.M., Ramamirtham R., Kee C.-s., and Hung L.-F. Effects of brief daily periods of unrestricted vision on the development of form-deprivation myopia in monkeys. Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science 43 (2002) 291-299
32. Smith III E.L., and Hung L.-F. The role of optical defocus in regulating refractive development in infant monkeys. Vision Research 39 (1999) 1415-1435
33. Smith III, E. L., Huang, J., Hung, L.-F., Ramamirtham, R., Blasdel, T., Humbird, T., et al. (2009). Hemi-retinal form deprivation: Evidence for local control of eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys. Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3232.
34. Smith III E.L., Kee C.-s., Ramamirtham R., Qiao-Grider Y., and Hung L.-F. Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46 (2005) 3965-3972
35. Smith III E.L., Ramamirtham R., Qiao-Grider Y., Hung L.-F., Huang J., Kee C.-s., et al. Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 48 (2007) 3914-3922
36. Stone R.A., and Flitcroft D.I. Ocular shape and myopia. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore 33 (2004) 7-15
37. Stone R.A., Pendrak K., Sugimoto R., Lin T., Gill A.S., Capehart C., et al. Local patterns of image degradation differentially affect refraction and eye shape in chick. Current Eye Research 31 (2006) 90-105
38. Wallman J., Gottlieb M.D., Rajaram V., and Fugate-Wentzek L. Local retinal regions control local eye growth and myopia. Science 237 (1987) 73-77
39. Wallman J., and Winawer J. Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia. Neuron 43 (2004) 447-468