Self-Managed Long-Term Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Therapy: The Balance of Benefits and Harms

American Journal of Medicine

Volumn 120, Issue 1, 2007, Pages

  Hull, Russell D ^a   Pineo, Graham F ^a   Brant, Rollin F ^b   Mah, Andrew F ^a   Burke, Natasha ^a   Dear, Richard ^a   Wong, Turnly ^c   Cook, Roy ^a   Solymoss, Susan ^d   Poon, Man Chiu ^a   Raskob, Gary ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Broad spectrum of patients; Long term low molecular weight heparin; Usual care anticoagulation; Vitamin K antagonist therapy

Indexed keywords

ANTIVITAMIN K; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; TINZAPARIN; WARFARIN;

ADULT; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OPEN STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SELF CARE;

EID: 33846009505     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.030     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Hyers T.M., Agnelli G., Hull R.D., et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. Chest 119 (2001) 176S-193S
2. Levine M., Gent M., Hirsh J., et al. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 334 (1996) 677-681
3. Koopman M.M.W., Prandoni P., Piovella F., et al. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. N Engl J Med 334 (1996) 682-687
4. Hull R.D., Hirsh J., Jay R., et al. Different intensities of oral anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 307 (1982) 1676-1681
5. Hirsh J., Dalen J.E., Anderson D.R., et al. Oral anticoagulants: mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range. Chest 119 (2001) 8S-21S
6. Kearon C., Ginsberg J.S., Kovacs M., et al. Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 631-639
7. Van der Heijden JF, Hutten BA, Buller HR, Prins MH. Vitamin K antagonist or low-molecular-weight heparin for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002: The Cochrane Library, 2002;(1):CD002001. Available at: www.cochrane.org.
8. Meyer G., Marjanovic Z., Valcke J., et al. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 1729-1735
9. Das S.K., Cohen A.T., Edmondson R.A., Melissari E., and Kakkar V.V. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus warfarin for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a randomized trial. World J Surg 20 (1996) 521-526
10. Gonzalez-Fajardo J.A., Arreba E., Castrodeza J., et al. Venographic comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with oral anticoagulant therapy in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 30 (1999) 283-290
11. Hamann H. Lrezidivporphylaxe nach phlebothrombose-orale antikoagulation oder niedermolekulares heparin subkutan [Low molecular with heparin versus coumarin in the prevention of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis]. VASOMED 10 (1998) 133-136
12. Lopaciuk S., Bielska-Falda H., Noszczyk W., et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus acenocoumarol in the secondary prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 81 (1999) 26-31
13. Lopez-Beret P., Orgaz A., Fonteuberta J., et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus oral anticoagulants in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 33 (2001) 77-90
14. Pini M., Aiello S., Manotti C., et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus warfarin in the prevention of recurrences after deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 72 (1994) 191-197
15. Veiga F., Escriba A., Maluenda M.P., et al. Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) versus oral anticoagulant therapy (acenocoumarol) in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis in the elderly: a randomized trial. Thromb Haemost 84 (2000) 559-564
16. Lee A.Y.Y., Levine M.N., Baker R.I., et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 146-153
17. Kher A., and Samama M.M. Primary and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism with low-molecular-weight heparins: prolonged thromboprophylaxis, an alternative to vitamin K antagonists. J Thromb Haemost 3 (2005) 473-481
18. LITE study investigators, Hull R.D., Pineo G.F., Mah A.F., and Brant R.F. Home-LITE: safety and efficacy results for a study investigating the long-term out-of-hospital treatment of patients with proximal venous thrombosis using subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin versus warfarin. Thromb Haemost. Suppl (2001) OC1647
19. Altman D.G., Schulz K.F., Moher D., et al. The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaborations. Ann Intern Med 134 (2001) 663-694
20. Moher D., Schulz K.F., and Altman D. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA 285 (2001) 1987-1991
21. Ioannidis J.P.A., Evans S.J.W., Gotzsche P.C., et al., CONSORT Group. Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT Statement. Ann Intern Med 141 (2004) 781-788
22. Hull R.D., Raskob G.E., Rosenbloom D., et al. Heparin for 5 days as compared with 10 days in the initial treatment of proximal venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 322 (1990) 830-831
23. Hull R.D., Raskob G.E., Rosenbloom D., et al. Optimal therapeutic level of heparin therapy in patients with venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 152 8 (1992) 1589-1595
24. Raschke R.A., Reilly B.M., Guidry J.R., et al. The weight-based heparin nomogram compared with a 'standard care' nomogram: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 119 (1993) 874-881
25. Hirsh J., Warkentin T.E., Shaughnessy S.G., et al. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest 119 (2001) 64S-94S
26. Lensing A.W.A., Prandoni P., Brandjes D., et al. Detection of deep-vein thrombosis by real-time B-mode ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 320 (1989) 342-345
27. The Columbus Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 337 (1997) 657-662
28. Rabinov K., and Paulin S. Roentgen diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the leg. Arch Surg 104 (1972) 134-144
29. Hull R.D., Carter C.J., Jay R.M., et al. The diagnosis of acute, recurrent, deep-vein thrombosis: a diagnostic challenge. Circulation 67 (1983) 901-906
30. Hull R.D., Hirsh J., Carter C.J., et al. Pulmonary angiography, ventilation lung scanning, and venography for clinically suspected pulmonary embolism with abnormal perfusion lung scan. Ann Intern Med 98 (1983) 891-899
31. A collaborative study by the PIOPED investigators. Value of the ventilation-perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 263 (1990) 2753-2759
32. Rathbun S.W., Raskob G.E., and Whitsett T.L. Sensitivity and specificity of helical computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 132 (2000) 227-232
33. Dalen J.E., Brooks H.L., Johnson L.W., et al. Pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism: indications, techniques, and results in 367 patients. Am Heart J 81 (1971) 175-185
34. Hull R., Delmore T., Genton E., et al. Warfarin sodium versus low-dose heparin in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 301 (1979) 855-858
35. Hull R.D., Raskob G.E., Pineo G.F., et al. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 326 (1992) 975-982
36. Hull R., Delmore T., Carter C., et al. Adjusted subcutaneous heparin versus warfarin sodium in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 306 (1982) 189-194
37. Hull R.D., Raskob G.E., Hirsh J., et al. Continuous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 315 (1986) 1109-1114
38. Hull R.D., Pineo G.F., Mah A.F., Brant R.F., and LITE Study Investigators. Long-term out-of-hospital treatment with low-molecular weight heparin versus warfarin sodium: a randomized trial comparing the quality of life associated with these antithrombotic therapies. Blood 98 (2001) 267A
39. Hull R.D., Pineo G.F., Mah A.F., Brant R.F., and LITE Study Investigators. A randomized trial evaluating long-term low-molecular-weight heparin therapy out-of-hospital versus warfarin sodium comparing the post-phlebitic outcomes at three months. Blood 98 (2001) 447A
40. Grambsch P., and Therneau T.M. Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals. Biometrika 81 (1994) 515-526
41. Bradburn M.J., Deeks J.J., and Altman D.G. Metan-an alternative meta-analysis command. Stata Tech Bull 44 (1998) 4-15
42. Matisse Investigators. Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 1695-1702
43. Buller H.R., Davidson B.L., Decousus H., et al. Fondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 140 (2004) 867-873
44. Samama C.M., Vray M., Barre J., et al., SACRE Study Investigators. Extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip replacement. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 2191-2196
45. Andriuoli G., Mastacchi R., Barnti M., et al. Comparison of the antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects of heparin and a new low molecular weight heparin in the rat. Haemostasis 15 (1985) 324-330
46. Carter C.J., Kelton J.G., Hirsh J., et al. The relationship between the hemorrhagic and antithrombotic properties of low molecular weight heparins and heparin. Blood 59 (1982) 1239-1245
47. Kakkar V.V., Gebska M., Kadziola Z., Saba N., Carrasco P., and Bemiparin Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin in the acute and long-term treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 89 (2003) 674-680
48. Marchetti M., Pistorio A., Barone M., Serafini S., and Barosi G. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus warfarin for secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Med 111 (2001) 130-139
49. Menendez-Jandula B., Souto J.C., Oliver A., et al. Comparing self-management of oral anticoagulant therapy with clinic management: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 142 (2005) 1-10
50. Hull R.D., Pineo G.F., Brant R.F., et al., LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term LMWH versus usual-care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med 119 (2006) 1062-1072