Extended thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins after hospital discharge in high-risk surgical and medical patients: A review

Clinical Therapeutics

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1129-1141

  Huo, Michael H ^a   Muntz, James ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

heparin; low molecular weight; outpatient; prophylaxis; thromboembolism; venous thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; DALTEPARIN; ENOXAPARIN; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PLACEBO; TINZAPARIN; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ABDOMINAL SURGERY; BLEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COST CONTROL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SYNTHESIS; ECHOGRAPHY; FOOD; FOOD DRUG INTERACTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITALIZATION COST; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG EMBOLISM; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PELVIS SURGERY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SURGICAL PATIENT; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT DURATION; VEIN THROMBOSIS; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANTICOAGULANTS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; HEPARIN, LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HUMANS; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PULMONARY EMBOLISM; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 68649085174     PISSN: 01492918     EISSN: 1879114X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.06.002     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Geerts W.H., Bergqvist D., Pineo G.F., et al., the American College of Chest Physicians. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest 133 Suppl 6 (2008) 381S-453S
2. The Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust, the Cyprus Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust, the European Venous Forum, the International Surgical Thrombosis Forum, the International Union of Angiology, and the Union Internationale de Phlébologie. Prevention and treatment of venous throm-boembolism. International Consensus Statement (guidelines according to scientific evidence). Int Angiol. 25 (2006) 101-161
3. Agnelli G., Bolis G., Capussotti L., et al. A clinical outcome-based prospective study on venous thromboembolism after cancer surgery: The @RISTOS project. Ann Surg. 243 (2006) 89-95
4. Samama M.M., Cohen A.T., Darmon J.Y., et al., the Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the preven- tion of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 341 (1999) 793-800
5. Warwick D., Friedman R.J., Agnelli G., et al. Insufficient duration of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement when compared with the time course of thromboembolic events: Findings from the Global Orthopaedic Registry. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 89 (2007) 799-807
6. Edelsberg J., Hagiwara M., Taneja C., and Oster G. Risk of venous thromboembolism among hospitalized medically ill patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 63 Suppl 6 (2006) S16-S22
7. Planes A., Vochelle N., Darmon J.Y., et al. Risk of deep-venous thrombosis after hospital discharge in patients having undergone total hip replacement: Double-blind randomised comparison of enoxaparin versus placebo. Lancet 348 (1996) 224-228
8. Lassen M.R., Borris L.C., Anderson B.S., et al. Efficacy and safety of prolonged thromboprophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) after total hip arthroplasty-the Danish Prolonged Prophylaxis (DaPP) Study. Thromb Res. 89 (1998) 281-287
9. Comp P.C., Spiro T.E., Friedman R.J., et al., the Enoxaparin Clinical Trial Group. Prolonged enoxaparin therapy to prevent venous thromboembolism after primary hip or knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83-A (2001) 336-345
10. Bergqvist D., Agnelli G., Cohen A.T., et al., the ENOXACAN II Investigators. Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med. 346 (2002) 975-980
11. Rasmussen M.S., Jorgensen L.N., Wille-Jørgensen P., et al., the FAME Investigators. Prolonged prophylaxis with dalteparin to prevent late thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A multi-center randomized open-label study. J Thromb Haemost. 4 (2006) 2384-2390
12. Hull R.D., Schellong S.M., Tapson V.F., et al. Extended-duration thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recent reduced mobility: Methodology for the EXCLAIM study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 22 (2006) 31-38
13. Anderson Jr. F.A., Hirsh J., White K., Fitzgerald Jr. R.H., and the Hip and Knee Registry Investigators. Temporal trends in prevention of venous thromboembolism following primary total hip or knee arthroplasty 1996-2001: Findings from the Hip and Knee Registry. Chest 124 Suppl 6 (2003) 349S-356S
14. Spencer F.A., Lessard D., Emery C., et al. Venous thromboembolism in the outpatient setting. Arch Intern Med. 167 (2007) 1471-1475
15. Heit J.A., Silverstein M.D., Mohr D.N., et al. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A population-based case-control study. Arch Intern Med. 160 (2000) 809-815
16. Samama M.M. An epidemiologic study of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in medical outpatients: The Sirius study. Arch Intern Med. 160 (2000) 3415-3420
17. Huerta C., Johansson S., Wallander M.A., and García Rodríguez L.A. Risk factors and short-term mortality of venous thromboembolism diagnosed in the primary care setting in the United Kingdom. Arch Intern Med. 167 (2007) 935-943
18. Schellong S., Hesselschwerdt H.J., Paar W.D., and von Hanstein K.L. Rates of proximal deep vein thrombosis as assessed by compression ultra-sonography in patients receiving prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin after major orthopedic surgery. Thromb Haemost. 94 (2005) 532-536
19. White R.H., Romano P.S., Zhou H., et al. Incidence and time course of thromboembolic outcomes following total hip or knee arthroplasty. Arch Intern Med. 158 (1998) 1525-1531
20. Dahl O.E., Gudmundsen T.E., and Haukeland L. Late occurring clinical deep vein thrombosis in joint-operated patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 71 (2000) 47-50
21. Bjørnarå B.T., Gudmundsen T.E., and Dahl O.E. Frequency and timing of clinical venous thromboembolism after major joint surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 88 (2006) 386-391
22. Douketis J.D., Eikelboom J.W., Quinlan D.J., et al. Short-duration prophylaxis against venous throm-boembolism after total hip or knee replacement: A meta-analysis of prospective studies investigating symptomatic outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 162 (2002) 1465-1471
23. Oger E., Bressollette L., Nonent M., et al. High prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis on admission in a medical unit among elderly patients. Thromb Haemost. 88 (2002) 592-597
24. Leizorovicz A., Cohen A.T., Turpie A.G., et al., the PREVENT Medical Thromboprophylaxis Study Group. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Circulation 110 (2004) 874-879
25. Lechler E., Schramm W., Flosbach C.W., and the Prime Study Group. The venous thrombotic risk in non-surgical patients: Epidemiological data and efficacy/safety profile of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin). Haemostasis 26 Suppl 2 (1996) 49-56
26. Kleber F.X., Witt C., Vogel G., et al., the THE-PRINCE Study Group. Randomized comparison of enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with heart failure or severe respiratory disease. Am Heart J. 145 (2003) 614-621
27. Cohen A.T., Davidson B.L., Gallus A.S., et al., the ARTEMIS Investigators. Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: Randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 332 (2006) 325-329
28. Gärdlund B., and the Heparin Prophylaxis Study Group. Randomised, controlled trial of low-dose heparin for prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with infectious diseases. Lancet 347 (1996) 1357-1361
29. Dahl O.E., Andreassen G., Aspelin T., et al. Prolonged thromboprophylaxis following hip replacement surgery-results of a double-blind, prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study with dalteparin (Fragmin). Thromb Haemost. 77 (1997) 26-31
30. Bergqvist D., Benoni G., Björgell O., et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med. 335 (1996) 696-700
31. Eikelboom J.W., Quinlan D.J., and Douketis J.D. Extended-duration prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement: A meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet 358 (2001) 9-15
32. Hull R.D., Pineo G.F., Stein P.D., et al. Extended out-of-hospital low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis in patients after elective hip arthroplasty: A systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 135 (2001) 858-869
33. Eriksson B.I., Bauer K.A., Lassen M.R., and Turpie A.G. Influence of the duration of fondaparinux (Arixtra) prophylaxis in preventing venous thromboembolism following major orthopedic surgery. J Thromb Haemost. 1 (2003) 383-384
34. Rasmussen M.S., Jørgensen L.N., and Wille-Jørgensen P. Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1 (2009) CD004318
35. Bridges G.G., Lee M.D., Jenkins J.K., et al. Expedited discharge in trauma patients requiring anticoagulation for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis: The LEAP Program. J Trauma 54 (2003) 232-235
36. Detournay B., Planes A., Vochelle N., and Fagnani F. Cost effectiveness of a low-molecular-weight heparin in prolonged prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. PharmacoEconomics 13 (1998) 81-89
37. Friedman R.J., and Dunsworth G.A. Cost analyses of extended prophylaxis with enoxaparin after total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 370 (2000) 171-182
38. Bergqvist D., and Jönsson B. Cost-effectiveness of prolonged administration of a low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis following total hip replacement. Value Health 2 (1999) 288-294
39. Sarasin F.P., and Bounameaux H. Out of hospital antithrombotic prophylaxis after total hip replacement: Low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, aspirin, or nothing? A cost-effectiveness analysis. Thromb Haemost. 87 (2002) 586-592
40. Dahl O.E., and Pleil A.M. Investment in prolonged thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin improves clinical outcomes after hip replacement. J Thromb Haemost. 1 (2003) 896-906
41. Ansell J., Hirsh J., Hylek E., et al., the American College of Chest Physicians. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest 133 Suppl 6 (2008) 160S-198S
42. Hirsh J., Bauer K.A., Donati M.B., et al., the American College of Chest Physicians. Parenteral anticoagulants: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition) [published correction appears in Chest. 2008;134:473]. Chest 133 Suppl 6 (2008) 141S-159S
43. Colwell Jr. C.W., Pulido P., Hardwick M.E., and Morris B.A. Patient compliance with outpatient prophylaxis: An observational study. Orthopedics 28 (2005) 143-147
44. Maxwell G.L., Synan I., Hayes R.P., and Clarke-Pearson D.L. Preference and compliance in postoperative thromboembolism prophylaxis among gynecologic oncology patients. Obstet Gynecol. 100 (2002) 451-455
45. Noble S.I., Hood K., and Finlay I.G. The use of long-term low-molecular weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in palliative care patients with advanced cancer: A case series of sixty two patients. Palliat Med. 21 (2007) 473-476
46. Noble S.I., and Finlay I.G. Is long-term low-molecular-weight heparin acceptable to palliative care patients in the treatment of cancer related venous thromboembolism? A qualitative study. Palliat Med. 19 (2005) 197-201
47. Koopman M.M., Prandoni P., Piovella F., et al., the Tasman Study Group. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1251]. N Engl J Med. 334 (1996) 682-687
48. Wells P.S., Kovacs M.J., Bormanis J., et al. Expanding eligibility for outpatient treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with low-molecular-weight heparin: A comparison of patient self-injection with homecare injection. Arch Intern Med. 158 (1998) 1809-1812
49. Levine M., Gent M., Hirsh J., et al. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 334 (1996) 677-681
50. Spyropoulos A.C. Outpatient-based primary and secondary thrombo-prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 14 (2008) 63-74
51. Hull R.D., Pineo G.F., Brant R.F., et al., the LITE Trial Investigators. Self-managed long-term low-molecular-weight heparin therapy: The balance of benefits and harms. Am J Med. 120 (2007) 72-82
52. Iorio A., Guercini F., and Pini M. Low-molecular-weight heparin for the long-term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism: Meta-analysis of the randomized comparisons with oral anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost. 1 (2003) 1906-1913
53. Weitz J.I., Hirsh J., Samama M.M., and the American College of Chest Physicians. New antithrombotic drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition) [published correction appears in Chest. 2008;134:473]. Chest 133 Suppl 6 (2008) 234S-256S
54. National Quality Forum. National voluntary consensus standards for prevention and care of venous throm-boembolism: Policy, preferred practices, and initial performance measures. Executive summary. http://www.qualityforum.org/pdf/reports/vte/VTE-Executive-Summary.pdf Accessed November 11, 2008