Selling conservation? Scientific legitimacy and the commodification of conservation tourism

Ecology and Society

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Cousins, Jenny A ^a   Evans, James ^a   Sadler, Jon ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Commodification; Conservation science; Conservation tourism; Scientific legitimacy; South Africa; United Kingdom

Indexed keywords

COMMODITY MARKET; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; ECOTOURISM; NATURE CONSERVATION; NEOLIBERALISM; TOURISM MANAGEMENT; TOURISM MARKET; TRADE-OFF;

AFRICA; EURASIA; EUROPE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 69149090088     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17083087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5751/ES-02804-140132     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adams, W. 1997. Rationalisation and conservation: ecology and the management of nature in the UK. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 22:277-291.
2. Adger, W., K. Brown, J. Fairbrass, A. Jordan, J. Paavola, S. Rosendo, and G. Seyfang. 2002. Governance for sustainability: towards a "thick" analysis of environmental decision-making. Environment and Planning A 35:1095-1110.
3. Bell, S., M. Marzano, J. Cent, H. Kobierska, D. Podjed, D. Vandzinskaite, H. Reinert, A. Armaitiene, M. Grodzińska-Jurczak, and R. Mursič. 2008. What counts? Volunteers and their organizations in the recording and monitoring of biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 17(14):3443-3454. DOI 10.1007/s10531-008-9357-9.
4. Bennett, R. 2007. Gap-year companies to face tough controls on dubious charity work. The Times Online. [online] URL: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/student/article2280604.ece. Accessed 18 August 2007.
5. Blamey, R. 2001. Principles of ecotourism. Pages 5-22 in D. B. Weaver, editor. The encyclopedia of ecotourism. CABI International, Wallingford, UK.
6. Borgatti, S., and P. Foster. 2003. The network paradigm in organizational research: a review and typology. Journal of Management 29(6):991-1013.
7. Broad, S. 2003. Living the Thai life: a case study of volunteer tourism at the gibbon rehabilitation project. Tourism Recreation Research 28(3):63-73
8. Caissie, L. T., and E. A. Halpenny. 2003. Volunteering for nature: motivations for participating in a biodiversity conservation program. World Leisure Journal 45(2):38-50.
9. Campbell L. M., and C. Smith. 2006. What makes them pay? Values of volunteer tourists working for sea turtle conservation. Environmental Management 38(1):84-98.
10. Cashmore, B. 2002. Legitimacy and the privatisation of environmental governance: how non-state market-driven (NSMD) governance systems gain rule-making authority. Governance 15(4):503-529.
11. Castree, N. 2003. Commodifying what nature? Progress in Human Geography 27(3):273-297.
12. Castree, N. 2008. Neo-liberalising nature 1: the logistics of de- and re-regulation. Environment and Planning A 40(1):131-152.
13. Coghlan, A. 2008. Exploring the role of expedition staff in volunteer tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research 10:183-191.
14. Cousins, J. 2007. The role of UK-based conservation tourism operators. Tourism Management 28:1020-1030.
15. Davies, J. 2002. The governance of urban regeneration: a critique of the "governing without government" thesis. Public Administration 80(2):301-322.
16. Demeritt, D. 2000. The new social contract for science: accountability, relevance, and value in US and UK science and research policy. Antipode 32(3):308-329.
17. Duffy, R. 2008. Neoliberalising nature: global networks and ecotourism development in Madagascar. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16(3):327-344.
18. Dunn, K. 2005. Interviewing. Pages 192-206 in I. Hay, editor. Qualitative methods in human geography. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
19. Eden, S. 2009. The work of environmental governance networks: the case of certification by the Forest Stewardship Council. Geoforum, in press.
20. Evans, J. 2004. What is local about local environmental governance? Observations from the local biodiversity action planning process. Area 36(3):270-279.
21. Fontana, A., and J. H. Frey. 2005. The interview: from neutral stance to political involvement. Pages 695-727 in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, editors. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Third edition. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
22. Galley, G., and J. Clifton. 2004. The motivational and demographic characteristics of research ecotourists: operation Wallacea volunteers in south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Ecotourism 3(1):69-82.
23. Glaser, B., and A. Strauss. 1967. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. Aldine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
24. Gray, N. J., and L. M. Campbell. 2007. A decommodified experience? Exploring aesthetic, economic, and ethical values for volunteer ecotourism in Costa Rica. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 15(5):463-482.
25. Halpenny, E. A., and L. T. Caissie. 2003. Volunteering on nature conservation projects: volunteer experience, attitudes and values. Tourism Recreation Research 28(3)25-33.
26. Hurst, R. 2003. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Pages 117-132 in N. Clifford and G. Valentine, editors. Key methods in geography. Sage Publications, London, UK.
27. Jamison, A. 1996. The shaping of the global environmental agenda: the role of non-governmental organizations. Pages 224-245 in S. Lash, B. Szerszynski, and B. Wynne, editors. Risk, environment and modernity: towards a new ecology. Sage Publications, London, UK.
28. King, D., and W. Stewart. 1996. Ecotourism and commodification: protecting people and places. Biodiversity and Conservation 5(3):293-305.
29. Latour, B. 1993. We have never been modern. Harvester Wheatsheaf, London, UK.
30. Lorimer, J. 2007. Nonhuman charisma. Environment and Planning D 25(5):911-932.
31. Lorimer, J. 2009. The scope of international conservation volunteering from the UK. Oryx, in press.
32. Manning, P., and B. Cullum Swann. 1994. Narrative, content and semiotic analysis. Pages 463-477 in N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln, editors. Handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications, London, UK.
33. Mansfield, B. 2007. Privatization: property and the remaking of nature-society relations introduction to the special issue. Antipode 39(3):393-405.
34. Marshall, C., and G. Rossman. 1995. Designing qualitative research. Second edition. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
35. McAffee, K. 1999. Selling nature to save it? Biodiversity and green developmentalism. Environment and Planning D 17:133-54.
36. McGehee, N. G. 2002. Alternative tourism and social movements. Annals of Tourism Research 29(1):124-143.
37. McGehee, N. G., and W. C. Norman. 2002. Alternative tourism as impetus for conscious-raising. Tourism Analysis 6:239-251.
38. Mumby, P. J., A. R. Harborne, P. S. Raines, and J. M. Ridley. 1995. A critical assessment of data derived from Coral Cay conservation volunteers. Bulletin of Marine Sciences 56(3):737-751.
39. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST). 2000. Biodiversity and conservation. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, UK.
40. Rhodes, R. 1996. The new governance: governing without government. Political Studies XLIV:652-667.
41. Russel, C. 1995. The social construction of orangutans: an ecotourist experience. Society and Animals 3(2):151-169.
42. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2001. Convention on biological diversity handbook. Earthscan, London, UK.
43. Stebbins, R. A., and M. M. Graham. 2004. Volunteering as leisure/leisure as volunteering. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
44. Thornes, J.E., and Randalls, S., 2007. Commodifying the atmosphere: "Pennies from heaven?" Geografiska Annaler 89A(4):1-13.
45. Turner, R., G. Miller, and D. Gilbert. 2001. The role of UK charities and the tourism industry. Tourism Management 22:463-472.
46. Urry, J. 1990. The tourist gaze. Sage Publications, London, UK.
47. Wearing, S. 2001. Volunteer tourism: experiences that make a difference. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
48. Weaver, D. 2001. Ecotourism. Wiley, Milton, Australia.
49. Weiler, B., and H. Richins. 1995. Extreme, extravagant and elite: a profile of ecotourists on Earthwatch expeditions. Tourism Recreation Research 20(1):29-36.
50. Weston, M., M. Fendley, R. Jewell, M. Satchell, and C. Tzaros. 2003. Volunteers in bird conservation: insights from the Australian Threatened Bird Network. Ecological Management and Restoration 4(3):205-211.
51. Whatmore, S. 2002. Hybrid geographies: natures, cultures, spaces. Sage Publications, London, UK.
52. Wheeller, B. 1993. Sustaining the ego. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 1(2):121-129.
53. Wilson, E. 1992. The diversity of life. Penguin, London, UK.
54. Year Out Group. 2008. Why choose YOG? [online] URL: http://www.yearoutgroup.org/. Accessed 12 March 2008.