Reduced population growth of gray seals at sable island: Evidence from pup production and age of primiparity

Marine Mammal Science

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 48-64

  Bowen, W D ^a   McMillan, J I ^a   Blanchard, Wade ^b  

^a BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Canada)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Gray seal; Halichoerus grypus; Pinniped; Population dynamics; Reproduction

Indexed keywords

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; PINNIPED; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION GROWTH; REPRODUCTION;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; NOVA SCOTIA; SABLE ISLAND;

HALICHOERUS; HALICHOERUS GRYPUS; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 33846120514     PISSN: 08240469     EISSN: 17487692     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00085.x     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. ASSENBURG, C., J. HARWOOD, J. MATTHIOPOULOS AND S. SMOUT. 2006. The functional response of generalist predators and its implications for the monitoring of marine ecosystems. Pages 262-274 in I. L. Boyd and S. Wanless, eds. Management of marine ecosystems: Monitoring changes in upper trophic levels. The Zoological Society of London, London, U.K.
2. BENGSTON, J. L., AND R. M. LAWS. 1985. Trends in crabeater seal age at maturity: An insight into Antarctic marine interactions. Pages 669-675 in W. R. Siegreid, P. R. Condy and R. M. Laws, eds. Antarctic nutrient cycles and food webs. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
3. BENOIT, D., AND W. D. BOWEN. 1990. Seasonal and geographic variation in the diet of grey seals (Halicheorus grypus) in eastern Canada. Pages 215-226 in W. D. Bowen, ed. Population biology of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
4. BOWEN, W. D., AND G. D. HARRISON. 1994. Offshore diet of grey seals Halichoerus grypus near Sable Island, Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series 112:1-11.
5. BOWEN, W. D., AND D. B. SINIFF. 1999. Distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology of marine mammals. Pages 423-484 in J. E. Reynolds III and S. A. Rommel, eds. Biology of marine mammals. Smithsonian Press, Washington, DC.
6. BOWEN, W. D., R. A. MYERS AND K. HAY. 1987. Abundance estimation of a dispersed, dynamic population: Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Northwest Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 44:282-295.
7. BOWEN, W. D., J. W. LAWSON AND B. BECK. 1993. Seasonal and geographic variation in the species composition and size of prey consumed by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on the Scotian shelf. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 50:1768-1778.
8. BOWEN, W. D., J. I. MCMILLAN AND R. MOHN. 2003. Sustained exponential population growth of the grey seal on Sable Island. ICES. Journal of Marine Sciences 60:1265-1374.
9. BOWEN, W. D., C. A. BECK, S. J. IVERSON, D. AUSTIN AND J. I. MCMILLAN. 2006. Linking predator foraging behaviour and diet with variability in continental shelf ecosystems: Grey seals of eastern Canada. Pages 63-81 in I. L. Boyd and S. Wanless, eds. Management of marine ecosystems: Monitoring changes in upper trophic levels. The Zoological Society of London, London, U.K.
10. EBERHARDT, L. L. 1977. Optimal policies for conservation of large mammals, with special reference to marine ecosystems. Environmental Conservation 4:205-212.
11. FOWLER, C. W. 1981. Density dependence as related to life history strategy. Ecology 62:602-610.
12. FRANK, K. T., B. PETRIE, J. S. CHOI AND W. C. LEGGETT. 2005. Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem. Science 308:1621-1623.
13. FU, C., R. MOHN AND L. P. FANNING. 2001. Why the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock off eastern Nova Scotia has not recovered. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 58:1613-1623.
14. GOODMAN, L. A. 1960. On the exact variance of products. Journal of the American Statistical Association 55:708-713.
15. HAMMILL, M. O., G. B. STENSON, R. A. MYERS AND W. T. STOBO. 1998. Pup production and population trends of the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 55:423-430.
16. KOVACS, K. M., AND D. M. LAVIGNE. 1986. Maternal investment and neonatal growth of phocid seals. Journal of Animal Ecology 55:1035-1051.
17. MANSFIELD, A. W., AND B. BECK. 1977. The grey seal in eastern Canada. Environment Canada, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Report 704:1-81.
18. MOHN, R., AND W. D. BOWEN. 1996. Grey seal predation on the eastern Scotian Shelf: Modelling the impact on Atlantic cod. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 53:2722-2738.
19. MOOD, A. M., F. A. GRAYBILL, AND D. C. BOES. 1974. Introduction to the theory of statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
20. MYERS, R. A., AND W. D. BOWEN. 1989. Estimating bias in aerial surveys of harp seal pup production. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:361-372.
21. POMEROY, P. P., S. S. ANDERSON, S. D. TWISS AND B. J. MCCONNELL. 1994. Dispersion and site fidelity of breeding females grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on North Rona, Scotland. Journal of Zoology, London 233:429-447.
22. RADFORD, P. J., C. F. SUMMERS AND K. M. YOUNG. 1978. A statistical procedure for estimating grey seal pup production from a single census. Mammal Review 8:35-42.
23. SINCLAIR, A. R. E. 1996. Mammal populations: Fluctuation, regulation, life history theory and their implications for conservation. Pages 127-154 in R. B. Floyd, A. W. Sheppard and P. J. De Barro, eds. Frontiers of population ecology, CSIRO Publishing, Melborne, Australia.
24. STOBO, W. T., B. BECK AND J. K. HORNE. 1990. Seasonal movements of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Northwest Atlantic. Pages 199-213 in W. D. Bowen, ed. Population biology of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 222.
25. TRZCINSKI, M. K., R. MOHN AND W. D. BOWEN. In press. Continued decline of the threatened Eastern Scotian Shelf Atlantic cod population: How important is grey seal predation. Ecological Applications.
26. WOLFF, J. O. 1997. Population regulation in mammals: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Animal Ecology 66:1-13.
27. ZWANENBURG, K. C. T., D. BOWEN, A. BUNDY, K. DRINKUNTER, K. FRANK, B. O'BOYLE, D. SAMEOTO AND M. SINCLAIR, 2002. Decadal changes in the Scotian Shelf large marine ecosystem. Pages 105-150 in K. Sherman and H. R. Skjoldal, eds. Large marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic: Changing states and sustainability, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.