Focus on 14 sewage treatment plants in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa in order to gauge the efficiency of wastewater treatment

African Journal of Biotechnology

Volumn 8, Issue 14, 2009, Pages 3276-3285

  Samie, A ^a   Obi, C L ^b   Igumbor, J O ^c   Momba, M N B ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VENDA   (South Africa)

^b WALTER SISULU UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^d TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Bacteria; Diarrhoea; Environment; Microbial indicators; Public health; Sanitation; Sewage treatment plants; Wastewater; Water contamination

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; IRRIGATION (AGRICULTURE); PH; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; SALMONELLA; SEWAGE TREATMENT; SHIGELLA; SOUTH AFRICA; TEMPERATURE; VIBRIO; WATER SAMPLING;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; SALMONELLA; SHIGELLA; VIBRIO;

EID: 68949157041     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16845315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Adami G, Cabras I, Predonzani S, Barbieri P, Reisenhofer E (2007). Metal pollution assessment of surface sediments along a new gas pipeline in the Niger Delta (Nigeria). Environ. Monit. Assess. 125(1-3): 291-299
2. Bateman C (2000). KZN 'on the mend' from cholera. S. Afr. Med. J. 90(12): 1166-1167.
3. Belguith K, Hassen A, Bouslama L, Khira S, Aouni M (2007). Enterovirus circulation in wastewater and behavior of some serotypes during sewage treatment in Monastir, Tunisia J. Environ. Health 69(10): 52-56 (Pubitemid 46980844)
4. Bohdziewicz J, Sroka E (2006). Application of hybrid systems to the treatment of meat industry wastewater. Desalination 198(1-3): 33-40 (Pubitemid 44542437)
5. Broome Jm, Morris Pm, Nanthambwe Jg (2003). Hybrid treatment systems anaerobic ponds and trickling filters in Zimbabwe. Water Sci. Technol. 48(2): 349-356.
6. Chen S, Xu M, Cao H, Zhu J, Zhou K, Xu J, Yang X, Gan Y, Liu W, Zhai J, Shao Y (2004). The activated sludge fauna and performance of five sewage treatment plants in Beijing, China. Eur. J. Protozool. 40: 147-152.
7. Dalsgaard A, Forslund A, Sandvang D, Arntzen L, Keddy K (2001). Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak isolates in Mozambique and South Africa in 1998 are multiple-drug resistant, contain the SXT element and the aadA2 gene located on class 1 integrons. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 48(6): 827-838
8. Department of Water Affairs Forestry (DWAF) (1996). South African Water Quality Guidelines (2nd edn.) Vol.2: Domestic Use. Pretoria, RSA.
9. DWAF (2001). White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation for South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, September 2001, Pretoria, South Africa
10. El Kettani S, Azzouzi M (2006). Prevalence of helminths in a rural population using wastewater for agricultural purposes at Settat (Morocco) Sante 16(4): 245-251.
11. Fatoki OS, Awofolu OR, Genthe B (2003). Cadmium in the Umtata River and the associated health impact of on rural communities who are primary users of water from the river. Water SA 30(4): 507-514
12. Gaffga NH, Tauxe RV, Mintz ED (2007). Cholera: a new homeland in Africa? Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77(4): 705-713.
13. Gharbi-Khelifi H, Sdiri K, Ferre V, Harrath R, Berthome M, Billaudel S, Aouni M (2007). A 1 year study of the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Tunisia. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 13(1): 25-32.
14. Gibbs RA, Hu CJ, Ho GE, Phillips PA, Unkovich I (1997). Regrowth of faecal coliforms and Salmonellae in stored biosolids and soil amended with biosolids. Water Sci. Technol. 35(11-12): 269-275
15. Guévart E, Noeske J, Solle J, Essomba JM, Edjenguele M, Bita A, Mouangue A, Manga B (2006). [Factors contributing to endemic cholera in Douala, Cameroon]. Med. Trop. 66(3): 283-291
16. Herselman JE, Steyn CE, Snyman HG (2006). Dedicated land disposal of wastewater sludge in South Africa: leaching of trace elements and nutrients. Water Sci. Technol. 54(5): 139-146.
17. Horan NJ, Fletcher L, Betmal SM, Wilks SM, Keevil CW (2004). Die-off of enteric bacterial pathogens during mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Water Res. 38: 1113-1120. (Pubitemid 38229351)
18. Kim YK, Seo IS, Jung NC, Kim JY, Byun JH (2007). Status analysis and strategic framework for sanitation management in Asia and Africa. Water Sci. Technol. 56(5): 25-31.
19. Ljungstrom I, Castor B (1992). Immune response to Giardia lamblia in a water-borne outbreak of giardiasis in Sweden. J. Med. Microbiol. 36 (5): 347-352.
20. Moura A, Tacão M, Henriques I, Dias J, Ferreira P, Correia A (2007). Characterization of bacterial diversity in two aerated lagoons of a wastewater treatment plant using PCR-DGGE analysis. Microbiol Res. DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2007.06.005.
21. Al-Bastaki NM (2004). Performance of advanced methods for treatment of wastewater: UV/TiO2, RO and UF. Chem. Eng. Process 43: 935-940.
22. Obi CL, Bessong PO, Momba MNB, Potgieter N, Samie A, Igumbor EO (2004) Profiles of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial isolates and physico-chemical quality of water supply in rural Venda communities, South Africa. Water SA 30(4): 229-237. (Pubitemid 39484234)
23. Pike EB (1986). Pathogens in sewage (1) Agricultural use of sewage sludge and the control of disease. Water Pollut. Control 85: 472-477.
24. Pillay DG, Karas AJ, Sturm AW (1997). An Outbreak of Shiga Bacillus Dysentery in KwaZulu/Natal. South Afr. J. Infect. 34: 107-111.
25. Rawat KP, Sharma A, Rao SM (1998). Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of radiation disinfected municipal sewage. Water Res. 32(3): 737-740. (Pubitemid 28075216)
26. Robertson LJ, Hermansen L, Gjerde BK (2006). Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in sewage in Norway. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(8): 5297-5303.
27. Sahlström L, Aspan A, Bagge E, Danielsson-Tham ML, Albihn A (2004). Bacterial pathogen incidences in sludge from Swedish sewage treatment plants. Wat. Res. 38:1989-1994.
28. Swart N, Pool E (2007). Rapid detection of selected steroid hormones from sewage effluents using an ELISA in the Kuils River water catchment area, South Africa. J. Immunoassay Immunochem. 28(4): 395-408. (Pubitemid 47450898)
29. Tshibangu NN (1987). Water supplies and sanitary facilities in rural Transkei. S. Afr. Med. J. 71(6): 368-369.
30. Vereen jr E, Lowrance RR, Cole DJ, Lipp EK (2007). Distribution and ecology of campylobacters in coastal plain streams (Georgia, United States of America). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(5): 1395-1403.
31. Wagner M, Loy A (2002). Bacterial community composition and function in sewage treatment systems. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 13(3): 218-227.
32. Weinberg ZG, Ashbell G, Chen Y, Gamburg M, Sela S (2004). The effect of sewage irrigation on safety and hygiene of forage crops and silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 116: 271-280.
33. Wéry N, Lhoutellier C, Ducray F, Delgenès JP, Godon JJ (2008). Behaviour of pathogenic and indicator bacteria during urban quantitative PCR. Water Res. 42(1-2): 53-62.
34. WHO (1989). Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. Geneva, World Health Organization.
35. World Bank (1995). (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 778). Water and Sanitation Association: Review and Best Practice. WASA/TWUWS Draft Paper. World Bank, Washington, DC.