Anxiety: Its role in the history of psychiatric epidemiology

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 39, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1055-1064

  Murphy, J M ^a   Leighton, A H ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Autonomic hyperactivity; Depression; DSM V

Indexed keywords

ANAMNESIS; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; AUTONOMIC ANXIETY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DYSPNEA; FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYSIS; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HEART PALPITATION; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; MEYERIAN PSYCHOBIOLOGY; NERVOUSNESS; PANIC; PHOBIA; POPULATION RESEARCH; PSYCHOANALYSIS; PSYCHOBIOLOGY; REVIEW; STOMACH DISCOMFORT; SWEATING; TREMOR; UNITED STATES; WAR; ARTICLE; HISTORY; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDER;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC DISORDERS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 69249221436     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291708004625     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Andrews G, Stewart G, Morris-Yates A, Holt P, Henderson S (1990). Evidence for a general neurotic syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 157, 6-12.
2. APA (1952). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1st edn. American Psychiatric Association : Washington, DC.
3. APA (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edn. American Psychiatric Association : Washington, DC.
4. APA (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edn revised. American Psychiatric Association : Washington, DC.
5. APA (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association : Washington, DC.
6. Barlow DH, Blanchard EB, Vermilyea JA, Vermilyea BB, DiNardo PA (1986). Generalized anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders : description and reconceptualization. American Journal of Psychiatry 143, 40-44. (Pubitemid 16185860)
7. Barlow DH, Wincze J (1998). DSM-IV and beyond: what is generalized anxiety disorder ? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 98, 23-29.
8. Breier A, Charney DS, Heninger GR (1985). The diagnostic validity of anxiety disorders and their relationship to depressive illness. American Journal of Psychiatry 142, 787-797. (Pubitemid 15037206)
9. Breslau N, Davis GC (1985). DSM-III generalized anxiety disorder : an empirical investigation of more stringent criteria. Psychiatric Research 145, 231-238. (Pubitemid 15042335)
10. Brodman K, Erdmann AJ, Wolff HG (1949). Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire (Manual). Cornell University Medical College : New York.
11. Brown TA, Barlow DH, Liebowitz MR (1994). The empirical basis of generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 151, 1272-1280. (Pubitemid 24281749)
12. Brugha TS (2002). The end of the beginning : a requiem for the categorization of mental disorder ? Psychological Medicine 32, 1149-1154.
13. Costello CG (1970). Classification and psychopathology. In Symptoms of Psychopathology : A Handbook (ed. C. G. Costello), pp. 1-26. John Wiley: New York.
14. Dohrenwend BP, Shrout PE, Egri G, Mendelsohn FS (1980). Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 1229-1236.
15. Eaton WW, Ritter C (1988). Distinguishing anxiety and depression with field survey data. Psychological Medicine 18, 155-166. (Pubitemid 18071643)
16. Eysenck HJ (1947). Dimensions of Personality. Routledge & Kegan Paul : London.
17. Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Educational and Industrial Testing Service : San Diego, CA.
18. Freud S (1936). The Problem of Anxiety. Norton: New York.
19. Garvey MJ, Cook B, Noyes R (1988). The occurrence of a prodrome of generalized anxiety in panic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 29, 445-449. (Pubitemid 18233459)
20. Goldberg DP (2000). Plato versus Aristotle : categorical and dimensional models for common mental disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry 41 (Suppl. 1), 8-13.
21. Hettema JM, Prescott CA, Kendler KS (2004). Genetic and environmental sources of covariation between generalized anxiety disorder and neuroticism. American Journal of Psychiatry 161, 1581-1587. (Pubitemid 39201454)
22. Hoehn-Saric R (1982). Comparison of generalized anxiety disorder with panic disorder patients. Psychopharmacological Bulletin 18, 104-108. (Pubitemid 13223889)
23. Hoehn-Saric R (1998). Psychic and somatic anxiety : worries, somatic symptoms and physiological changes. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 98 (Suppl. 393), 32-38.
24. Hughes CC, Tremblay MA, Rapoport RN, Leighton AH (1960). People of Cove and Woodlot : The Stirling County Study of Psychiatric Disorder and Sociocultural Environment, Vol.III. Basic Books: New York.
25. Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Faves LJ (1992). Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder : same genes, (partly) different environments ? Archives of General Psychiatry 49, 716-722.
26. Kessler RC (2002). The categorical versus dimensional assessment controversy in the sociology of mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43, 171-188.
27. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demier O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, Rush AJ, Walters EE, Wang PS (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive disorders : results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Journal of the American Medical Association 289, 3095-3105. (Pubitemid 37432885)
28. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen HU, Kendler KS (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States : results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 51, 8-19. (Pubitemid 24028993)
29. Klein DF (1981). Anxiety reconceptualized. In Anxiety : New Research and Changing Concepts (ed. D. F. Klein and J. Rabkin), pp. 235-263. Raven Press : New York.
30. Klerman GL (1976). Age and clinical depression : today's youth in the twenty-first century. Journal of Gerontology 31, 318-323.
31. Klerman GL (1990). Paradigm shifts in USA psychiatric epidemiology since World War II. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 15, 27-32.
32. Klerman GL, Paykel ES (1970). Depressive pattern, social background, and hospitalization. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 150, 466-478.
33. Krueger RF (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 56, 921-926.
34. Kubarych TS, Aggen SH, Hettema JM, Kendler KS, Neale MC (2005). Endorsement frequencies and factor structure of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in women: implication for future research, classification, clinical practice and comorbidity. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 14, 69-81.
35. Langner TS (1962). A twenty-two item screening score of psychiatric symptoms indicating impairment. Journal of Health and Human Behavior 3, 269-276.
36. Langner TS, Michael ST (1963). Life Stress and Mental Health : The Midtown Manhattan Study. Free Press : New York.
37. Leavitt HC (1946). A comparison between the Neuropsychiatric Screening Adjunct (NSA) and the Cornell Selectee Index (Form N). American Journal of Psychiatry 106, 353-357.
38. Leighton AH (1959). My Name is Legion : The Stirling County Study of Psychiatric Disorder and Sociocultural Environment, Vol.I. Basic Books: New York.
39. Leighton DC, Harding JS, Macklin DB, Macmillan AM, Leighton AH (1963). The Character of Danger : The Stirling County Study of Psychiatric Disorder and Sociocultural Environment, Vol.III. Basic Books: New York.
40. Lewis A (1970). The ambiguous word ' anxiety '. International Journal of Psychiatry 9, 62-79.
41. Link B, Dohrenwend BP (1980). Formulation of hypotheses about the true prevalence of demoralization in the United States. In Mental Illness in the United States : Epidemiologic Estimates (ed. B. P. Dohrenwend, B. S. Dohrenwend, M. S. Gould, B. Link, R. Neugebauer and R. Wunsch-Hitzig), pp. 114-132. Praeger : New York.
42. Macmillan AM (1957). The Health Opinion Survey : technique for estimating prevalence of psychoneurotic and related types of disorders in communities. Psychological Reports 3, 325-339.
43. Marshall RD, Klein DF (1999). Diagnostic classification of anxiety disorders : historical context and implications for neurobiology. In Neurobiology of Mental Illness (ed. D. S. Charney, E. J. Nestler and B. S. Bunney), pp. 437-450. Oxford University Press : New York.
44. Meehl PE, Hathaway SR (1946). The K factor as a suppressor variable in the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology 30, 525-564.
45. Menninger KA (1959). Toward a unitary concept of mental illness. In A Psychiatrist's World : Selected Papers (ed. B. H. Hall), pp. 516-528. Viking Press : New York.
46. Muncie W (1948). Psychobiology and Psychiatry. A Textbook of Normal and Abnormal Human Behavior, 2nd edn. Mosby: St Louis.
47. Murphy JM (1980). Continuities in community-based psychiatric epidemiology. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 1215-1223.
48. Murphy JM, Horton NJ, Laird NM, Monson RR, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (2004). Anxiety and depression : a 40-year perspective on relationships regarding prevalence, distribution, and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 109, 355-375.
49. Murphy JM, Monson RR, Laird NM, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (1998). Identifying depression in a forty-year epidemiologic investigation : the Stirling County study. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 7, 89-109. (Pubitemid 128730055)
50. Murphy JM, Monson RR, Laird NM, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (2000). A forty-year perspective on the prevalence of depression from the Stirling County Study. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 209-215. (Pubitemid 30140428)
51. Murphy JM, Monson RR, Olivier DC, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (1987). Affective disorders and mortality : a general population study. Archives of General Psychiatry 44, 473-480. (Pubitemid 17064492)
52. Murphy JM, Neff RK, Sobol AM, Rice JX, Olivier DC (1985). Computer diagnosis of depression and anxiety : the Stirling County Study. Psychological Medicine 15, 99-112.
53. Murphy JM, Olivier DC, Sobol AM, Monson RR, Leighton AH (1986). Diagnosis and outcome: depression and anxiety in a general population. Psychological Medicine 16, 117-126. (Pubitemid 16130413)
54. Noyes R, Woodman C, Garvey MJ, Cook BL, Suelzer M, Clancy J, Anderson DJ (1992). Generalized anxiety disorder vs. panic disorder : distinguishing characteristics and patterns of comorbidity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 180, 369-379.
55. Phillips DL (1966). The ' true prevalence ' of mental illness in a New England state. Community Mental Health Journal 2, 35-40.
56. Radloff LS (1977). The CES-D scale : a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1, 385-401.
57. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS (1981). National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule : its history, characteristics and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 38, 381-389. (Pubitemid 11156022)
58. Robins LN, Regier DA (eds) (1991). Psychiatric Disorders in America : The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Free Press : New York.
59. Robins LN, Wing J, Wittchen HU, Helzer JE, Babor TF, Burke J, Farmer A, Jablenski A, Pickens R, Regier DA, Sartorius N, Towle LH (1988). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 1069-1077.
60. Roth M, Argyle N (1988). Anxiety, panic and phobic disorders : an overview. Journal of Psychiatric Research 22, 33-54. (Pubitemid 18190326)
61. Roy MA, Neale MC, Pedersen NL, Mathe AA, Kendler KS (1995). A twin study of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression. Psychological Medicine 25, 1037-1049.
62. Schapira K, Roth M, Kerr TA, Gurney C (1972). The prognosis of affective disorders : the differentiation of anxiety states from depressive illnesses. British Journal of Psychiatry 121, 175-181.
63. Schwab JJ, Bell RA, Warheit GJ, Schwab RB (1979). Social Order and Mental Health : The Florida Health Study. Brunner/Mazel: New York.
64. Slade T, Watson D (2006). The structure of common DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population. Psychological Medicine 36, 1593-1600. (Pubitemid 44575805)
65. Smoller JW, Tsuang MT (1998). Panic and phobic anxiety : defining phenotypes for genetic studies. American Journal of Psychiatry 155, 1152-1162. (Pubitemid 28402506)
66. Srole L, Langner TS, Michael ST, Opler MK, Rennie TAC (1962). Mental Health in the Metropolis : The Midtown Manhattan Study. McGraw-Hill : New York.
67. Star SA (1950). The screening of psychoneurotics in the army: technical development of tests ; comparison of psychiatric diagnoses and test scores at all induction stations. In The American Soldier : Measurement and Prediction, Vol.IV (ed. S. A. Stouffer, L. Guttman, E. A. Suchman, P. F. Lazarsfeld, S. A. Star and J. A. Clausen), pp. 486-567. Princeton University Press : Princeton.
68. Stouffer SA, Guttman L, Suchman EA, Lazarsfeld PF, Star SA, Clausen JA (eds) (1950). The American Soldier : Measurement and Prediction, Vol.IV. Princeton University Press : Princeton.
69. Tousignant M, Denis G, Lachapelle R (1974). Some considerations concerning the validity and use of the Health Opinion Survey. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 14, 241-252.
70. Turvey CL, Stevens DE, Merikangas KR (1999). The validity of the associated symptom criteria for DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 8, 129-137.
71. Vollebergh WAM, Iedema J, deGraaf R, Smit F, Ormel J (2001). The structure and stability of common mental disorders : the NEMESIS Study. Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 597-603.
72. Weider A, Mittelmann B, Wechsler D, Wolff HG (1944). The Cornell Selectee Index. Journal of the American Medical Association 124, 224-228.
73. Weissman MM, Klerman GL (1978). Epidemiology of mental disorders : emerging trends in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 705-712.
74. Winters EE (ed.) (1951). The Collected Papers of Adolf Meyer, Vol.III : Medical Teaching. Johns Hopkins Press : Baltimore.
75. World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Journal of the American Medical Association 291, 2581-2590.
76. Zubin J, Fleiss J (1971). Current biometric approaches to depression. In Depression in the 1970s : Modern Theory and Research (ed. R. Fieve), pp. 7-19. Excerpta Medica: Princeton.