Testing the influence of small crystals on ice size spectra using Doppler lidar observations

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 36, Issue 12, 2009, Pages

  Westbrook, C D ^a   Illingworth, A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODEL; CLOUD DROPLETS; CONCENTRATION OF; DOPPLER LIDARS; DOPPLER VELOCITY; FORWARD MODELLING; ICE CLOUDS; ICE CRYSTALS; IN-SITU; LARGE CRYSTAL; LIDAR OBSERVATION; MEAN VELOCITIES; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PARTICLE GROWTH; SIZE SPECTRUM; SMALL CRYSTALS; SMALL PARTICLES; VERTICAL VELOCITY;

CLOUDS; DOPPLER EFFECT; ICE; OPTICAL RADAR; PROBES;

CRYSTALS;

CLIMATE MODELING; DOPPLER LIDAR; ICE CRYSTAL; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PROBE; STRATIFORM CLOUD;

EID: 68749099446     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009GL038186     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Boudala, F. S. (2007), The sensitivity of the radiation budget in a climate model simulation to neglecting the effect of small ice particles, J. Clim., 20, 3527.
2. Boudala, F. S., et al. (2002), Parameterization of effective particle size for high-latitude clouds, Int. J. Climatol., 22, 1267.
3. Brown, P. R. A., and P. N. Francis (1995), Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 410.
4. De Leon, R. R., and J. Haigh (2007), Infrared properties of cirrus clouds in climate models, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 273.
5. Donovan, D. P. (2003), Ice-cloud effective particle size parameterization based on combined lidar, radar reflectivity, and mean Doppler velocity measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D18), 4573, doi:10.1029/2003JD003469.
6. Field, P. R., et al. (2003), Ice particle interarrival times measured with a fast FSSP, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 249.
7. Francis, P. N., et al. (1998), The retrieval of cirrus cloud properties from aircraft multi-spectral reflectance measurements during EUCREX 93, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 124, 1273.
8. Gardiner, B. A., and J. Halleft (1985), Degradation of in-cloud forward scattering spectrometer probe measurements in the presence of ice crystals, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 171.
9. Gayet, J., et al. (2007), Microphysical and optical properties of midlatitude cirrus clouds observed in the southern hemisphere during INCA, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 132, 2719. (Pubitemid 46218311)
10. Heymsfield, A. J. (2007), On measurements of small ice particles in clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23812, doi:10.1029/2007GL030951.
11. Heymsfield, A. J., and G. J. McFarquhar (2002), Mid-latitude and tropical cirrus: Microphysical properties, in Cirrus, edited by D. K. Lynch et al., pp. 78-101, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U. K.
12. Illingworth, A. J., et al. (2007), Cloudnet: Continuous evaluation of cloud profiles in seven operational models using ground-based observations, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 838.
13. International Organization for Standardization (1975), Standard atmosphere, Rep. ISO 2533, Int. Organ, for Stand., Geneva, Switzerland.
14. Ivanova, D., et al. (2001), A GCM parametrization for bimodal size spectra and ice mass removal rates in mid-latitude cirrus clouds, Atmos. Res., 59-60, 89. (Pubitemid 34010777)
15. Korolev, A., et al. (2000), Ice particle habits in stratiform cloud, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 2873. (Pubitemid 30833379)
16. Lawson, R. P., et al. (2006), In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus and anvil clouds. Part II: Cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3186.
17. McFarquhar, G. M., J. Um, M. Freer, D. Baumgardner, G. L. Kok, and G. Mace (2007), Importance of small ice crystals to cirrus properties: Observations from the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE), Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13803, doi:10.1029/2007GL029865.
18. Mitchell, D. L. (1991), Evolution of snow-size spectra in cyclonic storms. Part II: Deviations from the exponential form, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1885.
19. Mitchell, D. L. (1996), Use of mass- and area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1710.
20. Mitchell, D. L., P. Rasch, D. Ivanova, G. McFarquhar, and T. Nousiainen (2008), Impact of small ice crystal assumptions on ice sedimentation rates in cirrus clouds and GCM simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L09806, doi:10.1029/2008GL033552.
21. Piatt, C. M. R., J. D. Spinhirne, and W D. Hart (1989), Optical and microphysical properties of a cold cirrus cloud: Evidence for regions of small ice particles, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,151.
22. Westbrook, C. D. (2008), The fall speeds of sub-100μm ice crystals, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 1243.
23. Wilson, D. R., and S. P. Ballard (1999), A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the UK Meteorological Office unified model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1607.