Structure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Pain and Pain-Free Patients Scheduled for Major Surgery

Journal of Pain

Volumn 10, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 984-991

  Pagé, Gabrielle M ^a   Kleiman, Valery ^a   Asmundson, Gordon J G ^b   Katz, Joel ^a,c,d  

^a York University   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF REGINA   (Canada)

^c MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

comorbidity; factor analysis; pain; PTSD; symptom structure

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHRONIC PAIN; COGNITION; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PAIN ASSESSMENT; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SURGERY;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECTIVE SYMPTOMS; AROUSAL; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; AVOIDANCE LEARNING; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; GENERAL SURGERY; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OXALATES; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PAIN, INTRACTABLE; PATIENTS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 69249218949     PISSN: 15265900     EISSN: 15288447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.03.011     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR, 4th Edition (Text Revision) (2000), American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA
2. Apkarian A.V., Sosa Y., Krauss B.R., Thomas P.S., Fredrickson B.E., Levy R.E., Harden R.N., and Chialvo D.R. Chronic pain patients are impaired on an emotional decision-making task. Pain 108 (2004) 129-136
3. Asmundson G.J.G., Coons M.J., Taylor S., and Katz J. PTSD and the Experience of Pain: Research and Clinical Implications of Shared Vulnerability and Mutual Maintenance Models. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 47 (2002) 930-937
4. Asmundson G.J.G., Stapleton J.A., and Taylor S. Avoidance and numbing are distinct PTSD symptom clusters. Journal of Traumatic Stress 17 (2004) 467-475
5. Asmundson G.J.G., Wright K.D., McCreary D.R., and Pedlar D. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in United Nations peacekeepers: An examination of factor structure in peacekeepers with and without chronic pain. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 32 (2003) 26-37
6. Barlow D.H. Anxiety and its disorders, 2nd edition (2004), The Guilford Press, New York, NY
7. Beckham J.C., Crawford A.L., Feldman M.E., Kirby A.C., Hertzberg M.A., Davidson J.R.T., and Morre S.D. Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain in Vietnam combat veterans. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 43 (1997) 379-389
8. Blanchard E.B., Jones-Alexander J., Buckley T.C., and Forneris C.A. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy 34 (1996) 669-673
9. Breslau N., Chase G.A., and Anthony J.C. The uniqueness of the DSM definition of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Implications for Research. Psychological Medicine 32 (2002) 573-576
10. Breslau N., Reboussin B.A., Anthony J.C., and Storr C.L. The structure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Latent class analysis in 2 community samples. Archives of General Psychiatry 62 (2005) 1343-1351
11. Broman-Fulks J.J., Ruggiero K.J., Green B.A., Kilpatrick D.G., Danielson C.K., Resnick H., and Saunders B.E. Taxometric investigation of PTSD: data from two nationally representative samples. Behavior Therapy 37 (2006) 364-380
12. Buckley T.C., Blanchard E.B., and Hickling E.J. A confirmatory factor analysis of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36 (1998) 1091-1099
13. Carrion V.G., Garrett A., Menon V., Weems C.F., and Reiss A.L. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and brain function during a response-inhibition task: An fMRI study in youth. Depression & Anxiety 25 (2008) 514-526
14. Clapp J.D., Beck J.G., Palyo S.A., and DeMond M.G. An examination of the synergy of pain and PTSD on quality of life: Additive or multiplicative effects?. Pain 138 (2008) 301-309
15. Costello AB, Osborne JW: Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, & Evaluation 10: Available at: http://pareonline.net/pdf/v10n17.pdf 2005
16. Creamer M., Bell R., and Failla S. Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale-Revisited. Behaviour Research and Therapy 41 (2003) 1489-1496
17. Eccleston C. The attentional control of pain: methodological and theoretical concerns. Pain 63 (1995) 3-10
18. Ehlers A., and Clark D.M. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000) 319-345
19. Fabrigar L.R., Wegener D.T., MacCallum R.C., and Strahan E.J. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods 4 (1999) 272-299
20. Floyd F.L., and Widaman K.F. Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment 7 (1995) 286-299
21. Foa E.B., Zinbarg R., and Rothbaum B.O. Uncontrollability and unpredictability in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An animal model. Psychological Bulletin 112 (1992) 218-238
22. Forbes D., Creamer M., and Biddle D. The validity of the PTSD Checklist as a measure of symptomatic change in combat-related PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy 39 (2001) 977-986
23. Geisser M.E., and Colwell M.O. Chronic back pain: Conservative approaches. In: Block A.R., Fernandez E., and Kremer E.F. (Eds). Handbook of Pain Syndromes: Biopsychosocial Perspectives, 1st Edition (1999), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Kahwah, NJ 169-190
24. Harman K., and Ruyak P. Working through the pain: a controlled study of the impact of persistent pain on performing a computer task. Clinical Journal of Pain 21 (2005) 216-222
25. Hayton J.C., Allen D.G., and Scarpello V. Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: A tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods 7 (2004) 191-205
26. Horn J.L. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 30 (1965) 179-185
27. Katz J, Asmundson GJG, McRae K, Halket E: Emotional numbing and pain intensity predict the development of pain disability up to one year after lateral thoracotomy. European Journal of Pain [serial online]. e2008. Accessed 15 October 2008
28. Krystal H. An information processing view of object-relations. Psychoanalytic Inquiry 10 (1990) 221-251
29. Litz B. Emotional numbing in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A critical review and reformulation. Clinical Psychology Review 12 (1992) 417-432
30. Litz B.T., Schlenger W.E., Weathers F.W., Caddell J.M., Fairbank J.A., and LaVange L.M. Predictors of emotional numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 10 (1997) 607-618
31. Maes M., Delmeire L., Schotte C., Janca A., Creten T., Mylle J., Struyf A., Pison G., and Rousseeuw P.J. The two-factorial symptom structure of post-traumatic stress disorder: depression-avoidance and arousal-anxiety. Psychiatry Research 81 (1998) 195-210
32. McWilliams L.A., Cox B., and Asmundson G.J.G. Symptoms structure of posttraumatic stress disorder in a nationality representative sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19 (2005) 626-641
33. McWilliams L.A., Cox B.J., and Enns M.W. Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: An examination in a nationally representative sample. Pain 106 (2003) 127-133
34. Norton P.J., and Asmundson G.J.G. Amending the fear-avoidance model of chronic pain: What is the role of physiological arousal?. The Behavior Therapist 34 (2003) 17-30
35. O'Connor B. SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers 32 (2000) 396-402
36. Park D.C., Glass J.M., Minear M., and Crofford L.J. Cognitive function in fibromyalgia patients. Arthritis Rheumatology 44 (2001) 2125-2133
37. Ploghaus A., Tracey I., Gati J.S., Clare S., Menon R.S., Matthews P.M., and Rawlins J.N. Dissociation pain from its anticipation in the human brain. Science 284 (1999) 1979-1981
38. Reiss S., and McNally R.J. Expectancy model of fear. In: Reiss S., and Bootzin R.R. (Eds). Theoretical issues in behavior therapy, 1st Edition (1985), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 107-121
39. Ruggiero K.J., DelBen K., Scotti J.R., and Rabalais A.F. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. Journal of Traumatic Stress 16 (2003) 495-502
40. Sharp T.J., and Harvey A.G. Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: mutual maintenance?. Clinical Psychology Review 21 (2001) 857-877
41. Taylor S., Kuch K., Koch W.J., Crockett D.J., and Passey G. The structure of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 107 (1998) 154-160
42. Tull M.T., and Roemer L. Alternative explanations of emotional numbing of posttraumatic stress disorder: an examination of hyperarousal and experiential avoidance. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 25 (2003) 147-154
43. van der Kolk B.A. Psychological Trauma, 1st Edition (1987), American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
44. Velicer W.F., Eaton C.A., and Fava J.L. Construct explication through factor component analysis: A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components. In: Goffin R.D., and Helmes E. (Eds). Problems and Solutions in Human Assessment: Honoring Douglas N. Jackson at Seventy, 1st Edition (2000), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA 41-72
45. Vlaeyen J.W.S., and Linton S.J. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A state of the art. Pain 85 (2000) 317-332
46. Weathers F.W., Huska J.A., and Keane T.M. PCL-C for DSM-IV (1991), National Center for PTSD - Behavioral Science Division, Boston. MA
47. Weathers F.W., Litz B.T., Herman D.S., Huska J.A., and Keane T.M. The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility (1993), International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX
48. Weiss D.S., and Marmar C.R. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In: Wilson J.P., and Keae T.M. (Eds). Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD: A Handbook for Practitioners, 1st Edition (1997), Guilford Press, New York, NY 399-411