NO2 columns in the western United States observed from space and simulated by a regional chemistry model and their implications for NO x emissions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 114, Issue 11, 2009, Pages

  Kim, S W ^a,f   Heckel, A ^b,h   Frost, G J ^f   Richter, A ^b   Gleason, J ^g   Burrows, J P ^b,e   McKeen, S ^a,f   Hsie, E Y ^a,f   Granier, C ^a,c,d,f   Trainer, M ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^c SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^d CNRS   (France)

^e CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^f EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^g NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^h SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ELECTRIC LOAD FORECASTING; ELECTRON OPTICS; NASA; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; OZONE; POWER PLANTS; SATELLITES; SOLAR ENERGY; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETERS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

BACK-SCATTERED; CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS; CHEMISTRY MODELS; COMPARISON STANDARD; ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION; EMISSION INVENTORIES; MODEL ASSUMPTIONS; MODEL SIMULATION; MOTOR VEHICLE; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIONS; NEW MEXICO; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENTS; POINT SOURCES; POWER-PLANT EMISSIONS; SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SATELLITE RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; SCANNING IMAGING ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER FOR ATMOSPHERIC CHARTOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY RANGE; SENSITIVITY TESTS; SOLAR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION; SPACE-BASED OBSERVATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC COLUMNS; URBAN AREAS; VERTICAL COLUMNS; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING; WEST COAST; WESTERN UNITED STATES;

SIMULATORS;

ALGORITHM; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BACKSCATTER; ELECTRICAL POWER; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION; EMISSION INVENTORY; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OZONE; POWER GENERATION; POWER PLANT; SATELLITE DATA; SCIAMACHY; URBAN AREA;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 68749092156     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011343     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Ackermann, I. J., H. Hass, M. Memmesheimer, A. Ebel, F. S. Binkowski, and U. Shankar (1998), Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe: Development and first applications, Atmos. Environ., 32(17), 2981-2999, doi:10.1016/S1352- 2310(98)00006-5.
2. Air Resources Board and Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment (2006), Review of the California ambient air quality standard for nitrogen dioxide, report, Calif. Environ. Prot. Agency, Sacramento. (Available at ftp://ftp.arb.ca.gov/carbis/research/aaqs/no2rs/no2tech-draft.pdf)
3. Ban-Weiss, G. A., J. P. McLaughlin, R. A. Harley, M. M. Lunden, T. W. Kirchstetter, A. J. Kean, A. W. Strawa, E. D. Stevenson, and G. R. Kendall (2008), Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 42(2), 220-232, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.049.
4. 2 by GOME measurements: A signature of anthropogenic sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2225-2232.
5. 2 using GOME narrow swath mode data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1913-1924.
6. x emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24812, doi:10.1029/2005GL024640.
7. Bey, I., D. Jacob, R. Yantosca, J. Logan, B. Field, A. Fiore, Q. Li, H. Liu, L. Mickley, and M. Schultz (2001), Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D19), 23,073-23,095, doi:10.1029/2001JD000807.
8. Bishop, G. A., and D. H. Stedman (2008), A decade of on-road emissions measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(5), 1651-1656, doi:10.1021/es702413b.
9. Boersma, K. F., H. J. Eskes, and E. J. Brinksma (2004), Error analysis for tropospheric NO2 retrieval from space, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04311, doi:10.1029/2003JD003962.
10. Bovensmann, J., J. P. Burrows, M. Buchwitz, J. Frerick, S. Noel, V. V. Rozanov, K. V. Chance, and A. P. H. Goede (1999), SCIAMACHY: Mission objectives and measurement modes, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 127-150, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999) 056〈0127:SMOAMM〉2.0.CO;2.
11. 2 vertical column retrieval from the ozone monitoring instrument, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1245 -1258, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.863715.
12. Bucsela, E. J., et al. (2008), Comparison of tropospheric NO2 from in situ aircraft measurements with near-real-time and standard product data from OMI, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16S31, doi:10.1029/2007JD008838.
13. Burrows, J. P., et al. (1999), The global ozone monitoring experiment (GOME): Mission concept and first scientific results, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 151-175, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056〈0151:TGOMEG〉2.0.CO;2.
14. Calvert, J. G., R. Atkinson, K. H. Becker, R. M. Kames, J. H. Seinfeld, T. H. Wallington, and G. Yarwood (2002), The Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 566 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U. K.
15. Celarier, E. A., et al. (2008), Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument nitrogen dioxide columns, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15S15, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008908.
16. Chance, K. (Ed.) (2002), OMI trace gas algorithms, version 2.0, ATBD-OMI-04, 78 pp., NASA Goddard Space Flight Cent., Greenbelt, Md. (Available at http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/eos-homepage/for-scientists/atbd/viewlnstrument. php?instrument=13)
17. Chen, F., and J. Dudhia (2001), Coupling an advanced land- surface(hydrology model with the Penn State(NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model description and implementation, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569-585, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129〈0569:CAALSH〉2.0.CO;2.
18. Dave, J. V. (1965), Multiple scattering in a non-homogeneous, Rayleigh atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 273-279, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965) 022〈0273:MSIANH〉2.0.CO;2.
19. Dentener, F., et al. (2006), Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: A multimodel evaluation, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002672.
20. Dudhia, J. (1989), Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046〈3077:NSOCOD〉2.0. CO;2.
21. Dyer, A. J., and B. B. Hicks (1970), Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 715-721, doi:10.1002/qj. 49709641012.
22. x emissions on ozone in the eastern United States: Proof of concept, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006354.
23. Galloway, J. N., et al. (2004), Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future, Biogeochemistry, 70(2), 153-226, doi:10.1007/sl0533-004-0370-0.
24. Geiger, H., I. Barnes, I. Bejan, T. Benter, and M. Spittler (2003), The tropospheric degradation of isoprene: An updated module for the regional atmospheric chemistry mechanism, Atmos. Environ., 37(11), 1503-1519, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01047-6.
25. Grell, G. A., and D. Devenyi (2002), A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), 1693, doi:10.1029/2002GL0153U.
26. Grell, G. A., S. E. Peckham, R. Schmitz, S. A. McKeen, G. Frost, W. C. Skamarock, and B. Eder (2005), Fully coupled "online" chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39(31), 6957-6975, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005. 04.027.
27. Harley, R. A., L. C. Marr, J. K. Lehner, and S. N. Giddings (2005), Changes in motor vehicle emissions in diurnal to decadal time scales and effects on atmospheric composition, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39(14), 5356-5362, doi:10.1021/es048172+.
28. Hong, S.-Y., J. Dudhia, and S.-H. Chen (2004), A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 103-120, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004) 132〈0103 :ARATIM〉2.0.CO;2.
29. Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia (2006), a new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318-2341, doi:10.1175/MWR3199.1.
30. Horowitz, L. W., et al. (2003), A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4784, doi:10.1029/2002JD002853.
31. x sources using satellite observations: Relative roles of fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and soil emissions, Faraday Discuss., 130, 407-423, doi:10.1039/b502128f.
32. x emission reductions and their impact on air quality, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22812, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL027749.
33. Koelemeijer, R. B. A., J. F. de Haan, and P. Stammes (2003), A database of spectral surface reflectivity in the range 335-772 nm derived from 5.5 years of GOME observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 4070, doi:10.1029/2002JD002429.
34. x emissions on a continental scale using satellite data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1747-1770.
35. Levelt, P. F., G. H. J. van den Oord, M. R. Dobber, A. Malkki, H. Visser, J. de Vries, P. Stammes, J. Lundell, and H. Saari (2006), The ozone monitoring instrument, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1093-1101, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333.
36. Madronich, S. (1987), Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 92(D8), 9740-9752, doi:10.1029/JD092iD08p09740.
37. Martin, R. V., D. J. Jacob, R. M. Yantosca, M. Chin, and P. Ginoux (2003a), Global and regional decreases in tropospheric oxidants from photochemical effects of aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4097, doi:10.1029/2002JD002622.
38. 2 columns, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D17), 4537, doi:10.1029/2003JD003453.
39. Martin, R. V., B. Sauvage, I. Folkins, C. E. Sioris, C. Boone, P. Bernath, and J. Ziemike (2007), Space-based constraints on the production of nitric oxide by lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09309, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD007831.
40. McKeen, S. A., G. Wotawa, D. D. Parrish, J. S. Holloway, M. P. Buhr, G. Hubler, F. C. Fehsenfeld, and J. F. Meagher (2002), Ozone production from Canadian wildfires during June and July of 1995, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D14), 4192, doi:10.1029/2001JD000697.
41. Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough (1997), Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the long-wave, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16,663-16,682, doi:10.1029/97JD00237.
42. 2 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 6469-6499.
43. 2 (MPAN), Atmos. Environ., 36(11 ), 1895-1900, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00090-0.
44. Palmer, P. I., D. J. Jacob, K. Chance, R. V. Martin, R. J. D. Spurr, T. P. Kurosu, I. Bey, R. Yantosca, and A. Fiore (2001), Air-mass factor formulation for spectroscopic measurements from satellites: Application to formaldehyde retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D13), 14,539-14,550, doi:10.1029/2000JD900772.
45. Park, R. J., D. J. Jacob, B. D. Field, R. M. Yantosca, and M. Chin (2004), Natural and transboundary pollution influences on sulfate-nitrate- ammonium aerosols in the United States: Implications for policy, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15204, doi:10.1029/2003JD004473.
46. Paulson, C. A. (1970), The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer, J. Appl. Meteorol., 9, 857-861, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1970)009〈0857:TMROWS〉2.0. CO;2.
47. Richter, A., and J. P. Burrows (2002), Tropospheric NO2 from GOME measurements, Adv. Space Res., 29, 1673-1683, doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00100-X.
48. Richter, A., J. P. Burrows, H. Nub, C. Granier, and U. Niemeier (2005), Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide levels over China observed from space, Nature, 437, 129-132, doi:10.1038/nature04092.
49. Rozanov, V., D. Diebel, R. Spurr, and J. Burrows (1997), GOMETRAN: A radiative transfer model for the satellite project GOME, the plane-parallel version, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16,683-16,695, doi:10.1029/96JD01535.
50. Ryerson, T. B., et al. (1998), Emissions lifetimes and ozone formation in power plant plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D17), 22,569-22,583, doi:10.1029/98JD01620.
51. Sander, S. P., et al. (2006), Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies evaluation number 15, JPL Publ., 06-2, 523 pp.
52. x lifetimes and impact of the complex Alpine topography on the retrieval, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5971-5987.
53. Schell, B., I. J. Ackermann, H. Hass, F. S. Binkowski, and A. Ebel (2001), Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28,275-28,293, doi:10.1029/2001JD000384.
54. Shettle, E. P., and R. W. Fenn (1979), Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties, Rep. AFGL TR-79-0214, 94 pp., Air Force Geophys. Lab., Bedford, Mass.
55. Skamarock, W. C. (2006), Positive-definite and monotonie limiters for unrestricted-time-step transport schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2241-2250, doi:10.1175/MWR3170.1.
56. Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, W. Wang, and J. G. Powers (2007), A description of the advanced research WRF version 2, NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-468+STR, 100 pp., UCAR Commun., Boulder, Colo.
57. Solomon, S., R. W. Portmann, R. W. Sanders, J. S. Daniel, W. Madsen, B. Bartram, and E. G. Dutton (1999), On the role of nitrogen dioxide in the absorption of solar radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D10), 12,047-12,058, doi:10.1029/1999JD900035.
58. Stockwell, W. R., P. Middleton, J. S. Chang, and X. Tang (1990), The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 95(D10), 16,343-16,367, doi:10.1029/JD095iD10p16343.
59. Stockwell, W. R., F. Kirchner, M. Kuhm, and S. Seefeld (1997), A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D22), 25,847-25,879, doi:10.1029/97JD00849.
60. Tyndall, G., R. Cox, C. Granier, R. Lesclaux, G. Moortgat, M. Pilling, A. Racishankara, and T. Wallington (2001), Atmospheric chemistry of small organic peroxy radicals, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D11), 12,157-12,182, doi:10.1029/ 2000JD900746.
61. x Budget Trading Program 2003 progress and compliance report, Rep. EPA-430-R-04-010, 28 pp., Clean Air Markets Div., Off. of Air and Radiat., Washington, D. C. (Available at http://www.epa.gov/airmarkt/progress/docs/noxreport03.pdf).
62. 2 over China, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12317, doi:10.1029/2005JD006594.
63. 2 measured from space, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04302, doi:10.1029/2007JD009021.
64. 2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2943-2979.
65. 2 column densities using direct-Sun mode Brewer measurements at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16S45, doi:10.1029/2007JD008988.
66. Wicker, L. J., and W. C. Skamarock (2002), Time splitting methods for elastic models using forward time schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2088-2097, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130〈2088:TSMFEM〉2.0.CO;2.
67. Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan (2003), An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952.