Get a taste of your goals: Promoting motive-goal congruence through affect-focus goal fantasy

Journal of Personality

Volumn 77, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1527-1560

  Job, Veronika ^a   Brandstätter, Veronika ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 69749088570     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: 14676494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00591.x     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Aiken, L. S. West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
2. Ajzen, I. (1985). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179 211.
3. Atkinson, J. W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risktaking behavior. Psychological Review, 64, 359 372.
4. Austin, J. T. Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 338 375.
5. Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existance. Chicago : Rand McNally.
6. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York : W. H. Freeman.
7. Baumann, N., Kaschel, R. Kuhl, J. (2005). Striving for unwanted goals: Stress-dependent discrepancies between explicit and implicit achievement motives reduce subjective well-being and increase psychosomatic symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 781 799.
8. Brunstein, J. C. (1993). Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061 1070.
9. Brunstein, J. C. (2001). Persönliche Ziele und Handlungs- versus Lageorientierung. Wer bindet sich an realistische und bedürfniskongruente Ziele? [Personal goals and action versus state orientation: Who builds a commitment to realistic and need-congruent goals?]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 22, 1 12.
10. Brunstein, J. C., Schultheiss, O. C. Grässmann, R. (1998). Personal goals and emotional well-being: The moderating role of motive dispositions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 494 508.
11. Carver, C. S. Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York : Cambridge University Press.
12. Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37 46.
13. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 15, 41 63.
14. Decety, J. (2002). Is there such a thing as functional equivalence between imagined, observed, and executed action? Cambridge studies in cognitive perceptual development. In A. N. Meltzoff W. Prinz (Eds.), The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases (pp. 291 310). New York : Cambridge University Press.
15. Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 169 200.
16. Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. New York : Times Books.
17. Ekman, P. Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 124 129.
18. Elliot, A. J., Sheldon, K. M. Church, M. A. (1997). Avoidance personal goals and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 915 927.
19. Emmons, R. A. (1986). Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1058 1068.
20. Emmons, R. A. McAdams, D. P. (1991). Personal strivings and motive dispositions: Exploring the links. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 648 654.
21. Feather, N. T. (Ed.) 1982). Expectations and actions: Expectancy-value models in psychology. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
22. Grezes, J. Decety, J. (2001). Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: A meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 12, 1 19.
23. Heckhausen, H. (1991). Motivation and action. New York : Springer.
24. Hofer, J., Busch, H., Chasiotis, A. Kiessling, F. (2006). Motive congruence and interpersonal identity status. Journal of Personality, 74, 511 541.
25. Hofer, J. Chasiotis, A. (2003). Congruence of life goals and implicit motives as predictors of life satisfaction: Cross-cultural implications of a study of Zambian male dolescents. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 251 272.
26. Izard, C. E. (1992). Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations. Psychological Review, 99, 561 565.
27. Kasser, T. Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 410 422.
28. King, L. A. (1995). Wishes, motives, goals, and personal memories: Relations of measures of human motivation. Journal of Personality, 63, 985 1007.
29. Langens, T. A. (2002). Tagträume, anliegen und motivation [Daydreams, strivings, and motivation]. Göttingen, Germany : Hogrefe.
30. Langens, T. A. Schmalt, H.-D. (2002). Emotional consequences of positive daydreaming: The moderating role of fear of failure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1725 1735.
31. Locke, E. A. Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
32. McClelland, D. C. (1975). Power. The inner experience. New York : Irvington Publishers.
33. McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation. Glenview, IL : Scott, Foresman.
34. McClelland, D. C., Koestner, R. Weinberger, J. (1989). How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ? Psychological Review, 96, 690 702.
35. McClelland, D. C. Pilon, D. A. (1983). Sources of adult motives in patterns of parent behavior in early childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 564 574.
36. Michalak, J. Grosse Holtforth, M. (2006). Where do we go from here? The goal perspective in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13, 346 365.
37. Michalak, J., Püschel, O., Joormann, J. Schulte, D. (2006). Implicit motives and explicit goals: Two distinctive modes of motivational functioning and their relations to clinical symptoms. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 81 96.
38. Miller, L. C., Murphy, R. Buss, A. H. (1981). Consciousness of body: Private and public. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 397 406.
39. Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic Apperceptive Test manual. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
40. O'Connor, B. P. (1998). All-in-one programs for exploring interactions in moderated multiple regression. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58, 833 837.
41. Oettingen, G. (1996). Positive fantasy and motivation. In P. M. Gollwitzer J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 236 259). New York : Guilford Press.
42. Oettingen, G. (1999). Free fantasies about the future and the emergence of developmental goals. In J. Brandstädter R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Action and self-development: Theory and research through the life span (pp. 315 342). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
43. Oettingen, G. (2000). Expectancy effects on behavior depend on self-regulatory thought. Social Cognition, 18, 101 129.
44. Oettingen, G. Gollwitzer, P. M. (2004). Goal setting and goal striving. In M. B. Brewer M. Hewstone (Eds.), Emotion and motivation (pp. 165 183). Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing.
45. Oettingen, G. Mayer, D. (2002). The moderating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1198 1212.
46. Oettingen, G., Pak, H. Schnetter, K. (2001). Self-regulation of goal-setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 736 753.
47. Pervin, L. A. (Ed.) 1989). Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
48. Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion. A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York : Harper & Row.
49. Schneider, K. Schmalt, H.-D. (2000). Motivation. Stuttgart, Germany : Kohlhammer.
50. Schultheiss, O. C. (2008). Implicit motives. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 603 633). New York : Guilford Press.
51. Schultheiss, O. C. Brunstein, J. C. (1999). Goal imagery: Bridging the gap between implicit motives and explicit goals. Journal of Personality, 67, 1 38.
52. Schultheiss, O. C. Brunstein, J. C. (2001). Assessment of implicit motives with a research version of the TAT: Picture profiles, gender differences, and relations to other personality measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 71 86.
53. Schultheiss, O. C., Jones, N. M., Davis, A. Q. Kley, C. (2008). The role of implicit motivation in hot and cold goal pursuit: Effects on goal progress, goal rumination, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 971 987.
54. Smith, C. P. (1992). Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press.
55. Smith, C. P., Feld, S. C. Franz, C. E. (1992). Methodological considerations: Step in research employing content analysis systems. In C. P. Smith (Ed.), Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis (pp. 515 536). Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press.
56. Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 526 537.
57. Taylor, S. E. Pham, L. B. (1996). Mental simulation, motivation, and action. In P. M. Gollwitzer J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 219 235). New York : Guilford Press.
58. Thrash, T. M. Elliot, A. J. (2002). Implicit and self-attributed achievement motives: Concordance and predictive validity. Journal of Personality, 70, 729 755.
59. Thrash, T. M., Elliot, A. J. Schultheiss, O. C. (2007). Methodological and dispositional predictors of congruence between implicit and explicit need for achievement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 961 974.
60. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York : Wiley.
61. Weinberger, J. McClelland, D. C. (1990). Cognitive versus traditional motivational models? Irreconcilable or complementary? In E. T. Higgins R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 562 597). New York : Guilford.
62. Winter, D. G. (1991). Manual for scoring motive imagery in running text. Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.
63. Woike, B., Lavezzary, E. Barsky, J. (2001). The influence of implicit motives on memory processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 935 945.
64. Zurbriggen, E. L. Sturman, T. S. (2002). Linking motives and emotions: A test of McClelland's hypotheses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 521 535.