"Crazy? So what!":: A school programme to promote mental health and reduce stigma - Results of a pilot study

Health Education

Volumn 109, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 314-328

  Conrad, Ines ^a   Dietrich, Sandra ^a   Heider, Dirk ^a   Blume, Anne ^a   Angermeyer, Matthias C ^b   Riedel Heller, Steffi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^b Center for Public Mental Health   (Austria)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Children (age groups); Germany; Mental health services; Promotion; Schools

Indexed keywords

EID: 68349084644     PISSN: 09654283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/09654280910970893     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (2007), Research and consultation among young people on mental health issues: Final report 1997. Attachment E: Survey questionnaire, available at: www.healthconnect.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/53DB630F7EE51F6ACA25728B001C7871/$File/recons_ate.pdf (accessedwww.healthconnect.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/53DB630F7EE51F6ACA25728B001C7871/$File/recons_ate.pdf (accessed 20 November 2007).
2. Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnen und Psychologen (BPD) (Ed.) (2007), Bericht zur Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit in Deutschland (Report on children's and young people's health in Germany), available at: www.bdp-erband.org/bdp/politik/2007/Kinder-Jugendgesundheit-BDP-Bericht-2007.pdf
3. Brent, D.A., Perper, J.A., Goldstein, C.E., Kolko, D.J., Allan, M.J., Allman, C.J. and Zelenak, J.P. (1988), Risk-factors for adolescent suicide - a comparison of adolescent suicide victims with suicidal inpatients, Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 45, pp. 581-8.
4. Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer (2007), Pressemitteilung, 11 May.
5. Clark, D.C. (1993), Suicidal-behavior in childhood and adolescence - recent studies and clinical implications, Psychiatric Annals, Vol. 23, pp. 271-83.
6. Cowen, E., Wyman, P., Work, W. and Iker, M. (1995), A preventive intervention for enhancing resilience among highly stressed urban children, The Journal of Primary Prevention, Vol. 15, pp. 247-60.
7. Desforges, D.M., Lord, C.G., Ramsey, S.L., Mason, J.A., Vanleeuwen, M.D., West, S.C. and Lepper, M.R. (1991), Effects of structured cooperative contact on changingnegative attitudes toward stigmatized social-groups, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 531-44.
8. Eggert, L.L., Thompson, E.A., Herting, J.R. and Nicholas, L.J. (1995), Reducing suicide potential among high-risk youth - tests of a school-based prevention program, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior., Vol. 25, pp. 276-96.
9. European Commission (EC) (2007), Green paper Promoting the mental health of the population: Towards a strategy on mental health for the EU, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/mental/green_paper/mental_gp_en.pdf (accessed 20 October 2007).
10. Flay, B.R., Allred, C.G. and Ordway, N. (2001), Effects of the positive action program on achievement and discipline: two matched-control comparisons, Prevention Science, Vol. 2, pp. 71-89.
11. Fryers, T. and Brugha, T. (2006), Mindful - mental health information and determinants for the European level. Final technical implementation report. Annex 1. Childhood determinants of adult mental illness, available at: http://info.stakes.fi/NR/rdonlyres/A8D81F03-CD9C-463A-9374-E5251BA9E841/0/Consolidatedfinalreport.pdf
12. Hains, A.A. (1992), Comparison of cognitive-behavioral stress management-techniques with adolescent boys, Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 70, pp. 600-5.
13. Hodgson, C., Feldman, W., Corber, S. and Quinn, A. (1986), Adolescent health needs 2. Utilization of health-care by adolescents, Adolescence, Vol. 21, pp. 383-90.
14. Holzinger, A., Dietrich, S., Heitmann, S. and Angermeyer, M.C. (2008), Evaluation zielgruppenorientierter Antistigma-Interventionen. Eine systematische Übersicht, Psychiatrische Praxis, Vol. 35, pp. 376-86.
15. Hurrelmann, K., Klocke, A., Melzer, W. and Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2003), WHO-Jugendgesundheitssurvey - Konzept und ausgewählte Ergebnisse für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (The WHO adolescent health survey - Concept and selected results for Germany), Erziehungswissenschaft, Vol. 27, pp. 79-108.
16. Jaycox, L.H., Reivich, K.J., Gillham, J. and Seligman, M.E.P. (1994), Prevention of depressive symptoms in school-children, Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 32, pp. 801-16.
17. Kahn, J.S., Kehle, T.J., Jenson, W.R. and Clark, E. (1990), Comparison of cognitive-behavioral, relaxation, and self-modeling interventions for depression among middle-school students, School Psychology Review, Vol. 19, pp. 196-211.
18. Kalafat, J., Elias, M. and Gara, M.A. (1993), The relationship of bystander intervention variables to adolescents' responses to suicidal peers, The Journal of Primary Prevention, Vol. 13, pp. 231-44.
19. King, K.A. (2001), Developing a comprehensive school suicide prevention program, Journal of School Health, Vol. 71, pp. 132-7.
20. Laucht, M., Esser, G. and Schmidt, M.H. (1997), Wovor schützen Schutzfaktoren? Anmerkungen zu einem populären Konzept der modernen Gesundheitsforschung, Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, Vol. 29, pp. 260-70.
21. Lehr, C.A., Johnson, D.R., Bremer, C.D., Cosio, A. and Thompson, M. (2004), Essential Tools - Increasing Rates of School Completion: Moving from Policy and Research to Practice, National Center on Secondary Education and Transition, University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN, available at: www.ncset.org/publications/essentialtools/dropout/default.asp
22. Lopez, A.D., Mathers, C.D., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D.T. and Murray, C.J.L. (2006), Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors 2001: systematic analysis of population health data, Lancet, Vol. 367, pp. 1747-57.
23. Meise, U., Sulzenbacher, H., Kemmler, G., Schmid, R., Rossler, W. and Guenther, V. (2000), 'Nicht gefährlich, aber doch furchterregend' Ein Programm gegen Stigmatisierung von Schizophrenie in Schulen, Psychiatrische Praxis, Vol. 27, pp. 340-6.
24. Mind Matters (2007), Mind Matters - Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit in und mit Schulen, available at: www.mindmatters-schule.de/ (accessed 20 November 2007).
25. O'Kearney, R., Gibson, M., Christensen, H. and Griffiths, K.M. (2005), Effects of a cognitive-behavioural internet program on depression, vulnerability to depression and stigma in adolescent males: a school based controlled trial, Australian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 57, pp. 238-9.
26. Offer, D., Howard, K.I., Schonert, K.A. and Ostrov, E. (1991), To whom do adolescents turn for help - differences between disturbed and non-disturbed adolescents, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 30, pp. 623-30.
27. Orbach, I. and Barjoseph, H. (1993), The impact of a suicide-prevention program for adolescents on suicidal tendencies, hopelessness, ego identity, and coping, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol. 23, pp. 120-9.
28. Peden, A.R., Rayens, M.K., Hall, L.A. and Beebe, L.H. (2001), Preventing depression in high-risk college women: a report of an 18-month follow-up, Journal of American College Health., Vol. 49, pp. 299-306.
29. Possel, P., Baldus, C., Horn, A.B., Groen, G. and Hautzinger, M. (2005), Influence of general self-efficacy on the effects of a school-based universal primary prevention program of depressive symptoms in adolescents: a randomized and controlled follow-up study, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry., Vol. 46, pp. 982-94.
30. Quayle, D., Dziurawiec, S., Roberts, C., Kane, R. and Ebsworthy, G. (2001), The effect of an optimism and lifeskills program on depressive symptoms in preadolescence, Behaviour Change, Vol. 18, pp. 194-203.
31. Randell, B.P., Eggert, L.L. and Pike, K.C. (2001), Immediate post intervention effects of two brief youth suicide prevention interventions, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol. 31, pp. 41-61.
32. Ross, C.P. (1985), Teaching children the facts of life and death: suicide prevention in the schools, in Peck, M.L., Farberow, N.L. and Litman, R.E. (Eds), Youth Suicide, Springer, New York, NY, pp. 147-69.
33. Samhsah's National Mental Health Information Center (2003), Factsheet Child and Adolescent Mental Health, available at: http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/CA-0004/default.asp
34. Scheithauer, H. and Petermann, F. (1999), Zur Wirkungsweise von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren in der Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, Kindheit und Entwicklung, Vol. 8, pp. 3-14.
35. Schulze, B., Richter-Werling, M., Matschinger, H. and Angermeyer, M.C. (2003), Crazy? So what! Effects of a school project on students' attitudes towards people with schizophrenia, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica., Vol. 107, pp. 142-50.
36. Schwarzer, R. and Jerusalem, M. (1999), Skalen zur Erfassung von Lehrer- und Schülermerkmalen. Dokumentation der psychometrischen Verfahren im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellversuchs Selbstwirksame Schulen, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
37. Shafii, M., Whittinghill, J.R., Dolen, D.C., Pearson, V.D., Derrick, A. and Carrington, S. (1984), Psychological reconstruction of completed suicide in childhood and adolescence, in Sudak, H.S., Ford, A.B. and Rushforth, N.B. (Eds), Suicide in the Young, John Wright-PSG, Boston, MA, pp. 271-94.
38. Short, J.L. (2006), Evaluation of a substance abuse prevention and mental health promotion program for children of divorce, Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 28, pp. 139-55.
39. Sulzenbacher, H., Schmid, R., Kemmler, G., De Col, C. and Meise, U. (2002), Schizophrenia... 'to me this means a split personality' - a school program aimed at fighting the stigma of schizophrenia, Neuropsychiatrie, Vol. 16, pp. 93-8.
40. Thompson, E.A., Eggert, L.L. and Herting, J.R. (2000), Mediating effects of an indicated prevention program for reducing youth depression and suicide risk behaviors, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol. 30, pp. 252-71.
41. US Department of Health and Human Services (1999), Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
42. Weissman, M.M., Wolk, S., Goldstein, R.B., Moreau, D., Adams, P., Greenwald, S., Klier, C.M., Ryan, N.D., Dahl, R.E. and Wickramaratne, P. (1999), Depressed adolescents grown up, Journal of the American Medical Association., Vol. 281, pp. 1707-13.
43. World Health Organization (WHO) (2003), Caring for Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders: Setting WHO Directions, WHO, Geneva, available at: www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/785.pdf
44. World Health Organization (WHO) (2005), Mental Health Declaration for Europe, WHO, Copenhagen.
45. Wilson, C.J., Deane, F.P., Ciarrochi, J. and Rickwood, D. (2005), Properties of the general help-seeking questionnaire in high-school samples, Canadian Journal of Counselling., Vol. 39, pp. 15-28.
46. Wyn, J., Cahill, H., Holdsworth, R., Rowling, L. and Carson, S. (2000), MindMatters, a whole-school approach promoting mental health and wellbeing, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 34, pp. 594-601.