Effects of dietary milk thistle on blood parameters, liver pathology, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in white carneaux pigeons (Columba livid) challenged with B1 aflatoxin

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 114-124

  Grizzle, Judith ^a   Hadley, Tarah L ^a,c   Rotstein, David S ^a   Perrin, Shannon L ^a   Gerhardt, Lillian E ^a   Beam, James D ^a   Saxton, Arnold M ^a   Jones, Michael P ^a   Daniel, Gregory B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA MARYLAND REGIONAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Atlanta Hospital for Birds and Exotics Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Aflatoxin; Avian; Bile acids; Columba livia; Histology; Liver enzymes; Milk thistle; Pigeon; Scintigraphy; Silymarin

Indexed keywords

AVES; COLUMBA; COLUMBA LIVIA; SILYBUM MARIANUM;

EID: 69549085120     PISSN: 10826742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1647/2008-020.1     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Leeson S, Diaz GJ, Summers JD. Trichothecenes. In: Poultry Metabolic Disorders and Mycotoxins. Guelph, ON: University Books; 1995:190-226.
2. Prelusky DB, Rotter BA, Rotter RG. Toxicology of mycotoxins. In: Miller JD, Trenholm HL, Trenholm L, eds. Mycotoxins in Grain: Compounds other than Aflatoxins. St Paul, MN: Eagan Press; 1994:359-1105
3. Kollias GV. Liver biopsy techniques in avian clinical practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1984;14:287-298.
4. Campbell TW. Mycotic diseases. In: Harrison GJ, Harrison LR, eds. Clinical Avian Medicine and Surgery, Including Aviculture. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1986:464-471.
5. Dumonceaux G, Harrison G. Toxins. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR, eds. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Lake Worth, FL: Wingers; 1994:1030-1052.
6. Barton CC, Hill DA, Yee SB, et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide exposure augments aflatoxin Bl-induced liver injury. Toxicol Sci. 2000;55: 444-452.
7. Schroeder EC, Nair KPC, Cardeilhac PT. Response of broiler chicks to a single dose aflatoxin. Poult Sci. 1972;51:1552-1556.
8. Hoefer HL. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Altman RB, Clubb SL, Dorrestein GM, Quesenberry K, eds. Avian Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1997:419-453.
9. Lumeij JT, Meidam M, Wolfswinkel J, et al. Changes in plasma chemistry after drug-induced liver disease or muscle necrosis in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Avian Pathol. 1988; 17: 865-874.
10. Fudge AM. Avian liver and gastrointestinal testing. In: Fudge AM, ed. Laboratory Medicine: Avian and Exotic Pets. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2000:47-55.
11. Bintvihok A, Kositcharoenkul S. Effect of dietary calcium propionate on performance, hepatic enzyme activities and aflatoxin residues in broilers fed a diet containing low levels of aflatoxin Bl. Toxicon. 2006;47(l):41-46.
12. Madheswaran R, Balachandran C, Murali-Mano- har B. Influence of dietary culture material containing aflatoxin and T-2 toxin on certain serum biochemical constituents in Japanese quail. Mycopathologia. 2004; 158:337-341.
13. Campbell TW. Selected blood biochemical tests used to detect the presence of hepatic disease in birds. Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet. 1986: 43-51.
14. Daniel GB, Bahr A, Dykes JA, et al. Hepatic extraction efficiency and excretion rate of technetium-99m-mebrofenin in dogs. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1846-1849.
15. Krishnamurthy S, Krishnamurthy GT. Techne- tium-99m-iminodiacetic acid organic anions: review of biokinetics and clinical application in hepatology. Hepatology. 1989;9:139-153.
16. Hadley TL, Daniel GB, Rotstein DS, et al. Evaluation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy as an indicator of hepatic function in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) before and after exposure to ethylene glycol. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2007;48: 155-162.
17. Mills S, Bone K. Materia medica. In: Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:261, 553-562.
18. Poppenga RH. Risks associated with the use of herbs and other dietary supplements. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2001 ;17:455-1177
19. Huie CW. A review of modern sample-preparation techniques for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2002;373: 23-30.
20. Cutter CN. Antimicrobial effect of herb extracts against Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium associated with beef. J Food Prot. 2000;63:601-607.
21. Luper S. A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part I. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3: 410-1121
22. Magliulo E, Carosi PG, Minoli L, Gorini S. Studies on the regenerative capacity of the liver in rats subjected to partial hepatectomy and treated with silymarin. Arzneimittelforschung. 1973;23: 161-167.
23. Kiruthiga PV, Shafreen RB, Pandian SK, Devi KP. Silymarin protection against major reactive oxygen species released by environmental toxins: exogenous H202 exposure in erythrocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;100:414-419.
24. Hruby K, Fuhrmann M, Csomos G, Thaler H. Pharmacotherapy of Amanita phalloides poisoning using silybin. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1983;95: 225-231. (Pubitemid 13161633)
25. Tamayo C, Diamond S. Review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.). Integrative Cancer Ther. 2007;6:146-157.
26. Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases-a systematic Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2583-2591.
27. Seeff LB, Curto TM, Szabo G, et al. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis (HALT-C) trial. Hepatology. 2008;47:605-612.
28. Tanamly MD, Tadros F, Labeeb S, et al. Randomised double-blinded trial evaluating silymarin for chronic hepatitis C in an Egyptian village: study description and 12-month results. Dig Liver Dis. 2004;36:752-759.
29. Strickland GT, Tanamly MD, Tadros F, et al. Two-year results of a randomised double-blinded trial evaluating silymarin for chronic hepatitis C. Dig Liver Dis. 2005;37:542-543.
30. Ramasamy K, Agarwal R. Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Lett. 2008;269: 352-362.
31. Schroder FH, Roobol MJ, Boeve ER, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in men with prostate cancer and rising PSA: effectiveness of a dietary supplement. Eur Urol. 2005;48:922-930.
32. Hadley TL, Grizzle J, Rotstein DS, et al. Acute aflatoxin poisoning in pigeons. Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet. 2007:109-111.
33. Daniel GB, DeNovo RC, Bahr A, Smith GT. Evaluation of heart time activity curves as a predictor of hepatic extraction of 99mTc-mebrofe-nin in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2001;42: 162-168.
34. Randall CJ, Reece RL. Liver. Color Atlas of Avian Histopathology. London, England: Mosby-Wolf; 1996:75-100.
35. Tedesco D, Steidler S, Galletti S, et al. Efficacy of silymarin-phospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin Bl in broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 2004;83:1839-1843.
36. Preetha SP, Kanniappan M, Selvakumar E, et al. Lupeol ameliorates aflatoxin Bl-induced peroxidative hepatic damage in rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006; 143:333-339.
37. LaFarge C, Frayssinet C. The reversibility of inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis induced by aflatoxin in rat liver. Int J Cancer. 1970;6: 74-81.
38. Sarasin A, Moule Y. Translational step inhibited in vivo by aflatoxin Bl in rat-liver polysomes. Eur J Biochem. 1975;54:329-340.
39. Pradhan SC, Girish C. Hepatoprotective herbal drug, silymarin from experimental pharmacology to clinical medicine. Indian J Med Res. 2006; 124:491-504.
40. Campbell TW, Ellis CK. Hematology of birds. In: Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology. Ames, IA: Blackwell; 2007:1-50.
41. Fudge AM, Joseph V. Disorders of avian leukocytes. In: Fudge AM, ed. Laboratory Medicine: Avian and Exotic Pets. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2000:19-27.
42. Campbell TW, Ellis CK. Appendix B. Hematologic values. In: Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology. Ames, IA: Blackwell; 2007:245-250.
43. Krautwald-Junghanns M. Aids to diagnosis. In: Coles BH, ed. Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery. 3rd ed. Ames, IA: Blackwell; 2007:56-102.
44. Baetz AL, McLoughlin ME. Serum concentration of bile acids in guinea pigs as an indicator of liver damage caused by aflatoxins. Am J Vet Res. 1983;44:1971-1972.
45. Lumeij J. A Contribution to Clinical Investigative Methods for Birds with Special Reference to the Racing Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) [doctoral thesis]. Utrecht, NL: The University of Utrecht; 1987.
46. Sturkie PD, Griminger P. Body fluids: blood. In: Sturkie PD, ed. Avian Physiology. 4th ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1986:102-129.
47. Lumeij JT. Avian clinical biochemistry. In: Ka- neko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, eds. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 7th ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1997:857-884.
48. Lumeij JT. Appendix. Hematology and biochemistry: Columbiformes. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR, eds. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Lake Worth, FL: Wingers; 1994:1339-1340.