Repeatability in lactation performance and the consequences for maternal reproductive success in gray seals

Ecology

Volumn 90, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 2513-2523

  Lang, S L C ^a   Iverson, S J ^a   Bowen, W D ^b  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Gray seal; ; Halichoerus grypus; ; Individual quality; ; Lactation length; ; Maternal effects; ; Milk composition; ; Milk energy output; ; Repeatability; ; Weaning mass

Indexed keywords

FITNESS; LACTATION; MATERNAL EFFECT; NEONATE; PARENT-OFFSPRING INTERACTION; PINNIPED; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; WEANING;

HALICHOERUS; HALICHOERUS GRYPUS; MAMMALIA;

EID: 69449088018     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/08-1386.1     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Akers, R. M. 2002. Lactation and the mammary gland. Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
2. Analla,M., I.Jiménez-Gamero, A.Mufloz-Serrano, J.M.Serradilla, and A.Falagán. 1996. Estimation of genetic parameters for milk yield and fat and protein contents of milk from Murciano-Granadina goats.Journal of Dairy Science 79: 1895-1898. (Pubitemid126428982)
3. Antonelis, G. A., J. D. Baker, and J. J. Polovina. 2003. Improved body condition of weaned Hawaiian monk seal pups associated with El Niño events: potential benefits to an endangered species. Marine Mammal Science 19:590-598.
4. AOAC. 2000a. AOAC official method 905.02 for fat in milk, Roese-Gottlieb method. Page 18, chapter 33 in W. Horwitz, editor. Official methods of analysis. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
5. AOAC. 2000b. AOAC official method 991.20 for nitrogen (total) in milk. Kjeldahl methods. Page 10, chapter 33 in W. Horwitz, editor. Official methods of analysis. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
6. Blaxter, K. 1989. Energy metabolism in animals and man. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
7. Bowen, W. D., S. J. Iverson, J. I. McMillan, and D. J. Boness. 2006. Reproductive performance in grey seals: age-related improvement and senescence in a capital breeder. Journal of Animal Ecology 75:1340-1351.
8. Bowen, W. D., J. I. McMillan, and W. Blanchard. 2007. Reduced population growth of gray seals at Sable Island: evidence from pup production and age of primiparity. Marine Mammal Science 23:48-64.
9. Bowen, W. D., J. McMillan, and R. Mohn. 2003. Sustained exponential population growth of grey seals at Sable Island, Nova Scotia. ICES Journal of Marine Science 60:1265-1274.
10. Bowen, W. D., O. T. Oftedal, and D. J. Boness. 1992a. Mass and energy transfer during lactation in a small phocid, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Physiological Zoology 65:844866.
11. Bowen, W. D., W. T. Stobo, and S. J. Smith. 1992b. Mass changes of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups on Sable Island: differential maternal investment reconsidered. Journal of Zoology London 227:607-622.
12. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Second edition. Springer, New York, New York, USA.
13. Cappio-Borlino,A.,B.Portulano,M.Todaro,N.P.P.Macciotta,P.Giaccone,and G.Pulina.1997.Lactationcurves of Valledel Belice dairy ewes for yields of milk,fat and protein estimated with test day models.Journal of Dairy Science 80:3023-3029.(Pubitemid127450980)
14. Chanda, D., Abhilasha, and A. Krishna. 2003. Seasonal adiposity and delayed ovulation in a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi: role of tumor necrosis factor-α. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76:271-280.
15. Clutton-Brock, T. H., editor. 1988. Reproductive success: studies of individual variation in contrasting breeding systems. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
16. Coltman, D. W., P. O'Donoghue, J. T. Hogg, and M. FestaBianchet. 2005. Selection and genetic (co)variance in bighorn sheep. Evolution 59:1372-1382.
17. Cowie, A. T., I. A. Forsyth, and I. C. Hart. 1980. Hormonal control of lactation. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
18. Crocker, D. E., D. P. Costa, B. J. Le Boeuf, P. M. Webb, and D. S. Houser. 2006. Impact of El Niño on the foraging behaviour of female northern elephant seals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 309:1-10.
19. Crocker, D. E., J. D. Williams, D. P. Costa, and B. J. Le Boeuf. 2001. Maternal traits and reproductive effort in northern elephant seals. Ecology 82:3541-3555.
20. Dohm, M. R. 2002. Repeatability estimates do not always set an upper limit to heritability. Functional Ecology 16:273280.
21. Falconer, D. S., and T. F. C. Mackay. 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Fourth edition. Prentice Hall, London, UK.
22. Festa-Bianchet, M., J. M. Gaillard, and J. T. Jorgenson. 1998. Mass- and density-dependent reproductive success and reproductive costs in a capital breeder. American Naturalist 152:367-379. (Pubitemid 28398074)
23. Festa-Bianchet,M., J.T.Jorgenson, and D.Reale. 2000. Early development, adult mass and reproductive success in bighorn sheep Behavioral Ecology 11: 633-639. (Pubitemid34134647)
24. Gaillard, J. M., M. Festa-Bianchet, D. Delorme, and J. Jorgenson. 2000. Body mass and individual fitness in female ungulates: bigger is not always better. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267:471-477.
25. Gjøstein, H., O. Holand, and R. B. Weladji. 2004. Milk production and composition in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): effect of lactational stage. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 137:649-656.
26. Guerre-Millo, M. 2004. Adipose tissue and adipokines: for better or worse. Diabetes and Metabolism 30:13-19.
27. Hall, A. J., B. J. McConnell, and R. J. Barker. 2001. Factors affecting first-year survival in grey seals and their implications for life history strategy. Journal of Animal Ecology 70: 138-149.
28. Hamlett, A., L. Ryan, and R. Wolfinger. 2004. On the use of PROC MIXED to estimate correlation in the presence of repeated measures. SAS Users Group International, Pro- ceedings of the Statistics and Data Analysis Section Paper 198-29:1-7.
29. Hindell, M. A., and D. J. Slip. 1997. The importance of being fat: maternal expenditure in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. Pages 72-77 in M. A. Hindell and C. Kemper, editors. Marine mammal research in the Southern Hemisphere volume1 : status, ecology and medicine. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, UK.
30. Iverson, S. J., W. D. Bowen, D. J. Boness, and O. T. Oftedal. 1993. The effect of maternal size and milk energy output on pup growth in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Physiological Zoology 66:61-88.
31. Iverson, S. J., O. T. Oftedal, and D. J. Boness. 1991. The effect of El Niflo on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). II. Milk intake. Pages 180-184 in F. Trillmich and K. A. Ono, editors. Pinnipeds and El Niño: responses to environmental stress. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
32. Knight, C. H. 2000. The importance of cell division in udder development and lactation. Livestock Production Science 66: 169-176.
33. Lang, S. L. C., S. J. Iverson, and W. D. Bowen. 2005. Individual variation in milk composition over lactation in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and the potential consequences of intermittent attendance. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 1525-1531.
34. Mellish, J. E., and S. J. Iverson. 2001. Blood metabolites as indicators of nutrient utilization in fasting, lactating phocid seals: does depletion of nutrient reserves terminate lactation? Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:303-311.
35. Mellish, J. E., and S. J. Iverson. 2005. Postpartum dynamics of reproductive hormones in gray and hooded seals. Marine Mammal Science 21:162-168.
36. Mellish, J. E., S. J. Iverson, and W. D. Bowen. 1999. Variation in milk production and lactation performance in grey seals and consequences for pup growth and weaning characteristics. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72:677-690.
37. Mepham, T. B. 1983. Biochemistry of lactation. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
38. Meyer, K., M. J. Carrick, and B. J. P. Donnelly. 1994. Genetic parameters for milk production of Australian beef cows and weaning weight of their calves. Journal of Animal Science 72: 1155-1165.
39. Montaflo-Bermudez, M., and M. K. Nielsen. 1990. Biological efficiency to weaning and to slaughter of crossbred beef cattle with different genetic potential for milk. Journal of Animal Science 68:2297-2309.
40. Mousseau, T. A., and C. W. Fox, editors. 1998. Maternal effects as adaptations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
41. Noren, S. R., D. Boness, S. J. Iverson, J. McMillan, and W. D. Bowen. 2008. Body condition at weaning affects the duration of the postweaning fast in gray seal pups (Halichoerus grypus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81:269-277.
42. Oftedal, O. T., W. D. Bowen, and D. J. Boness. 1993. Energy transfer by lactating hooded seals and nutrient deposition in their pups during the four days from birth to weaning. Physiological Zoology 66:412-436.
43. Oftedal, O. T., and S. J. Iverson. 1995. Phylogenetic variation in the gross composition of mammalian milks. Pages 790-827 in R. G. Jensen and M. Thompson, editors. The handbook of milk composition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
44. Power, M. L., C. E. Verona, C. Ruiz-Miranda, and O. T. Oftedal. 2008. The composition of milk from free-living common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in Brazil. American Journal of Primatology 70:78-83.
45. Proffitt, K. M., R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, and K. E. Wheatley. 2007. Environmental and senescent related variations in Weddell seal body mass: implications for age-specific reproductive performance. Oikos 116:1683-1690.
46. Räsänen, K., and L. E. B. Kruuk. 2007. Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time-scales. Functional Ecology 21: 408-421. (Pubitemid 46805016)
47. Roberts,S.B., T.J.Cole, and W.A.Coward. 1985. Lactational performance in relation to energy in take in the baboon. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41: 1270-1276.(Pubitemid15031371)
48. Rogowitz, G. L. 1996. Trade-offs in energy allocation during lactation. American Zoologist 36:197-204.
49. Roman, R. M., C. J. Wilcox, and F. G. Martin. 2000. Estimates of repeatability and heritability of productive and reproductive traits in a herd of Jersey cattle. Genetics and Molecular Biology 23:113-119.
50. Sadowska, E. T., M. K. Labocha, K. Baliga, A. Stanisz, A. K. Wróblewska, W. Jagusiak, and P. Koteja. 2005. Genetic correlations between basal and maximum metabolic rates in a wild rodent: consequences for evolution of endothermy. Evolution 59:672-681.
51. Sanna, S. R., A. Carta, and S. Casu. 1997. (Co)variance component estimates for milk composition traits in Sarda dairy sheep using a bivariate animal model. Small Ruminant Research 25:77-82.
52. SAS Institute. 2003. SAS version 9.1.3. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
53. S-Plus. 2005. S-Plus version 7.0. Insightful Corporation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
54. Stern, A. A., T. H. Kunz, E. H. Studier, and O. T. Oftedal. 1997. Milk composition and lactational output in the greater spear-nosed bat, Phyllostomus hastatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 167:389-398.
55. Szafrańska, P. A., K. Zub, and M. Konarzewski. 2007. Longterm repeatability of body mass and resting metabolic rate in free-living weasels, Mustela nivalis. Functional Ecology 21: 731-737.
56. Trott, J. F., K. J. Simpson, R. L. C. Moyle, C. M. Hearn, G. Shaw, K. R. Nicholas, and M. B. Renfree. 2003. Maternal regulation of milk composition, milk production, and pouch young development during lactation in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Biology of Reproduction 68:929-936.
57. Van Tassell, C. P., G. R. Wiggans, and H. D. Norman. 1999. Method R estimates of heritability for milk, fat and protein yields of United States dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 82:2231-2237.
58. Wade, G. N., and J. E. Schneider. 1992. Metabolic fuels and reproduction in female mammals. Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews 16:235-272.
59. Wauters,L., L.Bijnens, and A.A.Dhondt. 1993. Bod ymass at weaning and juvenile recruitment in the red squirrel. Journal of Animal Ecology 62 :280-286.(Pubitemid23403843)
60. West, B. T., K. B. Welch, and A. T. Galecki. 2007. Linear mixed models: a practical guide using statistical software. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
61. Wheatley, K. E., C. J. A. Bradshaw, R. G. Harcourt, and M. A. Hindell. 2008. Feast or famine: evidence for mixed capitalincome breeding strategies in Weddell seals. Oecologia 155: 11-20.
62. Wolf, J. B., E. D. Brodie, J. M. Cheverud, A. J. Moore, and M. J. Wade. 1998. Evolutionary consequences of indirect genetic effects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:64-69.