CD4+ response and subsequent risk of death among patients on antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 125-131

  Chi, Benjamin H ^a,b,d   Giganti, Mark ^a,b   Mulenga, Priscilla L ^a   Limbada, Mohammed ^a   Reid, Stewart E ^a,b   Mutale, Wilbroad ^c   Stringer, Jeffrey S A ^a,b  

^a CENTRE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE RESEARCH IN ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

^d NONE   (Zambia)

Author keywords

CD4+ cell count; HIV; Immunologic response; Mortality; Sub Saharan Africa; Treatment failure; Zambia

Indexed keywords

EFAVIRENZ; EMTRICITABINE; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ZAMBIA;

ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; ZAMBIA;

EID: 69549138403     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ab6d8b     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Stringer JS, Zulu I, Levy J, et al. Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in Zambia: feasibility and early outcomes. JAMA. 2006;296:782-793. (Pubitemid 44223102)
2. Ferradini L, Jeannin A, Pinoges L, et al. Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment. Lancet. 2006;367:1335-1342.
3. Wools-Kaloustian K, Kimaiyo S, Diero L, et al. Viability and effectiveness of large-scale HIV treatment initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa: experience from western Kenya. AIDS. 2006;20:41-48. (Pubitemid 41818113)
4. Akileswaran C, Lurie MN, Flanigan TP, et al. Lessons learned from use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:376-385. (Pubitemid 41022117)
5. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Adults and Adolescents in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006.
6. Pujades-Rodriguez M, O'Brien D, Humblet P, et al. Second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: the experience of Medecins Sans Frontieres. AIDS. 2008;22:1305-1312.
7. Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Cantrell RA, et al. Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in Zambia. JAMA. 2007;298:1888-1899. (Pubitemid 350005233)
8. Goldman JD, Cantrell RA, Mulenga LB, et al. Simple adherence assessments to predict virologic failure among HIV-infected adults with discordant immunologic and clinical responses to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008;24:1031-1035.
9. Chi BH, Cantrell RA, Zulu I, et al. Adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy affects non-virologic outcomes among patients on treatment for greater than 12 months in Lusaka, Zambia. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38:746-756.
10. Nash D, Katyal M, Brinkhof MW, et al. Long-term immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. AIDS. 2008;22:2291-2302.
11. Moore DM, Hogg RS, Chan K, et al. Disease progression in patients with virological suppression in response to HAART is associated with the degree of immunological response. AIDS. 2006;20:371-377.
12. Binquet C, Chene G, Jacqmin-Gadda H, et al. Modeling changes in CD4-positive T-lymphocyte counts after the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the relation with risk of opportunistic infections: the Aquitaine Cohort, 1996-1997. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:386-393. (Pubitemid 32144565)
13. Chene G, Sterne JA, May M, et al. Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of prospective studies. Lancet. 2003;362:679-686.
14. Piketty C, Weiss L, Thomas F, et al. Long-term clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immunologic and virologic responses to a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:1328-1335. (Pubitemid 32337114)
15. Anastos K, Barron Y, Cohen MH, et al. The prognostic importance of changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level in women after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:256-264. (Pubitemid 38200533)
16. Reynolds SJ, Nakigozi G, Newell K, et al. Failure of immunologic criteria to appropriately identify antiretroviral treatment failure in Uganda. AIDS. 2009;23:697-700.
17. Bisson GP, Gross R, Strom JB, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CD4 cell count increase for virologic response after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2006;20:1613-1619. (Pubitemid 44162403)
18. Mee P, Fielding KL, Charalambous S, et al. Evaluation of the WHO criteria for antiretroviral treatment failure among adults in South Africa. AIDS. 2008;22:1971-1977.
19. Badri M, Lawn SD, Wood R. Utility of CD4 cell counts for early prediction of virological failure during antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:89. (Pubitemid 352025050)
20. Moore DM, Awor A, Downing R, et al. CD4+ T-cell count monitoring does not accurately identify HIV-infected adults with virologic failure receiving antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:477-484.
21. Orrell C, Harling G, Lawn SD, et al. Conservation of first-line antiretroviral treatment regimen where therapeutic options are limited. Antivir Ther. 2007;12:83-88. (Pubitemid 46340429)
22. Rosen S, Fox MP, Gill CJ. Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e298. (Pubitemid 350035458)