Irritability without elation in a large bipolar youth sample: Frequency and clinical description

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Volumn 48, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 730-739

  Hunt, Jeffrey ^a,e   Birmaher, Boris ^b   Leonard, Henrietta ^d   Strober, Michael ^c   Axelson, David ^b   Ryan, Neal ^b   Yang, Mei ^b   Gill, Marykay ^b   Dyl, Jennifer ^a   Esposito Smythers, Christianne ^a   Swenson, Lance ^a   Goldstein, Benjamin ^b   Goldstein, Tina ^b   Stout, Robert ^a   Keller, Martin ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Elation; Irritability; Phenomenology

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; IRRITABILITY; LIFESPAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANIA; MOOD DISORDER; MORBIDITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SAMPLE; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL STATUS;

EID: 68749109388     PISSN: 08908567     EISSN: 15275418     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181a565db     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
2. Biederman J, Wozniak J, Kiely K et al. CBCL clinical scales discriminate prepubertal children with structured interview-derived diagnosis of mania from those with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:464-471.
3. Biederman J. Mania is mistaken for ADHD in prepubertal children (Debate Forum: Affirmative). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37:1091-1093.
4. Biederman J, Mick E, Spencer T, Wilens T, Faraone S. Therapeutic dilemmas in the pharmacotherapy of bipolar depression in the young. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2000;10:185-192.
5. Biederman J, Faraone S, Wozniak J, Mick E, Kwon A, Aleardi M. Further evidence of unique developmental phenotypic correlates of pediatric bipolar disorder: findings from a large sample of clinically referred pre-adolescent children assessed over the last 7 years. J Affect Disord. 2004;82:S45-S58.
6. Carlson G, Meyer S. Phenomenology and diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: complexities and developmental issues. Dev Psychopathol. 2006;18:939-969.
7. Carlson G, Kelly K. Manic symptoms in psychiatrically hospitalized children - what do they mean? J Affect Disord. 1998;51:123-135.
8. Findling R, Gracious B, MaNamara N et al. Rapid, continuous cycling and psychiatric comorbidity in pediatric bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2001;3:202-210.
9. Geller B, Warner K, Williams M, Zimmerman B. Prepubertal and young adolescent bipolarity versus ADHD: assessment and validity using the WASH-U-KSADS, CBCL, and TRF. J Affect Disord. 1998;51:93-100.
10. Geller B, Zimmerman B, Williams M et al. Diagnostic characteristics of 93 cases of prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype by gender, puberty, and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2000;10:157-164.
11. Wozniak J, Biederman J, Kwon A et al. How cardinal are cardinal symptoms in pediatric bipolar disorder? An examination of clinical correlates. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:583-588.
12. Wozniak J, Biederman J, Kiely K, Ablon J, Faraone S, Mundy E. Manialike symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:867-876.
13. Pavuluri M, Birmaher B, Naylor M. Pediatric bipolar disorder: a review of the last 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:846-871.
14. Strober M, Birmaher B, Ryan N et al. Pediatric bipolar disease: current and future perspectives for study of its long-term course and treatment. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8:311-321.
15. Kowatch R, Youngstrom E, Danielyan A, Findling R. Review and meta-analysis of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of mania in children and adolescents. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7:483-496.
16. Geller B, Craney J, Bolhofner K, Nickelsburg M, Williams M, Zimmerman B. Two-year prospective follow-up of children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar phenotype. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:927-933.
17. Leibenluft E, Charney D, Towbin K, Bhangoo R, Pine D. Defining clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:430-437.
18. Leibenluft E, Blair J, Charney D, Pine D. Irritability in pediatric mania and other childhood psychopathology. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2003;1008: 201-218.
19. Rich B, Schmajuk M, Perez-Edgar K, Fox N, Pine D, Leibenluft E. Different psychophysiological and behavioral responses elicited by frustration in pediatric bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:309-317.
20. Brotman M, Kassem L, Reising M et al. Parental diagnoses in youth with narrow phenotype bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1238-1241.
21. Brotman M, Kassem L, Reising M et al. Parental diagnoses in youth with narrow phenotype bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1238-1241.
22. National Institute of Mental Health. Research roundtable on prepubertal bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40:871-878.
23. Birmaher B, Axelson D, Strober M et al. Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:175-183.
24. Axelson D, Birmaher B, Strober M et al. Phenomenology of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:1139-1148.
25. Hollingshead AB. Four-Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven: Yale University Sociology Department; 1975.
26. Peterson A, Crockett L, Richards M, Boxer A. A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms. J Youth Adolescence. 1988;17:117-133.
27. Marshall W, Tanner J. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child. 1970;45:13-23.
28. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1977;36:980-988.
29. Puig-Antich J, Chambers W, Ryan N. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (6-18 years) Kiddie-SADS Present Episode (K-SADS-P), Fourth Working Draft. Pittsburgh: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; 1986.
30. Birmaher B, Axelson D, Strober M et al. Comparison of manic and depressive symptoms between children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:52-62.
31. Axelson D, Birmaher B, Brent D et al. A preliminary study of the K-SADS Mania Rating Scale for children and adolescents. J. Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2003;13:463-470.
32. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J et al. Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40:1228-1231.
33. Asarnow JR, Ben-Meir S. Children with schizophrenia and depressive disorders: a comparative study of premorbid adjustment, onset pattern and severity of impairment. J Child Psych Psychiatry. 1988;29: 477-488.
34. First M, Spitzer R, Williams JB, Gibbon M. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV SCID. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 1995.
35. Weissman M, Wickramaratne P, Adams P, Wolk S, Verdeli H, Olfson M. Brief screening for family psychiatric history: the family history screen. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:675-682.
36. Masi G, Perugi G, Toni C et al. The clinical phenotypes of juvenile bipolar disorder: toward a validation of the episodic-chronic distinction. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59:603-610.
37. Brotman M, Schmajuk M, Rich B et al. Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children. Biol Psychiatry. 2006, 60:991-997.
38. Casey BJ, Jones RM, Hare TA. The adolescent brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1124:111-126.
39. Gogtay N, Giedd J, Lusk L et al. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8174-8179.
40. Rende R, Birmaher B, Axelson D et al. Childhood-onset bipolar disorder: evidence for increased familial loading of psychiatric illness. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46:197-204.