The efficacy and safety of leflunomide therapy in lupus nephritis by repeat kidney biopsy

Rheumatology International

Volumn 29, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1331-1335

  Zhang, F S ^a   Nie, Y K ^a   Jin, X M ^a   Yu, H M ^a   Li, Y N ^a   Sun, Y ^a  

^a HARBIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Kidney biopsy; Leflunomide; Lupus nephritis

Indexed keywords

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; LEFLUNOMIDE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; PREDNISONE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALOPECIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; KIDNEY BIOPSY; LEUKOPENIA; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; RASH; RATING SCALE; RELAPSE; SIDE EFFECT; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BIOPSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; ISOXAZOLES; KIDNEY; LUPUS NEPHRITIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 69049101170     PISSN: 01728172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-0861-3     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. HA Austin 1986 Therapy of lupus nephritis controlled trial of prednisone and cytoxic drugs New Engl J Med 314 614 619
2. MC Hochberg 1997 Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of SLE Arthritis Rheum 40 1725
3. DD Gladman MB Urowitz CH Goldsmith, et al. 1997 The reliability of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Rheum 40 5 809 813
4. HA Austin LR Muenz KM Joyce TT Antonovych JE Balow 1984 Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis: identification of specific pathologic features affecting renal outcome Kidney Int 25 689 695
5. CC Mok RW Wong CS Lau 1999 Lupus nephritis in southern Chinese patients: clinicopathologic findings and long-term outcome Am J Kidney Dis 34 315 323
6. JM Kremer GW Cannon 2004 Benefit/risk of leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis Clin Exp Rheumatol 22 5 suppl 35 S95 S100
7. CR Dequet DJ Wallace 2001 Novel therapies in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2 8 1045 1053
8. KF Siemasko AS Chong JW Williams EG Bremer A Finnegan 1996 Regulation of B cell function by the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide Transplantation 61 4 2635 2642
9. SK Manna BB Aggarwal 1999 Immunosuppressive leflunomide metabolites(A77 1726) blocks TNF-dependent nuclear factor-κB activation and gene expression J Immunol 162 2095 2102
10. Dimitrora P, Skapenko A, Schleyerbach R (2001) Immunomodulatory functions of leflunomide: inhibition of TH1 cell activation and promotion of TH2 differentiation. Arthritis Rheum 44(9 suppl):S216
11. Bartlett RR, Popovic S, Raiss RX (1988) Development of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice and the effects of drugs on this murine disease. Scand J Rheumatol 75(suppl):290-299
12. P Petera B Manger K Manger, et al. 2000 A pilot study of leflunomide in systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Rheum 43 suppl 241
13. Petri M (2001) High dose ARAVA in lupus. Arthritis Rheum 44(9 suppl):S280
14. CF Remer MH Weisman DJ Wallace 2001 Benefits of leflunomide in systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot observational study Lupus 10 7 480 483
15. LS Tam EK Li CK Wong CW Lam CC Szeto 2004 Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of leflunomide in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus 13 8 601 604
16. HY Wang TG Cui FF Hou, et al. 2008 Induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide combined with prednisone: a prospective multi-centre observational study Lupus 17 7 638 644