Into the abyss: Mortality and morbidity among detained immigrants

Human Rights Quarterly

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 474-495

  Venters, Homer ^a   Dasch Goldberg, Dana ^a   Rasmussen, Andrew ^a   Keller, Allen S ^a  

^a BELLEVUE HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISEASE CONTROL; HEALTH CARE; IMMIGRANT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 68149159898     PISSN: 02750392     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/hrq.0.0074     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Hearing on Detention and Removal: Immigration Detainee Medical Care Before the H. Subcomm. on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law, H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 110th Cong. (2007) (Presentation on Medical Care and Deaths in ICE Custody, Tom Jawetz, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) National Prison Project).
2. U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT (ICE), ICE: FISCAL YEAR 2007 ANNUAL REPORT (2007), available athttp://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/ice07ar-final.pdf.
3. Detention and Deportation Working Group, BRIEFING MATERIALS SUBMITTED TO THE UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF MIGRANTS 3 (2007) [hereinafter BRIEFING MATERIALS], available athttp://www.aclu.org/pdfs/humanrights/detention-deportation- briefing.pdf.
4. OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SECURITY, TREATMENT OF IMMIGRATI ON DETAINEES HOUSED AT IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT FACILITIES (2006) [hereinafter TREATMENT OF IMMIGRATION DETAINEES ], available athttp://trac.syr.edu/immigration/library/P1598.pdf.
5. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 45-47.
6. Leslie Berestein, Detention Dollars: Tougher Immigration Laws Turn the Ailing Private Prison Sector into a Revenue Maker, SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, 4 May 2008, available athttp://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20080504/news-lz1b4dollars.html.
7. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 47.
8. U.S. Government Acc ountabi lity Office (GAO ), Alie n Detention Standards app. V (2007), available athttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07875. pdf.
9. ICE, INS DETENTION STANDARD 2 (2000), available athttp://www.ice.gov/doclib/pi/dro/ opsmanual/medical.pdf.
10. Hearing on Detention and Removal: Immigration Detainee Medical Care Before the H. Subcomm. on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law, H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 110th Cong. (2007) (Statement of Gary E. Mead, Assistant Dir. for Management Office of Detention and Removal Operations, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Dep't of Homeland Sec.).
11. PHYSICIANS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS & BELLEVUE/NYU PROGRAM FOR SURVIVORS OF TORTURE, FROM PERSECUTION TO PRISON: THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF DETENTION FOR ASYLUM SEEKERS 1 (2003), available athttp://www. survivorsoftorture.org/files/pdf/perstoprison2003.pdf.
12. Id.at 2.
13. Id.
14. Id.
15. U.S. COMM'N ON INT'L RELIGIOUS FREEDOM (USCIRF), ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EXPEDITED REMOVAL: A STUDY AUTHORIZED BY SECTION 605 OF THE INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ACT OF 1998 (2005), available athttp://www. uscirf.gov/images/stories/pdf/asylum-seekers/execsum.pdf.
16. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 81.
17. Dana Priest & Amy Goldstein, System of Neglect, WASH. POST, 11-14 May 2008, at A1.
18. Allen S. Keller, Assoc. Professor of Med., NYU School of Med., Congressional Briefing on Medical Treatment at Immigration Detention Centers (9 July 2007), available athttp://www.aclu.org/pdfs/immigrants/allen-keller- congressionalbriefing-07-2007.pdf.
19. TREATMENT OF IMMIGRATION DETAINEES , supranote 4, at 5.
20. GAO , ALIEN DETENTION STANDARDS supranote 8, at 39.
21. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 65-66.
22. Parasitic infections of the central nervous system, such as neurocystercercosis, are more common among Latin American immigrants. Peter M. Schantz, Taenia Solium Cysticercosis: An Overview of Global Distribution and Transmission, inTAENIA SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS : FROM BASIC TO CLINICAL SCIENCE 63, 67 (Gagandeep Singh & Sudesh Prabhakar eds., 2002).
23. INS DETENTION STANDARD, supranote 9, at 3.
24. TREATMENT OF IMMIGRATION DETAINEES , supranote 4, at 3.
25. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 56.
26. TREATMENT OF IMMIGRATION DETAINEES , supranote 4, at 4.
27. Id. at 5.
28. Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief at 15, Woods v. Myers, No. 07CV01078 (S.D. Cal. filed 13 June 2007).
29. Henry Weinstein, Feds' Actions "Beyond Cruel," Judge Says,L.A. TIMES , 13 Mar. 2008, at B6.
30. Associated Press, California: Immigrant's Kin Can Sue Over Care, N.Y. Ti mes , 14 Mar. 2008.
31. Weinstein, supranote 29.
32. Id.
33. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 57.
34. SUNITA PATEL & TOM JAWETZ, ACLU, CONDITIONS OF CONFINEMENT IN IMMIGRATION DETENTION FACILITIES 5 (2007), available athttp://www.aclu.org/pdfs/prison/unsr-briefing-materials.pdf.
35. Mead, supranote 10, at 2.
36. DIVISION OF IMMIGRATION HEALTH SERVICES , DIHS MEDICAL DENTAL DETAINEE COVERED SERVICES PACKAGE (2005) [hereinafter Covered Services Package], available athttp://www.inshealth.org/ ManagedCare/Combined%20Benefit%20Package%202005.doc.
37. Id.at 1.
38. Mead, supranote 10, at 2.
39. COVERED SERVICES PACKAGE, supranote 36, at 1.
40. Id.
41. SeeNina Bernstein, A Jail Suicide Darkens a Family's American Dream, N.Y. TIMES , 23 Feb. 2007, at B1.
42. OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SEC ., OIG-08-52, ICE POLICIES RELATED TO DETAINEE DEATHS AND THE OVERSIGHT OF IMMIGRATION DETENTION FACILITIES 11 (2008).
43. See generallyJeanette A. McNeill, Gwen D. Sherwood & Patricia L. Starck, The Hidden Error of Mismanaged Pain: A Systems Approach, 28 J. PAIN & SYMPTOM MGMT. 47 (2004).
44. Girish. P. Joshi & Babatunde O. Ogunnaike, Consequences of Inadequate Postoperative Pain Relief and Chronic Persistent Postoperative Pain, 23 ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICSN. AM. 21 (2005).
45. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 58.
46. SeePHYSICIANS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, supranote 11, at 99-100.
47. Id. at 146-47.
48. Complaint, Woods v. Myers, supranote 28, at 25.
49. AM. ACAD. OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS, ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: SURGICAL TREATMENT (2007), available athttp://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic. cfm?topic=A00064#Rehabilitation.
50. Complaint, Woods v. Myers, supranote 28, at 21-23.
51. DIV. OF IMMIGRATION HEALTH SERV. (DIHS), SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO THE DIHS DETAINEE COVERED SERVICES PACKAGE (2005) (on file with author).
52. P. Willemot. & M.B. Klein, Prevention of HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections and Diseases in the Age of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, 2 EXPERT REV. ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY 521 (2004).
53. Priest & Goldstein, supranote 17.
54. Naimish Patel & Henry Koziel, Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia in Adult Patients With AIDS: Treatment Strategies and Emerging Challenges to Antimicrobial Therapy, 3 TREATMENTS IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 381 (2004).
55. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, CHRONIC INDIFFERENCE : HIV/AIDS SERVICES FOR IMMIGRANTS DETAINED BY THE UNITED STATES 23, 26-28, 31-34 (2007), available athttp://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/ reports/us1207web.pdf.
56. Id.at 26. ICE does not track the number of detainees with HIV or the type of care that they receive. A FOIA application by Human Rights Watch concerning these issues is pending.
57. COVERED SERVICES PACKAGE, supranote 36, at 29.
58. PHYSICIANS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, supranote 11, at 56, 78.
59. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 59.
60. Allen S. Keller et al., The Impact of Detention on the Health of Asylum Seekers, 26 J. AMBULATORY CARE MGMT. 383, 384 (2003).
61. TREATMENT OF IMMIGRATION DETAINEES supranote 4, at 5.
62. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 59.
63. Id. at 4-7.
64. Complaint, Woods v. Myers, supranote 28, at 9.
65. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 58.
66. Hearing on Detention and Removal: Immigration Detainee Medical Care Before the H. Subcomm. on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law, H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 110th Cong. 4 (2007) (Statement of Allen S. Keller, Director, Bellevue/NYU Program for Survivors of Torture).
67. Id.
68. Id.
69. Amy Goldstein & Dana Priest, Some Detainees Are Drugged For Deportation; Immigrants Sedated Without Medical Reason, WASH. POST, 14 May 2008, at A1.
70. Id.
71. Id.
72. Mead, supranote 10.
73. Complaint, Woods v. Myers, supranote 28, at 16-18.
74. DIHS, SUMMARY OF CHANGES , supranote 51.
75. NAT'L COMM'N ON CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE, NCCHC CLINICAL GUIDELINE FOR HEALTH CARE IN CORRECTIONAL SETTINGS: DIABETES 4 (2008), available athttp://www.ncchc.org/resources/ clinicalguides/Adult- Diabetes.pdf.
76. Leif I. Solberg et al., Practice Systems are Associated with High-Quality Care for Diabetes, 14 AM. J. MANAGED CARE 85, 85 (2008).
77. Barbara Every, Better for Ourselves and Better for our Patients: Chronic Disease Management in Primary Care Networks, 10 HEALTHCARE Q. 70-74 (2007).
78. SeeAlexander C. Tsai, Sally C. Morton, Carol M. Mangione & Emmett B. Keeler, A Meta-analysis of Interventions to Improve Care for Chronic Illnesses, 11 AM. J. MANAGED CARE 478 (2005).
79. COVERED SERVICES PACKAGE, supranote 36, at 1.
80. U.S. MARSHALLS SERV., PRISONER HEALTH CARE STANDARDS (2008), available athttp://www. usmarshals.gov/prisoner/standards.htm.
81. COVERED SERVICES PACKAGE, supranote 36, at 27, 29.
82. Id.at 26.
83. U.S. PREVENTIVE SERVICES TASK FORCE , SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER, AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY (2003), available athttp://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/ cervcanrr.htm.
84. Eric Lipton, City Setting High Standard for Jail Pact, N.Y. TIMES , 1 Dec. 2000, at B1.
85. NAT'L COMM'N ON CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1994, WOMEN'S HEALTH CARE IN CORRECTIONAL SETTINGS (2005), available athttp://www.ncchc.org/resources/statements/ womenshealth2005.html.
86. DIHS, SUMMARY OF CHANGES , supranote 51.
87. A. Barratt et al., Cancer Screening, 56 J. EPIDEMIOLOGY & COMM. HEALTH 899 (2002).
88. Mead, supranote 10, at 2; Nina Bernstein, New Scrutiny as Immigrants Die in Custody,N.Y. TIMES , 26 June 2007, at A1.
89. Esther B. Fein, Deal to Bring Rikers Inmates Managed Care,N.Y. TIMES , 19 Sept. 1997, at B3.
90. ICE, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN FISCAL YEAR 2006 (2007) available athttp://www.ice.gov/ pi/news/factsheets/2006accomplishments.htm.
91. CHRISTOPHER J. MUMOLA, BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS DATA BRIEF: MEDICAL CAUSES OF DEATH IN STATE PRISONS, 2001-2004 (2007), available athttp://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ bjs/pub/pdf/mcdsp04. pdf.
92. SeePress Release, Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Lieberman Wins Better Treatment, Improved Conditions for Asylum Seekers Detained in U.S. (6 June 2007), available athttp://hsgac.senate.gov/ public/index. cfm?FuseAction=PressReleases.Detail&Affiliation= C&PressRelease-id=dc75fcaf-0e01-4c0d-831e-eb9987c40b31&Month=6&Year= 2007.
93. Nancy Neveloff Dubler, Depriving Prisoners of Medical Care: A "Cruel and Unusual" Punishment, 9 HASTINGS CENTER REP. 7 (1979).
94. BRIEFING MATERIALS, supranote 3, at 19.
95. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976).
96. Dubler, supranote 93, at 8.