Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and trucut biopsy in gastroenterology - An overview

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 743-759

  Jenssen, Christian ^a   Dietrich, Christoph F ^b  

^a Klinik für Innere Medizin Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg Wriezen   (Germany)

^b CARITAS KRANKENHAUS   (Germany)

Author keywords

endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS FNA); endoscopic ultrasound guided trucut biopsy (EUS TCB); on site cytology; reproducibility; training

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PANCREATITIS; ARTICLE; ASPIRATION BIOPSY; BIOPSY TECHNIQUE; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CYTOPATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; ELASTOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; GASTROENTEROLOGY; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION; GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LIVER METASTASIS; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; PANCREAS TUMOR; QUALITY CONTROL; TRUCUT BIOPSY; VISCERAL METASTASIS;

BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL; ENDOSONOGRAPHY; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS; GASTROENTEROLOGY; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HUMANS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 69749106368     PISSN: 15216918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.05.006     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Vilmann P., Jacobsen G.K., Henriksen F.W., et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography with guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in pancreatic disease. Gastrointest Endosc 38 2 (1992) 172-173
2. Wiersema M.J., Hawes R.H., Tao L.C., et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography as an adjunct to fine needle aspiration cytology of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest Endosc 38 1 (1992) 35-39
3. Jenssen C., Moller K., Wagner S., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy: diagnostic yield, pitfalls, quality management. Part 1: optimizing specimen collection and diagnostic efficiency. Z Gastroenterol 46 6 (2008) 590-600
4. Jenssen C., Moller K., Wagner S., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy: diagnostic yield, pitfalls, quality management. Part 2: opportunities of differential diagnosis, pitfalls, and problem solution. Z Gastroenterol 46 9 (2008) 897-908
5. Jenssen C., Möller M., Sarbia M., et al. Endosonographische Biopsie (EUS-FNA, EUS-TCB) - Fallstricke, Probleme und Problemlösungen. In: Dietrich C.F. (Ed). Endosonographie. Lehrbuch und Atlas des endoskopischen Ultraschalls (2007), Thieme 87-140
6. Erickson R.A. EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 60 2 (2004) 267-279
7. Wiersema M.J., Levy M.J., Harewood G.C., et al. Initial experience with EUS-guided trucut needle biopsies of perigastric organs. Gastrointest Endosc 56 2 (2002) 275-278
8. Kien-Fong V.C., Chang F., Doig L., et al. A prospective control study of the safety and cellular yield of EUS-guided FNA or Trucut biopsy in patients taking aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or prophylactic low molecular weight heparin. Gastrointest Endosc 63 6 (2006) 808-813
9. Veitch A.M., Baglin T.P., Gershlick A.H., et al. Guidelines for the management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. Gut 57 9 (2008) 1322-1329
10. Adler D.G., Jacobson B.C., Davila R.E., et al. ASGE guideline: complications of EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 61 1 (2005) 8-12
11. Jenssen C., Mayr M., and Nürnberg D. Complications of endoscopic ultrasound: risk assessment and prevention. In: Dietrich C.F. (Ed). Endoscopic ultrasound. An introductory manual and atlas (2006), Thieme, Stuttgart, New York 87-97
12. Jenssen C., Faiss S., and Nurnberg D. Complications of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions - results of a survey among German centers. Z Gastroenterol 46 10 (2008) 1177-1184
13. Bournet B., Migueres I., Delacroix M., et al. Early morbidity of endoscopic ultrasound: 13 years' experience at a referral center. Endoscopy 38 4 (2006) 349-354
14. Mortensen M.B., Fristrup C., Holm F.S., et al. Prospective evaluation of patient tolerability, satisfaction with patient information, and complications in endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopy 37 2 (2005) 146-153
15. Al Haddad M., Wallace M.B., Woodward T.A., et al. The safety of fine-needle aspiration guided by endoscopic ultrasound: a prospective study. Endoscopy 40 3 (2008) 204-208
16. Williams D.B., Sahai A.V., Aabakken L., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy: a large single centre experience. Gut 44 5 (1999) 720-726
17. O'Toole D., Palazzo L., Arotcarena R., et al. Assessment of complications of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Gastrointest Endosc 53 4 (2001) 470-474
18. Wiersema M.J., Vilmann P., Giovannini M., et al. Endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: diagnostic accuracy and complication assessment. Gastroenterology 112 4 (1997) 1087-1095
19. Buscarini E., De Angelis C., Arcidiacono P.G., et al. Multicentre retrospective study on endoscopic ultrasound complications. Dig Liver Dis 38 10 (2006) 762-767
20. Barawi M., Gottlieb K., Cunha B., et al. A prospective evaluation of the incidence of bacteremia associated with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Gastrointest Endosc 53 2 (2001) 189-192
21. Janssen J., Konig K., Knop-Hammad V., et al. Frequency of bacteremia after linear EUS of the upper GI tract with and without FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 59 3 (2004) 339-344
22. Levy M.J., Norton I.D., Wiersema M.J., et al. Prospective risk assessment of bacteremia and other infectious complications in patients undergoing EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 57 6 (2003) 672-678
23. Aerts J.G., Kloover J., Los J., et al. EUS-FNA of enlarged necrotic lymph nodes may cause infectious mediastinitis. J Thorac Oncol 3 10 (2008) 1191-1193
24. Will U., Meyer F., and Bosseckert H. Successful endoscopic management of iatrogenic mediastinal infection and subsequent esophagomediastinal fistula, following endosonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Endoscopy 37 1 (2005) 88-90
25. Grandval P., Picon M., Coste P., et al. Infection of submucosal tumor after endosonography-guided needle biopsy. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 23 5 (1999) 566-568
26. Dewitt J., Al Haddad M., Fogel E., et al. Endoscopic transduodenal drainage of an abscess arising after EUS-FNA of a duodenal GI stromal tumor. Gastrointest Endosc 70 1 (2009) 185-188
27. Levy M.J., Norton I.D., Clain J.E., et al. Prospective study of bacteremia and complications With EUS FNA of rectal and perirectal lesions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 6 (2007) 684-689
28. Sailer M., Bussen D., Fein M., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsies of pelvic tumors. J Gastrointest Surg 6 3 (2002) 342-346
29. Sasaki Y., Niwa Y., Hirooka Y., et al. The use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for investigation of submucosal and extrinsic masses of the colon and rectum. Endoscopy 37 2 (2005) 154-160
30. Eloubeidi M.A., Gress F.G., Savides T.J., et al. Acute pancreatitis after EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a pooled analysis from EUS centers in the United States. Gastrointest Endosc 60 3 (2004) 385-389
31. Affi A., Vazquez-Sequeiros E., Norton I.D., et al. Acute extraluminal hemorrhage associated with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration: frequency and clinical significance. Gastrointest Endosc 53 2 (2001) 221-225
32. Voss M., Hammel P., Molas G., et al. Value of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. Gut 46 2 (2000) 244-249
33. Varadarajulu S., and Eloubeidi M.A. Frequency and significance of acute intracystic hemorrhage during EUS-FNA of cystic lesions of the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 60 4 (2004) 631-635
34. Gress F.G., Hawes R.H., Savides T.J., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy using linear array and radial scanning endosonography. Gastrointest Endosc 45 3 (1997) 243-250
35. Ernst A., Eberhardt R., Wahidi M., et al. Effect of routine clopidogrel use on bleeding complications after transbronchial biopsy in humans. Chest 129 3 (2006) 734-737
36. Doi S., Yasuda I., Iwashita T., et al. Needle tract implantation on the esophageal wall after EUS-guided FNA of metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Gastrointest Endosc 67 6 (2008) 988-990
37. Shah J.N., Fraker D., Guerry D., et al. Melanoma seeding of an EUS-guided fine needle track. Gastrointest Endosc 59 7 (2004) 923-924
38. Paquin S.C., Gariepy G., Lepanto L., et al. A first report of tumor seeding because of EUS-guided FNA of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 61 4 (2005) 610-611
39. Hirooka Y., Goto H., Itoh A., et al. Case of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor in which endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy caused dissemination. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 11 (2003) 1323-1324
40. Micames C., Jowell P.S., White R., et al. Lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA vs. percutaneous FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 58 5 (2003) 690-695
41. Sudholt H.W., and Vilman P. EUS-guided biopsy: equipment and technique. In: Dietrich C.F. (Ed). Endoscopic ultrasound. An introductory manual and Atlas (2006), Thieme, Stuttgart, New York 71-81
42. Hawes R.H., and Matsuda K. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy under endosonography. Dig Endosc 13 (2001) 69-76
43. Hahn M., and Faigel D.O. Frequency of mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients undergoing EUS evaluation of pancreaticobiliary masses. Gastrointest Endosc 54 3 (2001) 331-335
44. Nguyen P.T., and Chang K.J. EUS in the detection of ascites and EUS-guided paracentesis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 54 3 (2001) 336-339
45. Prasad P., Schmulewitz N., Patel A., et al. Detection of occult liver metastases during EUS for staging of malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc 59 1 (2004) 49-53
46. Eloubeidi M.A., Iseman D.T., Chen V.K., et al. Prevalence and significance of periduodenal venous collaterals in patients evaluated for pancreaticobiliary disorders by endosonography. Endoscopy 35 12 (2003) 1015-1019
47. Dietrich C.F., Jenssen C., Allescher H.D., et al. Differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions using endoscopic ultrasound. Z Gastroenterol 46 6 (2008) 601-617
48. Al Haddad M., Raimondo M., Woodward T., et al. Safety and efficacy of cytology brushings versus standard FNA in evaluating cystic lesions of the pancreas: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 65 6 (2007) 894-898
49. Möller K, Papanikolaou IS, Toermer T, et-al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid pancreatic masses: high yield of two passes with combined histologic-cytologic analysis. Gastrointest Endosc, 2009;70(1):60-9.
50. Takahashi K., Yamao K., Okubo K., et al. Differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and focal pancreatitis by using EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 61 1 (2005) 76-79
51. Iglesias-Garcia J., Dominguez-Munoz E., Lozano-Leon A., et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of pancreatic masses. World J Gastroenterol 13 2 (2007) 289-293
52. Sudhoff T., Hollerbach S., Wilhelms I., et al. Clinical utility of EUS-FNA in upper gastrointestinal and mediastinal disease. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 129 42 (2004) 2227-2232
53. Niehaus J., Burmester E., Rode M., et al. EUS-FNA: a prospective study for the evaluation of the histological and cytological material. (abstract). Gastrointest Endosc 63 5 (2006) AB275
54. Aithal G.P., Anagnostopoulos G.K., Tam W., et al. EUS-guided tissue sampling: comparison of "dual sampling" (Trucut biopsy plus FNA) with "sequential sampling" (Trucut biopsy and then FNA as required). Endoscopy 39 8 (2007) 725-730
55. Wittmann J., Kocjan G., Sgouros S.N., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling by combined fine needle aspiration and trucut needle biopsy: a prospective study. Cytopathology 17 1 (2006) 27-33
56. Shah S.M., Ribeiro A., Levi J., et al. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with and without trucut biopsy of pancreatic masses. JOP 9 4 (2008) 422-430
57. Storch I., Shah M., Thurer R., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and trucut biopsy in thoracic lesions: when tissue is the issue. Surg Endosc 22 1 (2008) 86-90
58. Storch I., Jorda M., Thurer R., et al. Advantage of EUS Trucut biopsy combined with fine-needle aspiration without immediate on-site cytopathologic examination. Gastrointest Endosc 64 4 (2006) 505-511
59. Saftoiu A., Vilmann P., Guldhammer S.B., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut biopsy adds significant information to EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in selected patients: a prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol 42 1 (2007) 117-125
60. Varadarajulu S., Fraig M., Schmulewitz N., et al. Comparison of EUS-guided 19-gauge Trucut needle biopsy with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Endoscopy 36 5 (2004) 397-401
61. Saftoiu A., Vilmann P., Hassan H., et al. Analysis of endoscopic ultrasound elastography used for characterisation and differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Ultraschall Med 27 6 (2006) 535-542
62. Janssen J., Dietrich C.F., Will U., et al. Endosonographic elastography in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes. Endoscopy 39 11 (2007) 952-957
63. Hirche T.O., Ignee A., Barreiros A.P., et al. Indications and limitations of endoscopic ultrasound elastography for evaluation of focal pancreatic lesions. Endoscopy 40 11 (2008) 910-917
64. Dietrich C.F., Ignee A., Braden B., et al. Improved differentiation of pancreatic tumors using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6 5 (2008) 590-597
65. Hocke M., Schulze E., Gottschalk P., et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 12 2 (2006) 246-250
66. Hocke M., Ignee A., Topalidis T., et al. Contrast-enhanced endosonographic Doppler spectrum analysis is helpful in discrimination between focal chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 35 3 (2007) 286-288
67. Schmidt J., Ryschich E., Daniel V., et al. Vascular structure and microcirculation of experimental pancreatic carcinoma in rats. Eur J Surg 166 4 (2000) 328-335
68. Jhala N.C., Jhala D., Eltoum I., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a powerful tool to obtain samples from small lesions. Cancer 102 4 (2004) 239-246
69. Giovannini M., Seitz J.F., Monges G., et al. Fine-needle aspiration cytology guided by endoscopic ultrasonography: results in 141 patients. Endoscopy 27 2 (1995) 171-177
70. Eloubeidi M.A., Wallace M.B., Reed C.E., et al. The utility of EUS and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration in detecting celiac lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer: a single-center experience. Gastrointest. Endosc. 54 6 (2001) 714-719
71. Fritscher-Ravens A., Brand L., Knofel W.T., et al. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for focal pancreatic lesions in patients with normal parenchyma and chronic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 97 11 (2002) 2768-2775
72. Meara R.S., Jhala D., Eloubeidi M.A., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: analysis of 53 cases. Cytopathology 17 1 (2006) 42-49
73. Varadarajulu S., Tamhane A., and Eloubeidi M.A. Yield of EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic masses in the presence or the absence of chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 62 5 (2005) 728-736
74. Storch I.M., Sussman D.A., Jorda M., et al. Evaluation of fine needle aspiration vs. fine needle capillary sampling on specimen quality and diagnostic accuracy in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy. Acta Cytol 51 6 (2007) 837-842
75. Puri R., Vilmann P., Saftoiu A., et al. Randomized controlled trial of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle sampling with or without suction for better cytological diagnosis. Scand J Gastroenterol (2008) 1-6
76. Nguyen T.T.H., Lee C.E., Whang C.S., et al. A comparison of the diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy between 22 and 25 Gauge needles for endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of solid pancreatic lesions (SPL): Is bigger better?. (abstract). Gastrointest Endosc 67 5 (2008) AB100
77. Sakamoto H., Kitano M., Komaki T., et al. Prospective comparative study of the EUS guided 25-gauge FNA needle with the 19-gauge Trucut needle and 22-gauge FNA needle in patients with solid pancreatic masses. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 24 3 (2009) 384-390
78. Gines A., Wiersema M.J., Clain J.E., et al. Prospective study of a Trucut needle for performing EUS-guided biopsy with EUS-guided FNA rescue. Gastrointest Endosc 62 4 (2005) 597-601
79. Itoi T., Itokawa F., Sofuni A., et al. Puncture of solid pancreatic tumors guided by endoscopic ultrasonography: a pilot study series comparing trucut and 19-gauge and 22-gauge aspiration needles. Endoscopy 37 4 (2005) 362-366
80. Erickson R.A., Sayage-Rabie L., and Beissner R.S. Factors predicting the number of EUS-guided fine-needle passes for diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc 51 2 (2000) 184-190
81. Klapman J.B., Logrono R., Dye C.E., et al. Clinical impact of on-site cytopathology interpretation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Am J Gastroenterol 98 6 (2003) 1289-1294
82. Eloubeidi M.A., Tamhane A., Jhala N., et al. Agreement between rapid onsite and final cytologic interpretations of EUS-guided FNA specimens: implications for the endosonographer and patient management. Am J Gastroenterol 101 12 (2006) 2841-2847
83. Woon C., Bardales R.H., Stanley M.W., et al. Rapid assessment of fine needle aspiration and the final diagnosis - how often and why the diagnoses are changed. CytoJournal 3 (2006) 25
84. Eloubeidi M.A., and Tamhane A. EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a learning curve with 300 consecutive procedures. Gastrointest Endosc 61 6 (2005) 700-708
85. Mertz H., and Gautam S. The learning curve for EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest. Endosc. 59 1 (2004) 33-37
86. Eisen G.M., Dominitz J.A., Faigel D.O., et al. Guidelines for credentialing and granting privileges for endoscopic ultrasound. Gastrointest Endosc 54 6 (2001) 811-814
87. Stelow E.B., Bardales R.H., and Stanley M.W. Pitfalls in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and how to avoid them. Adv Anat Pathol 12 2 (2005) 62-73
88. Skov B.G., Baandrup U., Jakobsen G.K., et al. Cytopathologic diagnoses of fine-needle aspirations from endoscopic ultrasound of the mediastinum: reproducibility of the diagnoses and representativeness of aspirates from lymph nodes. Cancer 111 4 (2007) 234-241
89. Noh K.W., Raimondo M., Woodward T.A., et al. Eliminating the "non-diagnostic" EUS-FNA specimen: effect of a quality improvement program on cytologic interpretation. (abstract). Gastrointest Endosc 61 5 (2005) AB295
90. Eltoum I.A., Chhieng D.C., Jhala D., et al. Cumulative sum procedure in evaluation of EUS-guided FNA cytology: the learning curve and diagnostic performance beyond sensitivity and specificity. Cytopathology 18 3 (2007) 143-150
91. Kulesza P., and Eltoum I.A. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: sampling, pitfalls, and quality management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 11 (2007) 1248-1254
92. Annema J.T., Versteegh M.I., Veselic M., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound added to mediastinoscopy for preoperative staging of patients with lung cancer. JAMA 294 8 (2005) 931-936
93. Gleeson F.C., Clayton A.C., Halling K.C., et al. The "true false positive" rate: correlation of EUS-FNA findings in patients undergoing direct surgical intervention. (abstract). Gastrointest Endosc 67 5 (2008) AB199
94. Levy M.J., Campion M.B., Caudill J.L., et al. Prospective cytologic assessment of gastrointestinal luminal fluid acquired during EUS: potential source of false positive FNA and needle tract seeding. (abstract). Gastrointest. Endosc. 67 5 (2008) AB205
95. Attasaranya S., Pais S., LeBlanc J., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and cyst fluid analysis for pancreatic cysts. JOP 8 5 (2007) 553-563
96. Brugge W.R., Lewandrowski K., Lee-Lewandrowski E., et al. Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study. Gastroenterology 126 5 (2004) 1330-1336
97. Khalid A., Zahid M., Finkelstein S.D., et al. Pancreatic cyst fluid DNA analysis in evaluating pancreatic cysts: a report of the PANDA study. Gastrointest Endosc 69 6 (2009) 1095-1102
98. Jenssen C., and Dietrich C.F. Endoscopic ultrasound of gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions. Ultraschall Med 29 3 (2008) 236-256
99. Stelow E.B., Murad F.M., Debol S.M., et al. A limited immunocytochemical panel for the distinction of subepithelial gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms sampled by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Am J Clin Pathol 129 2 (2008) 219-225
100. Eloubeidi M.A., Tamhane A., Varadarajulu S., et al. Frequency of major complications after EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a prospective evaluation. Gastrointest Endosc 63 4 (2006) 622-629
101. Savides T.J., Donohue M., Hunt G., et al. EUS-guided FNA diagnostic yield of malignancy in solid pancreatic masses: a benchmark for quality performance measurement. Gastrointest Endosc 66 2 (2007) 277-282
102. Fritscher-Ravens A., Izbicki J.R., Sriram P.V., et al. Endosonography-guided, fine-needle aspiration cytology extending the indication for organ-preserving pancreatic surgery. Am J Gastroenterol 95 9 (2000) 2255-2260
103. Dietrich C.F., Braden B., Hocke M., et al. Improved characterisation of solitary solid pancreatic tumours using contrast enhanced transabdominal ultrasound. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 134 6 (2008) 635-643
104. Polkowski M. Endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for the diagnosis of malignant submucosal tumors. Endoscopy 37 7 (2005) 635-645
105. Akahoshi K., Sumida Y., Matsui N., et al. Preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. World J Gastroenterol 13 14 (2007) 2077-2082
106. Ando N., Goto H., Niwa Y., et al. The diagnosis of GI stromal tumors with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with immunohistochemical analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 55 1 (2002) 37-43
107. Gomes A.L., Bardales R.H., Milanezi F., et al. Molecular analysis of c-Kit and PDGFRA in GISTs diagnosed by EUS. Am J Clin Pathol 127 1 (2007) 89-96
108. van Vliet E.P., Heijenbrok-Kal M.H., Hunink M.G., et al. Staging investigations for oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 98 3 (2008) 547-557
109. Puli S.R., Reddy J.B., Bechtold M.L., et al. Staging accuracy of esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasound: a meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 14 10 (2008) 1479-1490
110. Chang K.J., Soetikno R.M., Bastas D., et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasound combined with fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the management of esophageal cancer. Endoscopy 35 11 (2003) 962-966
111. Harewood G.C., and Kumar K.S. Assessment of clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound on esophageal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19 4 (2004) 433-439
112. Marsman W.A., Brink M.A., Bergman J.J., et al. Potential impact of EUS-FNA staging of proximal lymph nodes in patients with distal esophageal carcinoma. Endoscopy 38 8 (2006) 825-829
113. McGrath K., Brody D., Luketich J., et al. Detection of unsuspected left hepatic lobe metastases during EUS staging of cancer of the esophagus and cardia. Am J Gastroenterol 101 8 (2006) 1742-1746