Case 25-2009: A 36-year-old woman with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 361, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 699-

  Burstein, Harold J ^a,b,d   Souter, Irene ^c,d   D'Alessandro, Helen Anne ^c,d   Sgroi, Dennis C ^c,d  

^a DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRCA1 PROTEIN; BRCA2 PROTEIN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; LEUPRORELIN; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; TAMOXIFEN; ANTINEOPLASTIC HORMONE AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; HER2 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; AXILLARY LYMPH NODE; BREAST BIOPSY; BREAST CANCER; BREAST TUMOR; CANCER GRADING; CANCER SURVIVAL; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY; FEMALE FERTILITY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARTIAL MASTECTOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPERM DONOR; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; ADULT; ANIMAL EMBRYO; CANCER STAGING; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CLINICAL STUDY; CRYOPRESERVATION; DIAGNOSIS; ECHOMAMMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FERTILITY; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETICS; LYMPHADENECTOMY; MAMMOGRAPHY; PAGET NIPPLE DISEASE; PATHOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENT DISEASE; SEGMENTAL MASTECTOMY; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY;

ADULT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, DUCTAL, BREAST; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; CRYOPRESERVATION; EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN; FEMALE; FERTILITY; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMANS; LEUPROLIDE; LYMPH NODE EXCISION; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASTECTOMY, SEGMENTAL; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; RADIOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; RECEPTOR, ERBB-2; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN; RECURRENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; TAMOXIFEN; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, MAMMARY;

EID: 68849123389     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcpc0902224     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et a eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer, 2002.
2. Singletary SE, Greene FL, Sobin LH. Classification of isolated tumor cells: clarification of the 6th edition of the American Joint Committeee on Cancer Staging Manual. Cancer 2003;98:2740-1.
3. Viale G, Maiorano E, Pruneri G, et al. Predicting the risk for additional axillary metastases in patients with breast carcinoma and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg 2005;241:319-25.
4. Tan LK, Giri D, Hummer AJ, et al. Occult axillary node metastases in breast cancer are prognostically significant: results in 368 node-negative patients with 20-year follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1803-9.
5. Giuliano AE. Z0010: a prognostic study of sentinel node and bone marrow micrometastases in women with clinical T1 or T2 N0 M0 breast cancer. Durham, NC: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group. (Accessed July 20, 2009, at https://www.acosog.org/studies/synopses/Z0010-Synopsis.pdf.)
6. Krag DN, Anderson SJ, Julian TB, et al. Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymphnode resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:881-8.
7. Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Glick JH, Thürlimann B, Senn HJ. First - select the target: better choice of adjuvant treatments for breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1772-6.
8. Clarke R, Liu MC, Bouker KB, et al. Antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer and the role of estrogen receptor signaling. Oncogene 2003;22:7316-39.
9. Loi S, Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, et al. Definition of clinically distinct molecular subtypes in estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas through genomic grade. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1239-46. [Erratum, J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3790.]
10. Sotiriou C, Wirapati P, Loi S, et al. Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: understanding the molecular basis of histologic grade to improve prognosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:262-72.
11. Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, Piette F, et al. Comparison of prognostic gene expression signatures for breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2008;9:394.
12. Sotiriou C, Pusztai L. Gene-expression signatures in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:790-800.
13. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al. A multi-gene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2817-26.
14. van de Vijver MJ, He YD, van 't Veer LJ, et al. A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1999-2009.
15. Fan C, Oh DS, Wessels L, et al. Concordance among gene-expression-based predictors for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:560-9.
16. Nixon AJ, Neuberg D, Hayes DF, et al. Relationship of patient age to pathologic features of the tumor and prognosis for patients with stage I or II breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:888-94.
17. Colleoni M, Rotmensz N, Peruzzotti G, et al. Role of endocrine responsiveness and adjuvant therapy in very young women (below 35 years) with operable breast cancer and node negative disease. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1497-503.
18. Singletary SE, Allred C, Ashley P, et al. Revision of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3628-36.
19. Chen SL, Hoehne FM, Giuliano AE. The prognostic significance of micrometastases in breast cancer: a SEER population-based analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:3378-84.
20. Colleoni M, Rotmensz N, Peruzzotti G, et al. Size of breast cancer metastases in axillary lymph nodes: clinical relevance of minimal lymph node involvement. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1379-89.
21. Gobardhan PD, Elias SG, Madsen EV, et al. Prognostic value of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with breast carcinoma: a cohort study. Ann Oncol 2009;20:41-8.
22. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, November 1-3, 2000. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2001;30:5-15.
23. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Bryant J, et al. Treatment of lymph-node-negative, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer: longterm findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomised clinical trials. Lancet 2004;364:858-68.
24. Albain K, Barlow W, Shak S, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal, node-positive, ER-positive breast cancer (S8814, INT0100). Breast Cancer Res Treatment 2007;106:Suppl 1:10. abstract.
25. Paik S, Tang G, Shak S, et al. Gene expression and benefit of chemotherapy in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3726-34.
26. Dellapasqua S, Colleoni M, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1736-50.
27. Parton M, Smith IE. Controversies in the management of patients with breast cancer: adjuvant endocrine therapy in premenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:745-52.
28. Walshe JM, Denduluri N, Swain SM. Amenorrhea in premenopausal women after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5769-79.
29. Davidson NE, O'Neill AM, Vukov AM, et al. Chemoendocrine therapy for premenopausal women with axillary lymph node-positive, steroid hormone receptorpositive breast cancer: results from INT 0101 (E5188). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5973-82.
30. Colleoni M, Gelber S, Goldhirsch A, et al. Tamoxifen after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women with lymph node-positive breast cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 13-93. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1332-41.
31. Thürlimann B, Price KN, Gelber RD, et al. Is chemotherapy necessary for premenopausal women with lower-risk nodepositive, endocrine responsive breast cancer? 10-Year update of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 11-93. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;113:137-44.
32. Gnant M, Mlineritsch B, Schippinger W, et al. Endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:679-91. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2009;360:2379.]
33. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: breast cancer. Fort Washington, PA: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (Accessed July 20, 2009, at http://www.nccn.org.)
34. Goldhirsch A, Ingle JN, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Thürlimann B, Senn HJ. Thresholds for therapies: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2009. Ann Oncol 2009 June 17 (Epub ahead of print).
35. Mancini J, Rey D, Preau M, Malavolti L, Moatti JP. Infertility induced by cancer treatment: inappropriate or no information provided to majority of French survivors of cancer. Fertil Steril 2008;90:1616-25.
36. Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, Trudeau M, Hood N. Risk of menopause during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2365-70.
37. Partridge A, Gelber S, Gelber RD, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Goldhirsch A, Winer E. Age of menopause among women who remain premenopausal following treatment for early breast cancer: longterm results from International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials V and VI. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:1646-53.
38. Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 2007;334:194.
39. Mueller BA, Simon MS, Deapen D, Kamineni A, Malone KE, Daling JR. Childbearing and survival after breast carcinoma in young women. Cancer 2003;98:1131-40.
40. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, et al. Cancer risk after exposure to treatments for ovulation induction. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169:365-75.
41. Barroso G, Menocal G, Felix H, Rojas-Ruiz JC, Arslan M, Oehninger S. Comparison of the efficacy of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and clomiphene citrate as adjuvants to recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2006;86:1428-31.
42. Oktay K, Hourvitz A, Sahin G, et al. Letrozole reduces estrogen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:3885-90.
43. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Oktay K. Safety of fertility preservation by ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins in patients with breast cancer: a prospective controlled study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2630-5.
44. Jain JK, Paulson RJ. Oocyte cryopreservation. Fertil Steril 2006;86:Suppl:1037-46.
45. Oktay K, Cil AP, Bang H. Efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2006;86:70-80.
46. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Practice Committee of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Ovarian tissue and oocyte cryopreservation. Fertil Steril 2008;90:Suppl:S241-S246.
47. Bedaiwy MA, Shahin AY, Falcone T. Reproductive organ transplantation: advances and controversies. Fertil Steril 2008;90:2031-55.
48. Oktay K, Oktem O. Ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation for fertility preservation for medical indications: report of an ongoing experience. Fertil Steril 2008 November 13 (Epub ahead of print).
49. Pereyra Pacheco B, Mendez Ribas JM, Milone G, et al. Use of GnRH analogs for functional protection of the ovary and preservation of fertility during cancer treatment in adolescents: a preliminary report. Gynecol Oncol 2001;81:391-7.
50. Morita Y, Perez GI, Paris F, et al. Oocyte apoptosis is suppressed by disruption of the acid sphingomyelinase gene or by sphingosine-1-phosphate therapy. Nat Med 2000;6:1109-14.