메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 135-141

The central noradrenergic system: An overview

Author keywords

Brainstern; Central noradrenergic system; Neuromodulatory

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINE; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; DOPAMINE; HISTAMINE; NORADRENALIN; SEROTONIN;

EID: 69949096817     PISSN: 19948220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v10i3.30245     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (10)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 69949099969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Windhorst U. Bilateral organisation of the brain, Gregor R, Windhorst U, eds, Berlin: Springer-Verlag;
    • Windhorst U. Bilateral organisation of the brain. In: Gregor R, Windhorst U, eds, Comprehensive Human Physiology, Vol 1. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1996:1137-1160.
    • (1996) Comprehensive Human Physiology , vol.1 , pp. 1137-1160
  • 2
    • 1542568317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal systems
    • Jones BE. Arousal systems. Frontiers Biosci 2003;8:438-451.
    • (2003) Frontiers Biosci , vol.8 , pp. 438-451
    • Jones, B.E.1
  • 5
    • 0019215370 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines attenuate single unit activity in the locus coeruleus
    • Grant SJ, Huang YH, Redmond DE. Benzodiazepines attenuate single unit activity in the locus coeruleus. Life Sci 1980;27:2231.
    • (1980) Life Sci , vol.27 , pp. 2231
    • Grant, S.J.1    Huang, Y.H.2    Redmond, D.E.3
  • 6
    • 0022333275 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural functions of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes
    • Aston-Jones G. Behavioural functions of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes. Physiol Psychol 1986;13:118-126.
    • (1986) Physiol Psychol , vol.13 , pp. 118-126
    • Aston-Jones, G.1
  • 8
    • 0035684220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paring down on Descartes: A review of brain noradrenaline and sympathetic nervous function
    • Lambert GW. Paring down on Descartes: a review of brain noradrenaline and sympathetic nervous function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001;28(12):979-982.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.28 , Issue.12 , pp. 979-982
    • Lambert, G.W.1
  • 9
    • 0028908884 scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system noradrenergic control of sympathetic outflow in normotensive and hypertensive humans
    • Esler MD, Lambert GW, Ferrier C, Kaye DM,Wallin BG, Kalff V, et al. Central nervous system noradrenergic control of sympathetic outflow in normotensive and hypertensive humans. Clin Exp Hypertension 1995;17(1-2):409-423.
    • (1995) Clin Exp Hypertension , vol.17 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 409-423
    • Esler, M.D.1    Lambert, G.W.2    Ferrier, C.3    Kaye, D.M.4    Wallin, B.G.5    Kalff, V.6
  • 11
    • 0033642637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain noradrenaline and the mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs
    • Svensson TH. Brain noradrenaline and the mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs. Acta Psych Scand Suppl, 2000;402:18-27.
    • (2000) Acta Psych Scand Suppl , vol.402 , pp. 18-27
    • Svensson, T.H.1
  • 12
    • 0842308919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons after DSP-4 lesion: Effects on dopamine levels and neuroleptic induced-parkinsonian symptoms in rats
    • Srinivasan J, Schmidt WJ. Functional recovery of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons after DSP-4 lesion: effects on dopamine levels and neuroleptic induced-parkinsonian symptoms in rats. J Neural Transmiss 2004;111(1):13-26.
    • (2004) J Neural Transmiss , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • Srinivasan, J.1    Schmidt, W.J.2
  • 13
    • 0442309050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of endogenous glutamate in the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine and serotonin on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
    • Feldman S,Weidenfeld J. Involvement of endogenous glutamate in the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine and serotonin on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Neuroendocrinology 2004;79(1):43-53.
    • (2004) Neuroendocrinology , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-53
    • Feldman, S.1    Weidenfeld, J.2
  • 14
    • 1842664297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha 2adrenergic receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic IPSPs in rat histaminergic neurons
    • Stevens DR, Kuramasu A, Erikson KS, Selbach O, Haas HL. Alpha 2adrenergic receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic IPSPs in rat histaminergic neurons. Neuropharmacology 2004;46(7):1018-1022.
    • (2004) Neuropharmacology , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 1018-1022
    • Stevens, D.R.1    Kuramasu, A.2    Erikson, K.S.3    Selbach, O.4    Haas, H.L.5
  • 15
    • 2942615491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gross mapping of alpha 1-adrenoceptors that regulate behavioural activation in the mouse brain
    • Stone EA, Lin Y, Ahsan R, Quartermain D. Gross mapping of alpha 1-adrenoceptors that regulate behavioural activation in the mouse brain. Behav Brain Res 2004;152(2):167-175.
    • (2004) Behav Brain Res , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-175
    • Stone, E.A.1    Lin, Y.2    Ahsan, R.3    Quartermain, D.4
  • 16
    • 0042778607 scopus 로고
    • Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder
    • Geschwind N, Behan PO. Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:5097-5100.
    • (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.79 , pp. 5097-5100
    • Geschwind, N.1    Behan, P.O.2
  • 18
    • 0026536665 scopus 로고
    • The concept of stress and stress systems disorders
    • Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concept of stress and stress systems disorders. JAMA 1992:267:1244-1252.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 1244-1252
    • Chrousos, G.P.1    Gold, P.W.2
  • 19
    • 3242738309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain circuits involved in corticotropin-releasing factor-norepinephrine interactions during stress
    • Dunn AJ, Swiergiel AH, Palamourchouk V. Brain circuits involved in corticotropin-releasing factor-norepinephrine interactions during stress. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004;1018:25-34.
    • (2004) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1018 , pp. 25-34
    • Dunn, A.J.1    Swiergiel, A.H.2    Palamourchouk, V.3
  • 20
    • 0033765025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders
    • Ressler KJ, Nemeroff CB. Role of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 2000;12(suppl 1):2-19.
    • (2000) Depression and Anxiety , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 2-19
    • Ressler, K.J.1    Nemeroff, C.B.2
  • 21
    • 0242659198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common pathogenic mechanisms between depression and epilepsy: An experimental perspective
    • Jobe PC. Common pathogenic mechanisms between depression and epilepsy: an experimental perspective. Epilepsy & Behav 2003;4(suppl 3):S14-S24.
    • (2003) Epilepsy & Behav , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Jobe, P.C.1
  • 22
    • 1942516961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases: A theory
    • Marien MR, Colpaert FC, Rosenquist AC. Noradrenergic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases: a theory. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2004;45(1):38-78.
    • (2004) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-78
    • Marien, M.R.1    Colpaert, F.C.2    Rosenquist, A.C.3
  • 23
    • 77956772496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholaminergic contributions to early learning
    • Leon M. Catecholaminergic contributions to early learning. Adv Pharmacol 1998;42:961-964.
    • (1998) Adv Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 961-964
    • Leon, M.1
  • 24
    • 0029994755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central adaptation syndrome: Psychosocial stress as a trigger for adaptive modifications of brain structure and brain function
    • Huether G. The central adaptation syndrome: Psychosocial stress as a trigger for adaptive modifications of brain structure and brain function. Prog Neurobiol 1996;48:569-612.
    • (1996) Prog Neurobiol , vol.48 , pp. 569-612
    • Huether, G.1
  • 25
    • 77956716618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic influences on prefrontal cortical cognitive function: Opposing actions at postjunctional alpha 1 versus alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
    • Arnsten AF, Steere JC, Jentsch DJ, Li BM. Noradrenergic influences on prefrontal cortical cognitive function: Opposing actions at postjunctional alpha 1 versus alpha 2 adrenergic receptors. Adv Pharmacol 1998; 42:764-767.
    • (1998) Adv Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 764-767
    • Arnsten, A.F.1    Steere, J.C.2    Jentsch, D.J.3    Li, B.M.4
  • 26
    • 0029796314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible pathophysiological mechanisms regulating food intake in seasonal affective disorder
    • Partonen T. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms regulating food intake in seasonal affective disorder. Med Hypotheses 1996; 47(3):215-216.
    • (1996) Med Hypotheses , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-216
    • Partonen, T.1
  • 27
    • 0030809678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central noradrenergic system modulates plasma interleukin-6 production by peripheral interleukin-1
    • Huang QH, Takaki A, Arimura A. Central noradrenergic system modulates plasma interleukin-6 production by peripheral interleukin-1. Am J Physiol 1997;273:R731-738.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Huang, Q.H.1    Takaki, A.2    Arimura, A.3
  • 28
    • 0030825194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of brain noradrenergic activity in rhesus monkeys affects the alerting component of overt orientating
    • Witte EA, Marrocco RT. Alteration of brain noradrenergic activity in rhesus monkeys affects the alerting component of overt orientating. Psychopharmacol 1997;132(4):315-323.
    • (1997) Psychopharmacol , vol.132 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-323
    • Witte, E.A.1    Marrocco, R.T.2
  • 29
    • 0030331534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones as neurotransmitters
    • Dratman MB, Gordon JT. Thyroid hormones as neurotransmitters. Thyroid 1996;6(6):639-647.
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 639-647
    • Dratman, M.B.1    Gordon, J.T.2
  • 30
    • 0029924275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of alpha 2noradrenergic mechanisms of prefrontal cortical significance for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Arnsten AF, Steere JC, Hunt RD. The contribution of alpha 2noradrenergic mechanisms of prefrontal cortical significance for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53(5):448-455.
    • (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.5 , pp. 448-455
    • Arnsten, A.F.1    Steere, J.C.2    Hunt, R.D.3
  • 31
    • 69949087497 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of forebrain electroencephalographic activity and behavioural state by the locus coeruleus - noradrenergic system: Involvement of the medial septal area
    • Berridge CW. Modulation of forebrain electroencephalographic activity and behavioural state by the locus coeruleus - noradrenergic system: Involvement of the medial septal area. Adv Pharmacol 1988;42:744-748.
    • (1988) Adv Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 744-748
    • Berridge, C.W.1
  • 32
    • 0030759278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission may influence cortical signalto- noise ratio
    • Hasselmo ME, Linster C, Patil M, Cekic M. Noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission may influence cortical signalto- noise ratio. J Neurophysiol 1997;77(6):3326-3339.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 3326-3339
    • Hasselmo, M.E.1    Linster, C.2    Patil, M.3    Cekic, M.4
  • 33
    • 0030837752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic regulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region
    • Katsuki H, Izumi Y, Zorumski CF. Noradrenergic regulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. J Neurophysiol 1997;77(6):3013-20.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 3013-3020
    • Katsuki, H.1    Izumi, Y.2    Zorumski, C.F.3
  • 34
    • 0031036188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The noradrenergic innervation of identified hypothalamic magnocellular somata and its contribution to lactation-induced synaptic plasticity
    • Michaloudi HC, Mjboudi M, Poulain DA, Papadopoulos GC, Theodosis DT. The noradrenergic innervation of identified hypothalamic magnocellular somata and its contribution to lactation-induced synaptic plasticity. J Neuroendocrinol 1997;9(1):17-23.
    • (1997) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Michaloudi, H.C.1    Mjboudi, M.2    Poulain, D.A.3    Papadopoulos, G.C.4    Theodosis, D.T.5
  • 35
    • 0030155390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gap junction coupling in the developing neocortex
    • Rorig B, Sutor B. Regulation of gap junction coupling in the developing neocortex. Mol Neurobiol 1996;2(3):225-249.
    • (1996) Mol Neurobiol , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-249
    • Rorig, B.1    Sutor, B.2
  • 36
    • 0031110851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of midbrain ventro-lateral tegmental area (VLTA) adrenergic mechanisms in facilitation of hypothalamically-induced predatory attack behaviour
    • Bhatia SC, Saha S, Manchanda SK, Nayar U. Role of midbrain ventro-lateral tegmental area (VLTA) adrenergic mechanisms in facilitation of hypothalamically-induced predatory attack behaviour. Indian J Exp Biol 1997;35(4):332-337.
    • (1997) Indian J Exp Biol , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 332-337
    • Bhatia, S.C.1    Saha, S.2    Manchanda, S.K.3    Nayar, U.4
  • 37
    • 0029913212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. I Preclinical studies
    • Bremner JD, Krystal JH, Southwick SM, Charney D. Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. I Preclinical studies. Synapse 1996;23:28-38.
    • (1996) Synapse , vol.23 , pp. 28-38
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Southwick, S.M.3    Charney, D.4
  • 38
    • 0029970259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. II. Clinical Studies
    • Bremner JD,Krystal JH, Southwick, Charney DS. Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. II. Clinical Studies. Synapse 1996;23:39-51.
    • (1996) Synapse , vol.23 , pp. 39-51
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Southwick3    Charney, D.S.4
  • 39
    • 2942590400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus control of state-dependent gene expression
    • Cirelli C, Tononi G. Locus coeruleus control of state-dependent gene expression. J Neurosci 2004;24(23):5410-5419.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , Issue.23 , pp. 5410-5419
    • Cirelli, C.1    Tononi, G.2
  • 40
    • 0027437194 scopus 로고
    • Learned helplessness and in vivo hippocampal norepinephrine release
    • Petty F, Kramer G,Wilson L, Chae Y-L. Learned helplessness and in vivo hippocampal norepinephrine release. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993;46:231-235.
    • (1993) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.46 , pp. 231-235
    • Petty, F.1    Kramer, G.2    Wilson, L.3    Chae, Y.-L.4
  • 42
    • 69949099153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotions: The highs and the lows of the brain
    • 2nd edition. NY: Freeman and Company;
    • Bloom FE, Lazerson A. Emotions: The highs and the lows of the brain. In Brain, Mind and Behaviour. 2nd edition. NY: Freeman and Company; 1996:231.
    • (1996) Brain, Mind and Behaviour , pp. 231
    • Bloom, F.E.1    Lazerson, A.2
  • 43
    • 0023271850 scopus 로고
    • The effects of intrahypothalamic injections of norepinephrine upon affective defense behaviour in the cat
    • Barret JA, Shaikh MB, Edinger H, Siegel A. The effects of intrahypothalamic injections of norepinephrine upon affective defense behaviour in the cat. Brain Res 1987;426:381-384.
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.426 , pp. 381-384
    • Barret, J.A.1    Shaikh, M.B.2    Edinger, H.3    Siegel, A.4
  • 44
    • 0022530410 scopus 로고
    • Single-unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat II. Conditioning and pharmacological studies
    • Rasmussen K, Jacobs BL. Single-unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat II. Conditioning and pharmacological studies. Brain Res 1986;371:335-344.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.371 , pp. 335-344
    • Rasmussen, K.1    Jacobs, B.L.2
  • 45
    • 0022468439 scopus 로고
    • Single-unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat I. During naturalistic behaviors and in response to simple and complex stimuli
    • Rasmussen K, Morilak DA, Jacobs BL. Single-unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat I. During naturalistic behaviors and in response to simple and complex stimuli. Brain Res 1986;371:324.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.371 , pp. 324
    • Rasmussen, K.1    Morilak, D.A.2    Jacobs, B.L.3
  • 46
    • 0025175203 scopus 로고
    • Activity of cat locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons during the defense reaction
    • Levine ES, Litto WJ, Jacobs BL. Activity of cat locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons during the defense reaction. Brain Res 1990;531:189-195.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.531 , pp. 189-195
    • Levine, E.S.1    Litto, W.J.2    Jacobs, B.L.3
  • 47
    • 0021187911 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal activity of the locus coeruleus in awake Macaca arctoides
    • Grant SJ, Redmond DE. Neuronal activity of the locus coeruleus in awake Macaca arctoides. Exp Neurol 1984;84:701-708.
    • (1984) Exp Neurol , vol.84 , pp. 701-708
    • Grant, S.J.1    Redmond, D.E.2
  • 49
    • 0018800158 scopus 로고
    • New evidence for a locus coeruleus norepinephrine connection with anxiety
    • Redmond D, Huang Y. New evidence for a locus coeruleus norepinephrine connection with anxiety. Life Sci 1979;25:2149-2162.
    • (1979) Life Sci , vol.25 , pp. 2149-2162
    • Redmond, D.1    Huang, Y.2
  • 50
    • 0023410730 scopus 로고
    • Single-unit response of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of freely moving cats II. Adaptation to chronically presented stressful stimuli
    • Abercrombie ED, Jacobs BL. Single-unit response of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of freely moving cats II. Adaptation to chronically presented stressful stimuli. J Neurosci 1987;7:2844-2848.
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 2844-2848
    • Abercrombie, E.D.1    Jacobs, B.L.2
  • 51
    • 0018133542 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurons to morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine
    • Aghajanian G. Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurons to morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine. Nature 1978; 276:186-188.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.276 , pp. 186-188
    • Aghajanian, G.1
  • 52
    • 0040540687 scopus 로고
    • Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal
    • USA
    • Foote SL, Aston-Jones G, Bloom FE. Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1980;USA, 77:3033-3037.
    • (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.77 , pp. 3033-3037
    • Foote, S.L.1    Aston-Jones, G.2    Bloom, F.E.3
  • 53
    • 0022333275 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural function of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes
    • Aston-Jones G. Behavioural function of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes. Physiol Psychol 1986;13:118-126.
    • (1986) Physiol Psychol , vol.13 , pp. 118-126
    • Aston-Jones, G.1
  • 54
    • 84900700298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological rhythms, sleep and dreaming
    • Massachusetts: Sinauer Ass Inc;
    • Rosenzweig MR, Leiman AL, Breedlove SM. Biological rhythms, sleep and dreaming. In: Biological Psychology. Massachusetts: Sinauer Ass Inc; 1999. 300-406.
    • (1999) Biological Psychology , pp. 300-406
    • Rosenzweig, M.R.1    Leiman, A.L.2    Breedlove, S.M.3
  • 55
    • 69949099153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotions: The highs and the lows of the brain
    • NY: WH Freeman & company;
    • Bloom FE, Lazerson A. Emotions: The highs and the lows of the brain. In: Brain, Mind and Behaviour. NY: WH Freeman & company; 1996:208-237.
    • (1996) Brain, Mind and Behaviour , pp. 208-237
    • Bloom, F.E.1    Lazerson, A.2
  • 56
    • 69949108838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostasis: Maintaining the internal environment
    • NY:WH Freeman and Company;
    • Bloom FE, Lazerson A. Homeostasis: Maintaining the internal environment. In: Brain Mind and Behaviour. NY:WH Freeman and Company; 1996:399.
    • (1996) Brain Mind and Behaviour , pp. 399
    • Bloom, F.E.1    Lazerson, A.2
  • 59
    • 0030955507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex
    • Arnsten AF. Catecholamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex. J Psychopharm 1997;11(2):151-162.
    • (1997) J Psychopharm , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-162
    • Arnsten, A.F.1
  • 60
    • 0022501992 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and efferent projections of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in rat amygdaloid complex
    • Sakanaka M, Shibasaki T, Lederis K. Distribution and efferent projections of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in rat amygdaloid complex. Brain Res 1986;382:213-238.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.382 , pp. 213-238
    • Sakanaka, M.1    Shibasaki, T.2    Lederis, K.3
  • 61
  • 63
    • 0028049073 scopus 로고
    • Sensation seeking in psychiatrically disturbed youth: Relationship to biochemical parameters and behavior problems
    • Gabel S, Stadler J, Bjorn J, Shindledecker R, Bowden CL. Sensation seeking in psychiatrically disturbed youth: relationship to biochemical parameters and behavior problems. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiatry 1994;33(1):123-129.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-129
    • Gabel, S.1    Stadler, J.2    Bjorn, J.3    Shindledecker, R.4    Bowden, C.L.5
  • 64
    • 0030298288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garvey MJ, Noyes R jr, Cook B, Blum N. Preliminary confirmation of the proposed link between reward-dependence traits and norepinephrine. Psychiatry Res 1996;65(1):61-64.
    • Garvey MJ, Noyes R jr, Cook B, Blum N. Preliminary confirmation of the proposed link between reward-dependence traits and norepinephrine. Psychiatry Res 1996;65(1):61-64.
  • 65
    • 0030941032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered dopamine function in pathological gamling
    • Bergh C, Eklund T, Sodersten P, Nordin C. Altered dopamine function in pathological gamling. Psychol Med 1997;27(2):473-475.
    • (1997) Psychol Med , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 473-475
    • Bergh, C.1    Eklund, T.2    Sodersten, P.3    Nordin, C.4
  • 66
    • 0029101580 scopus 로고
    • Homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in male youth: Relationships with paternal substance abuse and antisocial behavior
    • Gabel S, Stadler J, Bjorn J, Shindledecker R. Homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in male youth: relationships with paternal substance abuse and antisocial behavior. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1995;21(3):363-378.
    • (1995) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-378
    • Gabel, S.1    Stadler, J.2    Bjorn, J.3    Shindledecker, R.4
  • 67
    • 0029965960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De Witte P. The role of neurotransmitters in alcohol dependence: animal research. Alcohol 1996;319 (Suppl)1:13-16.
    • De Witte P. The role of neurotransmitters in alcohol dependence: animal research. Alcohol 1996;319 (Suppl)1:13-16.
  • 68
    • 0028569125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol, monoamines, and affect
    • Sect 1994;
    • Clayton CJ, Hicks RE. Ethanol, monoamines, and affect. J Neur Transm Gen Sect 1994;98(3):169-195.
    • J Neur Transm Gen , vol.98 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-195
    • Clayton, C.J.1    Hicks, R.E.2
  • 72
    • 0031009472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological implications of childhood sexual abuse in borderline personality disorder
    • Figueroa E, Silk KR. Biological implications of childhood sexual abuse in borderline personality disorder. J Pers Dis 1997;11(1): 71-92.
    • (1997) J Pers Dis , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-92
    • Figueroa, E.1    Silk, K.R.2
  • 73
    • 0030763628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological alterations in the brainstem of suicides
    • Arango V, Underwood MD, Mann JJ. Biological alterations in the brainstem of suicides. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20(3):581-593.
    • (1997) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 581-593
    • Arango, V.1    Underwood, M.D.2    Mann, J.J.3
  • 74
    • 69949085152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major human cancers are preventable: Psychological stimuli induce a dopamine-thyroid - immune efficient mechanism
    • Gilbert C. Major human cancers are preventable: psychological stimuli induce a dopamine-thyroid - immune efficient mechanism. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20(3):581-593.
    • (1997) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 581-593
    • Gilbert, C.1
  • 75
    • 0029930376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral noradrenaline regulation in eating disorders
    • Pirke KM. Central and peripheral noradrenaline regulation in eating disorders. Psychiatry Res 1996;62(1):43-49.
    • (1996) Psychiatry Res , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Pirke, K.M.1
  • 77
    • 0030030977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current perspectives
    • Pliszka SR, McCracken JT, Maas JW. Catecholamines in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current perspectives. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35(3):264-272.
    • (1996) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-272
    • Pliszka, S.R.1    McCracken, J.T.2    Maas, J.W.3
  • 78
    • 0030746240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monoamine hypothesis for the pathophysiology of paraphillic disorders
    • Kafka MP. A monoamine hypothesis for the pathophysiology of paraphillic disorders. Arch Sex Behav 1997;26(4):343-358.
    • (1997) Arch Sex Behav , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 343-358
    • Kafka, M.P.1
  • 83
    • 0025823172 scopus 로고
    • Coexisting dysregulations of both the sympathoadrenal system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in melancholia
    • Meas M, Minner E, Suy C, Vandervorst, Raus J. Coexisting dysregulations of both the sympathoadrenal system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in melancholia. J Neural Transm 1991;85:195-210.
    • (1991) J Neural Transm , vol.85 , pp. 195-210
    • Meas, M.1    Minner, E.2    Suy, C.3    Vandervorst4    Raus, J.5
  • 84
    • 0027850398 scopus 로고
    • The adrenergic-cholinergic imbalance hypothesis of depression: A review and a perspective
    • Fritze J. The adrenergic-cholinergic imbalance hypothesis of depression: A review and a perspective. Rev Neurosci 1993; 4(1):63-93.
    • (1993) Rev Neurosci , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-93
    • Fritze, J.1
  • 85
    • 0023516892 scopus 로고
    • The serotonin-norepinephrine link hypothesis of affective disorders: Receptor-receptor interactions in brain
    • Sulser F, Sanders-Bush E. The serotonin-norepinephrine link hypothesis of affective disorders: Receptor-receptor interactions in brain. Adv Exp Med Biol 1987;221:489-572.
    • (1987) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.221 , pp. 489-572
    • Sulser, F.1    Sanders-Bush, E.2
  • 86
    • 0028308388 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic nervous system activity in major depression. Basal and desipramine-induced alterations in plasma norepinephrine kinetics
    • Veith RC, Lewis N, Linares OA, Barnes RF, Raskind MA, Villacres EC et al. Sympathetic nervous system activity in major depression. Basal and desipramine-induced alterations in plasma norepinephrine kinetics. Arch Gen Psych 1994;51(5):411-22.
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psych , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 411-422
    • Veith, R.C.1    Lewis, N.2    Linares, O.A.3    Barnes, R.F.4    Raskind, M.A.5    Villacres, E.C.6
  • 87
    • 0028196805 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines in depression: An Update
    • Potter WZ, Manji HK. Catecholamines in depression: An Update. Clin Chem 1994;40(2):279-287.
    • (1994) Clin Chem , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-287
    • Potter, W.Z.1    Manji, H.K.2
  • 89
    • 0029937367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic and serotonergic abnormalities in depression: Stress-induced dysfunction?
    • Dinan TG. Noradrenergic and serotonergic abnormalities in depression: stress-induced dysfunction? J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(Suppl 4):14-18.
    • (1996) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 14-18
    • Dinan, T.G.1
  • 90
    • 16944362115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced levels of norepinephrine transporters in the locus coeruleus in major depression
    • Klimek V, Stockmeier C, Overholser J, Meltzer HY, Kalka S, Dilley G, et al. Reduced levels of norepinephrine transporters in the locus coeruleus in major depression. J Neurosci 1997;17(21):8451-8458.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , Issue.21 , pp. 8451-8458
    • Klimek, V.1    Stockmeier, C.2    Overholser, J.3    Meltzer, H.Y.4    Kalka, S.5    Dilley, G.6
  • 91
    • 0030880672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mokrani MC, Duval F, Crocq MA, Bailey P, Macher JP. HPA axis dysfunction in depression: Correlation with monoamine system abnormalities. Psychoneuroendocrinol 1997;22 (Suppl)1:S63-68.
    • Mokrani MC, Duval F, Crocq MA, Bailey P, Macher JP. HPA axis dysfunction in depression: Correlation with monoamine system abnormalities. Psychoneuroendocrinol 1997;22 (Suppl)1:S63-68.
  • 92
    • 0030740422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma noradrenaline reponse to electroconvulsive therapy in depressive illness
    • Kelly CB, Cooper SJ. Plasma noradrenaline reponse to electroconvulsive therapy in depressive illness. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:182-186.
    • (1997) Br J Psychiatry , vol.171 , pp. 182-186
    • Kelly, C.B.1    Cooper, S.J.2
  • 93
    • 0030943091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia: New perspectives and therapeutic implications
    • Carlsson A, Hansson LO, Waters N, Carlsson ML. Neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia: New perspectives and therapeutic implications. Life Sci 1997;61(2):75-94.
    • (1997) Life Sci , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-94
    • Carlsson, A.1    Hansson, L.O.2    Waters, N.3    Carlsson, M.L.4
  • 94
    • 0030483709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical studies of Alzheimer's disease
    • Palmer AM. Neurochemical studies of Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegeneration 1996;5(4):381-91.
    • (1996) Neurodegeneration , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-391
    • Palmer, A.M.1
  • 95
    • 0031982424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwartz JP. Development and plasticity. Overview. Adv Pharmacol 1998;42:877-882.
    • Schwartz JP. Development and plasticity. Overview. Adv Pharmacol 1998;42:877-882.
  • 97
    • 0026800732 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar norepinhephrine infusions, facilitate recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury
    • Boyeson MG, Krobert KA. Cerebellar norepinhephrine infusions, facilitate recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury. Brain Res Bull 1992;29:435-439.
    • (1992) Brain Res Bull , vol.29 , pp. 435-439
    • Boyeson, M.G.1    Krobert, K.A.2
  • 100
    • 0023871626 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral glucose utilization after aversive conditioning and during conditioned fear in rat
    • Bryan RM, Lehmann RAW. Cerebral glucose utilization after aversive conditioning and during conditioned fear in rat. Brain Res 1988;444:17-24.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.444 , pp. 17-24
    • Bryan, R.M.1    Lehmann, R.A.W.2
  • 101
    • 0024850626 scopus 로고
    • Are glial cells targets of the cerebral adrenergic systems?
    • Stone AA, Ariano MA. Are glial cells targets of the cerebral adrenergic systems? Brain Res Rev 1989;14:297-308.
    • (1989) Brain Res Rev , vol.14 , pp. 297-308
    • Stone, A.A.1    Ariano, M.A.2
  • 102
    • 0020967816 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic receptors in brain microvessels
    • Nathanson JA. Adrenergic receptors in brain microvessels. Trends Neurol Sci 1983;4:422-424.
    • (1983) Trends Neurol Sci , vol.4 , pp. 422-424
    • Nathanson, J.A.1
  • 103
    • 0020332512 scopus 로고
    • Effects of immobilization stress on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • Ohata M, Takei HO, Fredericks WR, Rapoport SJ. Effects of immobilization stress on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1982;2:373-379.
    • (1982) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.2 , pp. 373-379
    • Ohata, M.1    Takei, H.O.2    Fredericks, W.R.3    Rapoport, S.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.