Orographic precipitation in the tropics: Experiments in Dominica

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 66, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1698-1716

  Smith, Ronald B ^a   Schafer, P ^a   Kirshbaum, D J ^b   Regina, E ^c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^c Météo France ^*  (Martinique)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR COLUMN; AMBIENT HUMIDITY; ANNUAL PRECIPITATION; CLOUD LAYERS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; DIURNAL CYCLE; EAST COAST; GUADELOUPE; HIGH ELEVATION; NATURAL LABORATORIES; OCEAN CONVECTION; OROGRAPHIC ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; RAIN GAUGES; RAIN SHADOW; TRADE WINDS;

CLOUDS; COMMERCE; GAGES; HEATING; LANDFORMS; METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; MOISTURE; OCEANOGRAPHY; SATELLITE OBSERVATORIES;

RAIN;

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; CONVECTION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; HUMIDITY; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RADAR; RAINGAUGE; TRADE WIND;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS; DOMINICA; LEEWARD ISLANDS [LESSER ANTILLES]; LESSER ANTILLES;

EID: 69849099323     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JAS2920.1     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Adler, R. F., G. J. Huffman, D. T. Bolvin, S. Curtis, and E. J. Nelkin, 2000: Tropical rainfall distributions determined using TRMM combined with other satellite and rain gauge information. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 2007-2023.
2. Banta, R. M., 1990: The role of mountains in making clouds. Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain, W. Blumen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 59-81.
3. Bean, B., R. Gilmer, R. Grossman, R. McGavin, and C. Travis, 1972: An analysis of airborne measurements of vertical water vapor flux during BOMEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 860-869.
4. Bell, T. L., and N. Reid, 1993: Detecting the diurnal cycle of rainfall using satellite observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 311-322.
5. Browning, K. A., F. F. Hill, and C. W. Pardoe, 1974: Structure and mechanism of precipitation and the effect of orography in a wintertime warm sector. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 309-330.
6. Colle, B. A., Y. Lin, S. Medina, and B. F. Smull, 2008: Orographic modification of convection and flow kinematics by the Oregon Coast Range and Cascades during IMPROVE-2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3894-3916.
7. Delnore, V. E., 1972: Diurnal variation of temperature and energy budget for the oceanic mixed layer during BOMEX. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 2, 239-247.
8. de Roode, S. R., and C. S. Bretherton, 2003: Mass-flux budgets of shallow cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 137-151.
9. Esteban, M. A., and Y. L. Chen, 2008: The impact of trade wind strength on precipitation over the windward side of the island of Hawaii. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 913-928.
10. Fuhrer, O., and C. Schär, 2005: Embedded cellular convection in moist flow past topography. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2810-2828.
11. Harrison, L. C., 1935: Dominica: A wet tropical human habitat. Econ. Geogr., 11, 62-76.
12. Holland, J. Z., and E. M. Rasmussen, 1973: Measurements of the atmospheric mass, energy, and momentum budgets over a 500-kilometer square of tropical ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 101, 44-55.
13. Kirshbaum, D. J., and D. R. Durran, 2005: Atmospheric factors governing banded orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3758-3774.
14. Kirshbaum, D. J., and R. B. Smith, 2008: Temperature and moist-stability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1183-1199.
15. Kirshbaum, D. J., and R. B. Smith, 2009: Orographic precipitation in the tropics: Large-eddy simulations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
16. Kuang, Z., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1895-1909.
17. Lang, D. M., 1967: Soil and land use surveys, No. 21: Dominica. Soil and Land Use Surveys, Trinidad: Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, 1-58.
18. Lewellen, D., W. Lewellen, and S. Yoh, 1996: Influence of Bowen ratio on boundary-layer cloud structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 175-187.
19. Rauber, R. M., and Coauthors, 2007: Rain in shallow cumulus over the ocean: The RICO campaign. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1912-1928.
20. Reed, W. W., 1926: Climatological data for the West Indian Islands. Mon. Wea. Rev., 54, 133-160.
21. Regina, E., 2007: Analyse de l'episode Dean a partir des données du radar du Diamant et des pluviometres. Direction Interrégionale Antilles-Guyane, Météo-France, 21 pp.
22. Rotunno, R., and R. A. Houze, 2007: Lessons on orographic precipitation from the mesoscale alpine programme. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 811-830.
23. Schär, C., and R. B. Smith, 1993: Shallow-water flow past isolated topography. Part I. Vorticity production and wake formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1373-1400.
24. Siebesma, A. P., and Coauthors, 2003: A large eddy simulation intercomparison study of shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1201-1219.
25. Smith, R. B., 2006: Progress on the theory of orographic precipitation. Special Paper 398: Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution, S. D. Willett et al., Eds., Geological Society of America, 1-16.
26. Smith, R. B., and Y.-L. Lin, 1982: The addition of heat to a stratified airstream with application to the dynamics of orographic rain. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 353-378.
27. Smith, R. B., and J. P. Evans, 2007: Orographic precipitation and water vapor fractionation over the southern Andes. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 3-19.
28. Smith, R. B., A. C. Gleason, P. A. Gluhosky, and V. Grubišić, 1997: The wake of St. Vincent. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 606-623.
29. Smith, R. B., Q. F. Jiang, M. G. Fearon, P. Tabary, M. Dorninger, J. D. Doyle, and R. Benoit, 2003: Orographic precipitation and air mass transformation: An Alpine example. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 433-454.
30. Smith, R. B., P. Schafer, D. Kirshbaum, and E. Regina, 2009: Orographic enhancement of precipitation inside Hurricane Dean. J. Hydrometeor., 10, 820-831.
31. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2001: Simulations of trade wind cumuli under a strong inversion. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1870-1891.
32. Taylor, M. A., D. B. Enfield, and A. A. Chen, 2002: Influence of the tropical Atlantic versus the tropical Pacific on Caribbean rainfall. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3127, doi:10.1029/2001JC001097.
33. Woodcock, A. H., 1960: The origin of trade-wind orographic shower rains. Tellus, 12, 315-326.
34. Yeh, H.-C., and Y.-L. Chen, 1998: Characteristics of rainfall distributions over Taiwan during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX). J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 1457-1469.