Global environmental cycling of γ-HCH and DDT in the 1980s - A study using a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model

Chemosphere

Volumn 76, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1509-1517

  Guglielmo, Francesca ^a   Lammel, Gerhard ^b,c   Maier Reimer, Ernst ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^c MASARYK UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Fate and distribution; GCM; Grass hopping; Semivolatile organics

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; OCEAN CURRENTS; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; SEA ICE; SEAWATER; SOILS; VEGETATION;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COUPLED ATMOSPHERE OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; FATE AND DISTRIBUTION; GRASS-HOPPING; HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANES; MARINE BIOGEOCHEMISTRIES; OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS;

CHLORPHENOTANE; LINDANE; SEA WATER;

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; DDT; HCH; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; PARTICULATE MATTER;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING; COASTAL WATERS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PHASE PARTITIONING; POROSITY; SEA; SOIL; VEGETATION; VOLATILIZATION; WATER CONTAMINATION;

AFRICA;

EID: 68849107836     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.024     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. AMAP, 2004. AMAP Assessment 2002: Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, xvi +310 pp.
2. Armitage J., Cousins I.T., Buck R.C., Prevedouros K., Russel M.H., MacLeod M., and Korzeniowski S.H. Modeling global-scale fate and transport of perfluorooctanoate emitted from direct sources. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 6969-6975
3. Axelman J., and Broman D. Budget calculations for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the northern hemisphere - a single-box-approach. Tellus 53B (2001) 235-259
4. Axelman J., and Gustafsson O. Global sinks of PCBs: a critical assessment of the vapor-phase hydroxy radical sink emphasizing field diagnostics and model assumptions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 16 (2002) 1111 10.1029/2002GB001904
5. Barrie L.A., Gregor D., Hargrave B., Lake R., Muir D., Shearer R., Tracey B., and Bidleman T. Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 122 (1992) 1-74
6. Boethling R., and Mackay D. Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals, Environmental and Health Sciences (2000), Lewis Publishers, New York
7. Dachs J., Bayona J.M., Ittekkot V., and Albaigés J. Monsoon-driven vertical fluxes of organic pollutants in the western Arabian Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 (1999) 3949-3956
8. Dachs J., Lohmann R., Ockenden W.A., Méjanelle L., Eisenreich S.J., and Jones K.C. Oceanic biogeochemical controls on global dynamics of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 4229-4237
9. Halsall C.J. Investigating the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the arctic: their atmospheric behaviour and interaction with the seasonal snow pack. Environ. Pollut. 128 (2004) 163-175
10. Huang P., Gong S.L., Zhao T.L., Neary L., and Barrie L.A. GEM/POPs: a global 3D dynamic model for semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants - part 2: global transports and budgets of PCBs. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 (2007) 4015-4025
11. Hung H., Halsall C.J., Blanchard P., Li H.H., Fellin P., Stern G., and Rosenberg B. Temporal trends of organochlorine pesticides in the Canadian arctic atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 862-868
12. Karickhoff S.W. Semi-empirical estimations of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils. Chemosphere 10 (1981) 833-846
13. Klöpffer W. Environmental hazard - assessment of chemicals and products, part II: persistence and degradability of organic chemicals. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 1 (1994) 107-116
14. Koziol A.S., and Pudykiewicz J.A. Global-scale environmental transport of persistent organic pollutants. Chemosphere 45 (2001) 1181-1200
15. Lammel, G., Feichter, J., Leip, A., 2001. Long-range transport and global distribution of semivolatile organic compounds: a case study on two modern agrochemicals. Report 324, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology.
16. Leip A., and Lammel G. Indicators for persistence and long-range transport potential as derived from multicompartment chemistry-transport modelling. Environ. Pollut. 128 (2004) 205-221
17. Lohmann R., Jurado E., Pilson M.E.Q., and Dachs J. Oceanic deep water formation as a sink for persistent organic pollutants. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) 10.1029/2006GL025953 (L12607)
18. Lohmann R., Breivik K., Dachs J., and Muir D. Global fate of POPs: current and future research directions. Environ. Pollut. 150 (2007) 150-165 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.051
19. Macdonald R.W., Barrie L.A., Bidleman T.F., Diamond M.L., Gregor D.J., Semkin R.G., Strachan W.M.J., Li Y.F., Wania F., Alaee M., Alexeeva L.B., Backus S.M., Bailey R., Bewers J.M., Gobeil C., Halsall C.J., Harner T., Hoff J.T., Jantunen L.M.M., Lockhart W.L., Mackay D., Muir D.C.G., Pudykiewicz J., Reimer K.J., Smith J.N., Stern G.A., Schroeder W.H., Wagemann R., and Yunker M.B. Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: five years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 254 (2000) 93-234
20. Maier-Reimer E. Geochemical cycles in an ocean circulation model: preindustrial tracer distributions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 7 (1993) 645-677
21. Maier-Reimer, E., Kriest, I., Segschneider, J., Wetzel, P., 2005. The HAMburg Ocean Carbon Cycle Model HAMOCC5.1. Technical Description Release 1.1. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.
22. Malanichev A., Mantseva E., Shatalov V., Strukov B., and Vulykh N. Numerical evaluation of the PCB transport over the northern hemisphere. Environ. Pollut. 128 (2004) 279-289
23. Marsland S.J., Haak H., Jungclaus J.H., Latif M., and Röske F. The Max-Planck- Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Modell. 5 (2003) 91-127
24. McMurdo C.J., Ellis D.A., Webster E., Butler J., Christensen R., and Reid L.K. Aerosol enrichment of the surfactant PFO and mediation of the water-air transport of gaseous PFOA. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 3969-3974
25. Roeckner, E., Bäuml, G., Bonaventura, L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I., Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E., Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schulzweida, U., Tompkins, A., 2003. The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part 1: model description. Report 349, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.
26. Scheringer M.F., Wegmann F., Fenner K., and Hungerbühler K. Investigation of the cold condensation of persistent organic chemicals with a global multimedia fate model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (2000) 1842-1850
27. Scheringer M., Stroebe M., Wania F., Wegmann F., and Hungerbühler K. The effect of export to the deep sea on the long-range transport potential of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 11 (2004) 41-48
28. Schwarzenbach R., Gschwend P.M., and Imboden D.M. Environmental Organic Chemistry (2003), Wiley, New York
29. Semeena V.S., and Lammel G. Effects of various scenarios upon entry of DDT and γ-HCH into the global environment on their fate as predicted by a multicompartment chemistry-transport model. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 12 (2003) 925-939
30. Semeena V.S., and Lammel G. Significance of the grasshopper effect on the atmospheric distribution of persistent organic substances. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) 10.1029/2004GL022229 (L07804)
31. Semeena V.S., Feichter J., and Lammel G. Significance of regional climate and substance properties on the fate and atmospheric long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants - examples of DDT and γ-HCH. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 (2006) 1231-1248
32. Stier P., Feichter J., Kinne S., Kloster S., Vignati E., Wilson J., Ganzeveld L., Tegen I., Werner M., Balkanski Y., Schulz M., Boucher O., Minikin A., and Petzold A. The aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 (2005) 1125-1156
33. UNEP-GEF, 2003. Regionally based assessment of persistent toxic substances. .
34. Wania F., and Daly G.L. Estimating the contribution of degradation in air and deposition to the deep sea to the global loss of PCBs. Atmos. Environ. 36 (2002) 5581-5593
35. Wania F., and Mackay D. Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatile organochlorine compounds in polar regions. Ambio 22 (1993) 10-18
36. Wania F., and Mackay D. Global chemical fate of α-hexachlorocyclohexane, part 2: use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend predictions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18 (1999) 1400-1407
37. Wania F., Axelman J., and Broman D. A review of processes involved in the exchange of persistent organic pollutants across the air-sea interface. Environ. Pollut. 102 (1998) 3-23
38. 2 fluxes from 1948 to 2003: a model study. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19 (2005) gB2005 10.1029/2004GB002339