Scaling up child and adolescent mental health services in South Africa: Human resource requirements and costs

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 50, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1121-1130

  Lund, Crick ^a   Boyce, Gerard ^b   Flisher, Alan J ^a,c   Kafaar, Zuhayr ^d   Dawes, Andrew ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^d STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Children; Developing countries; Mental health services; Planning; Policy; Public health

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; POPULATION SIZE; PREVALENCE; RATING SCALE; SOUTH AFRICA; WORKLOAD;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES; CHILD; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; MODELS, ORGANIZATIONAL; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 69249128275     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: 14697610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02078.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bhorat, H. Kanbur, R. (2005). Poverty and well-being in post-apartheid South Africa: An overview of data, outcomes and policy. Working Paper. Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
2. Cherian, V. Cherian, L. (1999). Minor psychiatric morbidity in South African secondary school pupils. Psychological Reports, 85, 397 402.
3. Chisholm, D., Lund, C. Saxena, S. (2007). Cost of scaling up mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 528 535.
4. Dawes, A., Lund, C., Kafaar, Z., Brandt, R. Flisher, A.J. (2004). Norms for South African Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: Report for the Directorate Mental Health and Substance Abuse - National Department of Health (Tender No. DOH 48/2003-2004). Cape Town : Human Sciences Research Council.
5. Dawes, A., Robertson, B.A., Duncan, N., Ensink, K., Jackson, A., Reynolds, P., et al. (1997). Child and adolescent mental health policy. In D. Foster, M. Freeman Y. Pillay (Eds Mental health policy issues for South Africa. Cape Town : Medical Association of South Africa.
6. Department of Health. (2001). National Policy Guidelines for youth and adolescent health. Pretoria : Department of Health.
7. Department of Health. (2003). National Policy Guidelines for child and adolescent mental health. Pretoria : Department of Health.
8. Desjarlais, R., Eisenberg, L., Good, B. Kleinman, A. (1995). World mental health: Problems and priorities in low-income countries. New York : Oxford University Press.
9. Ensink, K., Robertson, B.A., Zissis, C. Leger, P. (1997). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children exposed to violence. South African Medical Journal, 87, 1526 1530.
10. Flisher, A.J., Kramer, R.A., Grosser, R.C., Alegria, M., Goodman, S.H., Greenwald, S., et al. (1997). Correlates of unmet need for mental health services by children and adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1145 1154.
11. Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., et al. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8 19.
12. Kleintjes, S., Flisher, A., Fick, M., Railon, A., Lund, C., Molteno, C., et al. (2006). The prevalence of mental disorders among children, adolescents and adults in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Psychiatric Review, 9, 157 160.
13. Lancet Global Mental Health Group. (2007). Scale up services for mental disorders: A call for action. Lancet, 370, 1241 1252.
14. Lazarus, R., Freeman, M. Rispel, L. (1995). Resources for primary mental health care. Gauteng : Centre for Health Policy.
15. Lund, C. Flisher, A.J. (2006). Norms for mental health services in South Africa. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 587 594.
16. Lund, C., Flisher, A.J., Lee, T., Porteus, K.A. Robertson, B.A. (2000). A model for estimating mental health service needs in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 90, 1019 1024.
17. Monitor Company 1996). Hospital strategy project: Development of national affordability guidelines for hospital service delivery. Final report. Johannesburg : Health Partners International, Centre for Health Policy, National Labour and Economic Development Institute.
18. Patel, V., Flisher, A.J. McGorry, P. (2007). The mental health of young people: A global public health challenge. Lancet, 369, 1302 1313.
19. Patel, V., Flisher, A.J., Nikapota, A. Malhotra, S. (2008). Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 313 334.
20. Peltzer, K. (1999). Post-traumatic stress symptoms in a population of rural children in South Africa. Psychological Reports, 85, 646 650.
21. Rispel, L., Price, M. Cabral, J. (1996). Confronting need and affordability: Guidelines for Primary Health Care Services in South Africa. Johannesburg : Centre for Health Policy.
22. Robertson, B.A., Ensink, K., Parry, C.D. Chalton, D. (1999). Performance of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3) in an informal settlement area in South Africa. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1156 1164.
23. Saraceno, B. Barbui, C. (1997). Poverty and mental illness. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 285 290.
24. Saxena, S., Thornicroft, G., Knapp, M. Whiteford, H.A. (2007). Resources for mental health: Scarcity, inequity and inefficiency. Lancet, 370, 878 889.
25. Swartz, L. MacGregor, H. (2002). Integrating services, marginalising patients: Psychiatric patients and primary health care in South Africa. Transcultural Psychiatry, 39, 155 172.
26. Thornicroft, G. Tansella, M. (1999). The mental health matrix: A manual to improve services. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
27. WHO 1996). Public mental health guidelines for the elaboration and management of national mental health programmes. Geneva : WHO.
28. WHO 2001). World Health Report 2001, Mental health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva : WHO.
29. WHO 2003). Planning and budgeting to deliver services for mental health. Mental health policy and services guidance package. Geneva : WHO.
30. WHO 2005a). Atlas: Child and adolescent mental health resources. Global concerns: Implications for the future. Geneva : WHO.
31. WHO (2005b). Atlas: Mental health resources in the world. Geneva : WHO.