메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1195-1201

A personal perspective on the initial federal health-based regulation to remove lead from gasoline

Author keywords

Gasoline; Government; Health based regulation; Lead; Policy; U.S. EPA

Indexed keywords

GASOLINE; LEAD;

EID: 69249151316     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800534     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (35)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 69249129733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymous. 2009. Kathryn R. Mahaffey: 1943-2009. Environ Health Perspect 117:A336.
    • Anonymous. 2009. Kathryn R. Mahaffey: 1943-2009. Environ Health Perspect 117:A336.
  • 3
    • 69249109044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridbord K. 1974. Testimony before the Subcommittee Panel on Environmental Science and Technology. Washington, DC:Committee on Public Works, U.S. Senate.
    • Bridbord K. 1974. Testimony before the Subcommittee Panel on Environmental Science and Technology. Washington, DC:Committee on Public Works, U.S. Senate.
  • 5
    • 69249158545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carson R. 1962. Silent Spring. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
    • Carson R. 1962. Silent Spring. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
  • 6
    • 84944734100 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic notes and reports human lead absorption - Texas
    • CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1973. Epidemiologic notes and reports human lead absorption - Texas. MMWR 22:405-407.
    • (1973) MMWR , vol.22 , pp. 405-407
  • 7
    • 0031581727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Blood lead levels - United States, 1991-1994
    • CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1997. Update: blood lead levels - United States, 1991-1994. MMWR 46(7):141-146.
    • (1997) MMWR , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 141-146
  • 8
    • 27744543374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC, Publ. No. 05-0570. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health
    • CDC. 2005. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Publ. No. 05-0570. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health.
    • (2005) Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
  • 11
    • 69249149488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethyl Corp. v. EPA. 1975. Case No 541 F.2d 1, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. 28 January 1975
    • Ethyl Corp. v. EPA. 1975. Case No 541 F.2d 1, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. 28 January 1975.
  • 12
    • 69249113287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethyl Corp. v. EPA. 1976. Case No 176 U.S. App. D.C. 373; 541 F.2d 1; 1976 U.S. App. LEXIS 12309; 8 ERC (BNA) 1785; 6 ELR 20267, US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Argued En Banc. 19 March 1976
    • Ethyl Corp. v. EPA. 1976. Case No 176 U.S. App. D.C. 373; 541 F.2d 1; 1976 U.S. App. LEXIS 12309; 8 ERC (BNA) 1785; 6 ELR 20267, US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Argued En Banc. 19 March 1976.
  • 13
    • 0017643582 scopus 로고
    • Conclusions of the committee on human health consequences of lead exposure from automobile emissions
    • Falk HL. 1977. Conclusions of the committee on human health consequences of lead exposure from automobile emissions. Environ Health Perspect 19:243-246.
    • (1977) Environ Health Perspect , vol.19 , pp. 243-246
    • Falk, H.L.1
  • 14
    • 33747155558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 μg/dL
    • Gilbert SG, Weiss B. 2006. A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 μg/dL. Neurotoxicology 27(5):693-701.
    • (2006) Neurotoxicology , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 693-701
    • Gilbert, S.G.1    Weiss, B.2
  • 15
    • 0007807841 scopus 로고
    • Lead in the air: Industry weight on academy panel challenged
    • Gillette R. 1971. Lead in the air: industry weight on academy panel challenged. Science 174(4011):800-802.
    • (1971) Science , vol.174 , Issue.4011 , pp. 800-802
    • Gillette, R.1
  • 16
    • 0014194503 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory exposure to lead: Epidemiological and experimental dose-response relationships
    • Goldsmith JR, Hexter AC. 1967. Respiratory exposure to lead: epidemiological and experimental dose-response relationships. Science 158:132-134.
    • (1967) Science , vol.158 , pp. 132-134
    • Goldsmith, J.R.1    Hexter, A.C.2
  • 17
  • 20
    • 0034446539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations < 10 μg/dL in US children and adolescents
    • Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Cox C. 2000. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations < 10 μg/dL in US children and adolescents. Public Health Rep 115:521-529.
    • (2000) Public Health Rep , vol.115 , pp. 521-529
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Dietrich, K.2    Auinger, P.3    Cox, C.4
  • 21
    • 22144464444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: An international pooled analysis
    • Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Khoury J, Yolton K, Baghurst P, Bellinger DC, et al. 2005. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ Health Perspect 113:894-899.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 894-899
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Hornung, R.2    Khoury, J.3    Yolton, K.4    Baghurst, P.5    Bellinger, D.C.6
  • 22
    • 0015529218 scopus 로고
    • Medical progress: Undue absorption of lead among, children - a new look at an old problem
    • Lin-Fu JS. 1972. Medical progress: undue absorption of lead among, children - a new look at an old problem. N Engl J Med 286:702-710.
    • (1972) N Engl J Med , vol.286 , pp. 702-710
    • Lin-Fu, J.S.1
  • 23
    • 0015708449 scopus 로고
    • Medical progress: Vulnerability of children to lead exposure and toxicity (first of two parts)
    • Lin-Fu JS. 1973a. Medical progress: vulnerability of children to lead exposure and toxicity (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 289:1229-1233.
    • (1973) N Engl J Med , vol.289 , pp. 1229-1233
    • Lin-Fu, J.S.1
  • 24
    • 0015922633 scopus 로고
    • Medical progress: Vulnerability of children to lead exposure and toxicity (second of two parts)
    • Lin-Fu JS. 1973b. Medical progress: vulnerability of children to lead exposure and toxicity (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 289:1289-1293.
    • (1973) N Engl J Med , vol.289 , pp. 1289-1293
    • Lin-Fu, J.S.1
  • 25
    • 69249129899 scopus 로고
    • Low-Level Lead Toxicity and the Environmental Impact of Cadmium
    • Low-Level Lead Toxicity and the Environmental Impact of Cadmium. 1974. Environ Health Perspect 7:1-323.
    • (1974) Environ Health Perspect , vol.7 , pp. 1-323
  • 26
    • 69249148894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing lead's limits: Time for another reassessment of guidelines?
    • Mead MN. 2008. Testing lead's limits: time for another reassessment of guidelines? Environ Health Perspect 116:A82.
    • (2008) Environ Health Perspect , vol.116
    • Mead, M.N.1
  • 28
    • 0026470864 scopus 로고
    • Salem comes to the National Institutes of Health: Notes from inside the crucible of scientific integrity
    • Needleman HL. 1992. Salem comes to the National Institutes of Health: notes from inside the crucible of scientific integrity. Pediatrics 90(6):977-981.
    • (1992) Pediatrics , vol.90 , Issue.6 , pp. 977-981
    • Needleman, H.L.1
  • 29
    • 0032427057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood lead poisoning: The promise and abandonment of primary prevention
    • Needleman HL. 1998a. Childhood lead poisoning: the promise and abandonment of primary prevention. Am J Public Health 88(12):1871-1877.
    • (1998) Am J Public Health , vol.88 , Issue.12 , pp. 1871-1877
    • Needleman, H.L.1
  • 30
    • 0032145530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clair Patterson and Robert Kehoe: Two views of lead toxicity
    • Needleman HL. 1998b. Clair Patterson and Robert Kehoe: two views of lead toxicity. Environ Res 78:79-85.
    • (1998) Environ Res , vol.78 , pp. 79-85
    • Needleman, H.L.1
  • 31
    • 0033626738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The removal of lead from gasoline: Historical and personal reflections
    • Needleman HL. 2000. The removal of lead from gasoline: historical and personal reflections. Environ Res 84:20-35.
    • (2000) Environ Res , vol.84 , pp. 20-35
    • Needleman, H.L.1
  • 32
    • 0018772514 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels
    • Needleman HL, Gunnoe C, Leviton A, Reed R, Peresie H, Maher C. 1979. Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels. N Engl J Med 300(13):689-695.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.300 , Issue.13 , pp. 689-695
    • Needleman, H.L.1    Gunnoe, C.2    Leviton, A.3    Reed, R.4    Peresie, H.5    Maher, C.6
  • 33
    • 0025129330 scopus 로고
    • The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood. An 11-year follow-up report
    • Needleman HL, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN. 1990. The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood. An 11-year follow-up report. N Engl J Med 322(2):83-88.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-88
    • Needleman, H.L.1    Schell, A.2    Bellinger, D.3    Leviton, A.4    Allred, E.N.5
  • 34
    • 0003868726 scopus 로고
    • NRC National Research Council, Washington, DC:National Academy of Sciences
    • NRC (National Research Council. 1972. Lead: Airborne Lead in Perspective. Washington, DC:National Academy of Sciences.
    • (1972) Lead: Airborne Lead in Perspective
  • 35
    • 69249138111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.) v. EPA. 1973. US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. No. 72-2233.
    • NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.) v. EPA. 1973. US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. No. 72-2233.
  • 36
    • 0027126075 scopus 로고
    • Lead researcher confronts accusers in public hearing
    • Palca J. 1992. Lead researcher confronts accusers in public hearing. Science 256(5056):437-438.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , Issue.5056 , pp. 437-438
    • Palca, J.1
  • 37
    • 0005880486 scopus 로고
    • Contaminated and natural lead environments of man
    • Patterson CC. 1965. Contaminated and natural lead environments of man. Arch Environ Health 11:344-360.
    • (1965) Arch Environ Health , vol.11 , pp. 344-360
    • Patterson, C.C.1
  • 39
    • 69249137337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quarles JR. 1974. Testimony before the Subcommittee Panel on Environmental Science and Technology. Washington, DC:Committee on Public Works, U.S. Senate.
    • Quarles JR. 1974. Testimony before the Subcommittee Panel on Environmental Science and Technology. Washington, DC:Committee on Public Works, U.S. Senate.
  • 40
    • 69249084312 scopus 로고
    • Letter from E Richardson to the Honorable John V
    • 9 January
    • Richardson E. 1973. Letter from E Richardson to the Honorable John V. Tunney, United States Senate. 9 January 1973.
    • (1973) Tunney, United States Senate
    • Richardson, E.1
  • 41
    • 0022050844 scopus 로고
    • A "Gift of God"? The public health controversy over leaded gasoline during the 1920s
    • Rosner D, Markowitz G. 1985. A "Gift of God"? The public health controversy over leaded gasoline during the 1920s. Am J Public Health 75(4):344-352.
    • (1985) Am J Public Health , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 344-352
    • Rosner, D.1    Markowitz, G.2
  • 42
    • 18344368483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standing up to the lead industry: An interview with Herbert Needleman
    • Rosner D, Markowitz G. 2005. Standing up to the lead industry: an interview with Herbert Needleman. Public Health Rep 120:330-337.
    • (2005) Public Health Rep , vol.120 , pp. 330-337
    • Rosner, D.1    Markowitz, G.2
  • 44
    • 0029248943 scopus 로고
    • Annotation: Protection of the public interest, allegations of scientific misconduct, and the Needleman case
    • Silbergeld EK. 1995. Annotation: protection of the public interest, allegations of scientific misconduct, and the Needleman case. Am J Public Health 85(2):165-166.
    • (1995) Am J Public Health , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-166
    • Silbergeld, E.K.1
  • 45
    • 0032586518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reducing lead in gasoline: An analysis of the international experience
    • Thomas VM, Socolow RH, Fanelli JJ, Spiro TG. 1999. Effects of reducing lead in gasoline: an analysis of the international experience. Environ Sci Technol 33(22):3942-3948.
    • (1999) Environ Sci Technol , vol.33 , Issue.22 , pp. 3942-3948
    • Thomas, V.M.1    Socolow, R.H.2    Fanelli, J.J.3    Spiro, T.G.4
  • 46
    • 69249110733 scopus 로고
    • Research Triangle Park, NC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. EPA. 1972a. Health Hazards of Lead. Research Triangle Park, NC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
    • (1972) Health Hazards of Lead
    • EPA, U.S.1
  • 47
    • 69249133652 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fuels and fuel additives: Notice of proposed rule making
    • U.S. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1972b. Regulation of fuels and fuel additives: notice of proposed rule making. Fed Reg 37(36):3882-3884.
    • (1972) Fed Reg , vol.37 , Issue.36 , pp. 3882-3884
  • 48
    • 69249088361 scopus 로고
    • Health effects of exhaust emissions: EPA requests
    • U.S. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1972c. Health effects of exhaust emissions: EPA requests. Fed Reg 37(115):11786-11787.
    • (1972) Fed Reg , vol.37 , Issue.115 , pp. 11786-11787
  • 50
    • 84903340368 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fuels and fuel additives
    • U.S. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1973a. Regulation of fuels and fuel additives. Fed Reg 38(6): 1254-1256.
    • (1973) Fed Reg , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1254-1256
  • 51
    • 69249100335 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fuels and fuel additives: Notice of proposed rule making
    • U.S. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1973b. Regulation of fuels and fuel additives: notice of proposed rule making. Fed Reg 38(6):1258-1261.
    • (1973) Fed Reg , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1258-1261
  • 53
    • 69249127720 scopus 로고
    • Fuel regulations: Control of lead additives in gasoline
    • U.S. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1973d. Fuel regulations: control of lead additives in gasoline. Fed Reg 38(234):33734-33741.
    • (1973) Fed Reg , vol.38 , Issue.234 , pp. 33734-33741
  • 54
    • 69249083481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Lead, I. EPA-600/8-83/ 028aF. Washington DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
    • U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Lead, Vol I. EPA-600/8-83/ 028aF. Washington DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • 56
    • 44449122269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wright JP, Dietrich KN, Ris MD, Hornung RW, Wessel SD, Lanphear BP, et al. 2008. Association of prenatal and childhood blood lead concentrations with criminal arrests in early adulthood. PLoS Med 5(5):e101; doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.0050101 [Online 27 May 2008].
    • Wright JP, Dietrich KN, Ris MD, Hornung RW, Wessel SD, Lanphear BP, et al. 2008. Association of prenatal and childhood blood lead concentrations with criminal arrests in early adulthood. PLoS Med 5(5):e101; doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.0050101 [Online 27 May 2008].


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.