Antidepressant use during pregnancy: Current controversies and treatment strategies

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 469-482

  Payne, Jennifer L ^a   Meltzer Brody, Samantha ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antidepressants; Depression; Neonatal withdrawal syndrome; PPHN; Pregnancy; Safety

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CITALOPRAM; DESIPRAMINE; DULOXETINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; IMIPRAMINE; MIRTAZAPINE; NORTRIPTYLINE; PAROXETINE; PHENELZINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VENLAFAXINE;

DEPRESSION; DRUG SAFETY; FETUS RISK; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MATERNAL DISEASE; PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; PREMATURITY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REVIEW; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

BREAST FEEDING; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMANS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 69449092488     PISSN: 00099201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181b52e20     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Andrade SE, Gurwitz JH, Davis RL, et al. Prescription drug use in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191:398-407.
2. Li D, Liu L, Odouli R. Presence of depressive symptoms during early pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery: a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2009;24:146-153.
3. Davis EP, Glynn LM, Dunkel SC, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Dev Neurosci. 2005;27:299-305. (Pubitemid 41243217)
4. Cohen LS, Altshuler LL, Harlow BL, et al. Relapse of major depression during pregnancy in women who maintain or discontinue antidepressant treatment. JAMA. 2006; 295:499-507. (Pubitemid 43200344)
5. Cohen LS, Nonacs RM, Bailey JW, et al. Relapse of depression during pregnancy following antidepressant discontinuation: a preliminary prospective study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2004;7:217-221.
6. O'hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risk of postpartum depressionΓ Çöa meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 1996;8:37-54.
7. Gaynes BN, Gavin N, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2005;119:1-8.
8. Dietz PM, Williams SB, Callaghan WM, et al. Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1515-1520.
9. Yonkers KA, Ramin SM, Rush AJ, et al. Onset and persistence of postpartum depression in an inner-city maternal health clinic system. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1856-1863.
10. Mills JL. Depressing observations on the use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:636-638. (Pubitemid 43209113)
11. Cooper WO, Willy ME, Pont SJ, et al. Increasing use of antidepressants in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196:544-545.
12. Murray L, Sinclair D, Cooper P, et al. The socioemotional development of 5-year-old children of postnatally depressed mothers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999;40:1259-1271.
13. Marmorstein NR, Malone SM, Iacono WG. Psychiatric disorders among offspring of depressed mothers: associations with paternal psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1588-1594.
14. Zuckerman B, Amaro H, Bauchner H, et al. Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: relationship to poor health behaviors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;160(5 Pt 1):1107-1111. (Pubitemid 19144468)
15. Orr ST, Blazer DG, James SA, et al. Depressive symptoms and indicators of maternal health status during pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16:535-542.
16. Ashman SB, Dawson G, Panagiotides H, et al. Stress hormone levels of children of depressed mothers. Dev Psychopathol. 2002;14:333-349. (Pubitemid 351690101)
17. Diego MA, Field T, Hernandez-Reif M, et al. Prepartum, postpartum, and chronic depression effects on newborns. Psychiatry. 2004;67:63-80. (Pubitemid 38525863)
18. Essex MJ, Klein MH, Cho E, et al. Maternal stress beginning in infancy may sensitize children to later stress exposure: effects on cortisol and behavior. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;52:776-784.
19. Halligan SL, Herbert J, Goodyer IM, et al. Exposure to postnatal depression predicts elevated cortisol in adolescent offspring. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:376-381. (Pubitemid 38199987)
20. Brennan PA, Pargas R, Walker EF, et al. Maternal depression and infant cortisol: influences of timing, comorbidity and treatment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49:1099-1107.
21. O'Connor TG, Ben-Shlomo Y, Heron J, et al. Prenatal anxiety predicts individual differences in cortisol in pre-adolescent children. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:211-217. (Pubitemid 41112269)
22. Lindahl V, Pearson JL, Colpe L. Prevalence of suicidality during pregnancy and the postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8:77-87.
23. Akman I, Kuscu K, Ozdemir N, et al. Mothers' postpartum psychological adjustment and infantile colic. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91:417-419. (Pubitemid 43672370)
24. Flynn HA, Davis M, Marcus SM, et al. Rates of maternal depression in pediatric emergency department and relationship to child service utilization. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26:316-322. (Pubitemid 38962397)
25. McLearn KT, Minkovitz CS, Strobino DM, et al. The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and mothers' parenting practices with young children: implications for pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e174-e182.
26. Einarson A. Introduction: reproductive mental health-Motherisk update 2008. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;16:e1-e5.
27. Yonkers KA. The treatment of women suffering from depression who are either pregnant or breastfeeding. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1457-1459.
28. Rubinow DR. Antidepressant treatment during pregnancy: between Scylla and Charybdis. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:954-956. (Pubitemid 44464478)
29. Frederiksen MC. The drug development process and the pregnant woman. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2002;47:422-425.
30. Boothby LA, Doering PL. FDA labeling system for drugs in pregnancy. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:1485-1489.
31. Walsh-Sukys MC, Tyson JE, Wright LL, et al. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in the Era Before Nitric Oxide: Practice Variation and Outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105:14-20.
32. Hageman JR, Adams MA, Gardner TH. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Trends in incidence, diagnosis, and management. Am J Dis Child. 1984;138:592-595. (Pubitemid 14100988)
33. Hernandez-Diaz S, Van Marter LJ, Werler MM, et al. Risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e272-e282. (Pubitemid 47219476)
34. Bearer C, Emerson RK, O'Riordan MA, et al. Maternal tobacco smoke exposure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Environ Health Perspect. 1997;105:202-206. (Pubitemid 27196409)
35. Chambers CD, Hernandez-Diaz S, Van Marter LJ, et al. Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:579-587. (Pubitemid 43209105)
36. Kallen B, Olausson PO. Maternal use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008;17:801-806.
37. Andrade SE, McPhillips H, Loren D, et al. Antidepressant medication use and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18:246-252.
38. Webster PA. Withdrawal symptoms in neonates associated with maternal antidepressant therapy. Lancet. 1973;2:318-319.
39. Moses-Kolko EL, Bogen D, Perel J, et al. Neonatal signs after late in utero exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors: literature review and implications for clinical applications. JAMA. 2005;293:2372-2383. (Pubitemid 40676760)
40. Oberlander TF, Misri S, Fitzgerald CE, et al. Pharmacologic factors associated with transient neonatal symptoms following prenatal psychotropic medication exposure. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65:230-237.
41. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists number 92, April 2008 (replaces practice bulletin number 87, November 2007). Use of psychiatric medications during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:1001-1020.
42. Weissman AM, Levy BT, Hartz AJ, et al. Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1066-1078.
43. Eberhard-Gran M, Eskild A, Opjordsmoen S. Use of psychotropic medications in treating mood disorders during lactation : practical recommendations. CNS Drugs. 2006;20:187-198.
44. Rampono J, Hackett LP, Kristensen JH, et al. Transfer of escitalopram and its metabolite demethylescitalopram into breastmilk. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:316-322. (Pubitemid 44215532)
45. Wisner KL, Perel JM, Findling RL. Antidepressant treatment during breastfeeding. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:1132-1137.
46. Kristensen JH, Ilett KF, Rampono J, et al. Transfer of the antidepressant mirtazapine into breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63:322-327. (Pubitemid 46257080)
47. Chaudron LH, Schoenecker CJ. Bupropion and breastfeeding: a case of a possible infant seizure. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65:881-882.
48. Gracious BL, Wisner KL. Phenelzine use throughout pregnancy and the puerperium: case report, review of the literature, and management recommendations. Depress Anxiety. 1997;6:124-128.
49. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-786. (Pubitemid 17082036)
50. Mosher WD, Bachrach CA. Understanding U.S. fertility: continuity and change in the National Survey of Family Growth, 1988-1995. Fam Plann Perspect. 1996;28:4-12.