Effects of electric field and biaxial flexure on the failure of poled lead zirconate titanate

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

Volumn 55, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 2559-2570

  Wang, Hong ^a   Wereszczak, Andrew A ^a  

^a OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD; BIAXIAL FLEXURE; BIAXIAL FLEXURE STRENGTH; CERAMIC STRENGTH; EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROMECHANICAL LOADING; FRACTURE SURFACES; INTERNAL STRESS; LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE; MECHANICAL FAILURES; PIEZO ACTUATOR; PIEZO STACK ACTUATOR; PROBABILISTIC RELIABILITY ANALYSIS; PZT; SIZE SCALING; SURFACE FLAW; WEIBULL STRENGTH DISTRIBUTION;

ACTUATORS; ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENT; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRIC NETWORK ANALYSIS; ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; OPTIMIZATION; RELIABILITY ANALYSIS; SEMICONDUCTING LEAD COMPOUNDS; STRESSES; WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION;

FRACTURE;

LEAD; LEAD TITANATE ZIRCONATE; TITANIUM; ZIRCONIUM;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CERAMICS; CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; EQUIPMENT; INSTRUMENTATION; MECHANICAL STRESS; MECHANICS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ALGORITHMS; CERAMICS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; LEAD; MECHANICS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; STRESS, MECHANICAL; TITANIUM; ZIRCONIUM;

EID: 68149091966     PISSN: 08853010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.972     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. S. R. Winzer, N. Shankar, and A. P. Ritter, "Designing cofred multilayer electrostrictive actuators for reliability", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 2246-2257, 1989.
2. K. Uchino and A. Furtuta, "Destruction mechanism of multilayer ceramic actuators", in Proc. ISAF 1992, Greenville, SC, pp. 195-198.
3. U. Joshi, Y. Kalish, C. Savonen, V. Venugopal, and N. Henein, "Materials for fuel systems", in "Heavy Vehicle Propulsion materials Fy 2003 Progress report", pp. 7-14, 2003.
4. P. Supancic, Z. Wang, W. Harrer, K. Reichmann, and R. Danzer, "Strength and fractography of piezoceramic multilayer stacks", Key Eng. Mater., vol. 290, pp. 46-53, 2005.
5. S. Kim, N. Chung, and M. Sunwoo, "Injection rate estimation of a piezo-actuated injector", SAE Technical Paper series, 2005-01-0911, SAE International, Warrendale, Pa, 2005.
6. H. Aburatani, S. Harada, K. Uchino, A. Furuta, and Y. Fuda, "Destruction mechanisms in ceramic multilayer actuators", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, 5 B, pp. 3091-3094, 1994.
7. J. Pritchard, C. R. Bowen, and F. Lowrie, "Multilayer actuators: Review", Br. Ceram. Trans., vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 1-9, 2001.
8. J. Thongrueng, T. Tsuchiya, and K. Nagata, "Lifetime and degradation mechanism of multilayer ceramic actuator", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 37, pp. 5306-5310, 1998.
9. Z. Suo, "Mechanics concepts for failure in ferroelectric ceramics", AD-Vol 24/AMD-Vol 123, Smart Structures and Materials, A. V. Srinivasan, Ed. ASME, 1991, pp. 1-6.
10. H. Makino and N. Kamiya, "Effect of dc electric field on mechanical properties of piezoelectric ceramics", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 5323-5327, 1994.
11. R. Fu and T. Y. Zhang, "Influence of temperature and electric field on the bending strength of lead zirconate titanate ceramics", Acta Mater., vol. 48, pp. 1729-1740, 2000.
12. L. V. Zhoga and V. V. Shpeizman, "Failure of ferroelectric ceramics in electric and mechanical fields", Sov. Phys. Solid State, vol. 34, pp. 2578-2583, 1992.
13. M. G. Cain, M. Stewart, and M. G. Gee, "Mechanical and electric strength measurements for piezoelectric ceramics: Technical measurement notes", NPl REPorT CMMT (A), 99, Mar. 1998.
14. K. Mehta and A. V. Virkar, "Fracture mechanisms in ferroelectricferroelastic lead zirconate titanate (Zr:Ti = 0.54:0.46) ceramics", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 567-574, 1990.
15. A. G. Tobin and Y. E. Pak, "Effect of electric fields on fracture behavior of PZT ceramics", n Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1993, vol. 1916, 78-86.
16. H. y. Wang and R. N. Singh, "Crack propagation in piezoelectric ceramics: Effects of applied electric fields", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 81, pp. 7471-7479, 1997.
17. C. T. Sun and S. B. Park, "Measuring fracture toughness of piezoelectrics by Vickers indentation under the influence of electric fields", Ferroelectrics, vol. 248, pp. 79-95, 2000.
18. R. Fu and T. Y. Zhang, "Effect of an applied electric field on the fracture toughness of lead zirconate titanate ceramics", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 83, pp. 1215-1218, 2000.
19. X. P. Zhang, S. Galea, L. Ye, and Y. W. Mai, "Characterization of the effects of applied electric fields on fracture toughness and cyclic electric field induced fatigue crack growth for piezoelectric PIC 151", Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 13, pp. N9-N16, 2004.
20. S. B. Park and C. T. Sun, "Fracture criteria for piezoelectric ceramics", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 78, pp. 1475-1480, 1995.
21. R. Fu, C. F. Qian, and T. y. Zhang, "Electrical fracture toughness for conductive cracks driven by electric fields in piezoelectric materials", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 76, pp. 126-128, 2000.
22. T. Y. Zhang, T. H. Wang, and M. H. Zhao, "Failure behavior and failure criterion of conductive cracks (deep notches) in thermally depoled PZT-4 ceramics", Acta Mater., vol. 51, pp. 4881-4895, 2003.
23. V. Heyer, G. A. Schneider, H. Balker, J. Drescher, and H. A. Bahr, "A fracture criterion for conducting cracks in homogeneously poled piezoelectric PZT-PIC 151 ceramics", Acta Mater., vol. 46, pp. 6615-6622, 1998.
24. F. Fang and W. yang, "Poling-enhanced fracture resistance of lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric ceramics", Mater. Lett., vol. 46, pp. 131-135, 2000.
25. Y. Shindo, H. Murakami, K. Horiguchi, and F. Narita, "Evaluation of electric fracture properties of piezoelectric ceramics using the finite element and single-edge precracked-beam methods", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 85, pp. 1243-1248, 2002.
26. T.-Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, and P. Tong, "Fracture of piezoelectric ceramics", Adv. Appl. Mech., vol. 38, pp. 147-289, 2002.
27. T. Y. Zhang and C. F. Gao, "Fracture behaviors of piezoelectric materials", Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., vol. 41, pp. 339-379, 2004.
28. D. K. Shetty, A. R. Rosenfield, P. McGuire, G. K. Bansal, and W. H. duckworth, "Biaxial flexure tests for ceramics", Ceram. Bull., vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 1193-1197, 1980.
29. Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics, vol. 15.01, ASTM Standard C1239-00, Mar. 2002.
30. Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics, vol. 15.01, ASTM Standard C1322-96a, Mar. 2002.
31. H. Wang and A. A. Wereszczak, "Effects of electric field on the biaxial strength of poled PZT", Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 57-67, 2007.
32. J. C. Newman Jr. and I. S. Raju, "An experimental stress intensity factor equation for the surface crack", Eng. Fract. Mech., vol. 15, no. 1-2, pp. 185-192, 1981.
33. H. Jaffe and D. A. Berlincourt, "Piezoelectric transducer materials", Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 1372-1386, 1965.
34. A. A. Wereszczak, T. P. Kirkland, K. breder, H. T. Lin, and M. J. Andrew, "Biaxial strength, strength-size-scaling, and fatigue resistance of alumina and aluminum nitride substrates", Int. J. Micro. Electr. Packag., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 446-458, 1999.
35. Q. Jiang, E. C. Subbarao, and L. E. Cross, "Grain size dependence of electric fatigue behavior of hot pressed PlZT ferroelectric ceramics", Acta Metall. Mater., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 3687-3694, 1994.
36. X. Tan and J. K. Shang, "In-situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric-field-induced grain boundary cracking in lead zirconate titanate", Philos. Mag. A, vol. 82, no. 8, pp. 1463-1478, 2002.
37. H. T. Chung, B. C. Shih, and H. G. Kim, "Grain-size dependence of electrically induced microcracking in ferroelectric ceramics", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 327-329, 1989.
38. A. G. Evans, "Microstructure from thermal expansion anisotropy-I. single phase systems", Acta Metall., vol. 26, pp. 1845-1853, 1978.
39. R. W. Rice and S. W. Freiman, "Grain-size dependence of fracture energy in ceramics: II a model for noncubic materials", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 350-354, 1981.
40. K. Yamashita, K. Koumoto, and H. Yanagida, "Analogy between mechanical and dielectric strength distributions for BaTio3 ceramics", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. C31-C33, 1984.
41. Z. Suo, C.-M. Kuo, D. M. Barnett, and J. R. Wills, "Fracture mechanics for piezoelectric ceramics", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 739-765, 1992.
42. Z. Suo, "Models for breakdown-resistant dielectric and ferroelectric ceramics", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1155-1176, 1993.
43. W. Yang and T. Zhu, "Switch-toughening of ferroelectrics subjected to electric fields", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 291-311, 1998.
44. W. S. Kreher, "Influence of domain switching zones on the fracture toughness of ferroelectrics", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 50, pp. 1029-1050, 2002.
45. C. M. Landis, "On the fracture toughness of ferroelectric materials", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 51, pp. 1347-1369, 2003.
46. R. M. Mcmeeking and A. G. Evans, "Mechanics of transformationtoughening in brittle materials", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 242-246, 1982.
47. D. J. Green, P. H. J. Hannink, and M. V. Swain, Transformation Toughening of Ceramics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1989.
48. 3 ceramics", J. Mater. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 1290-1294, 1994.
49. G. A. Schneider and V. Heyer, "Influence of the electric field on Vickers indentation crack growth in BaTiO3", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., vol. 19, pp. 1299-1306, 1999.
50. P. M. Chaplya and G. P. Carman, "Dielectric and piezoelectric response of lead zirconate-lead titanate at high electric and mechanical loads in terms of non-180° domain wall motion", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 5278-5286, 2001.
51. X. Zeng and R. K. N. D. Rajapakse, "Domain switching induced fracture toughening variation in ferroelectrics", Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 10, pp. 203-211, 2001.
52. A. Kolleck, G. A. Schneider, and F. A. Meschke, "R-curve behavior of BaTiO3-and PZT ceramics under the influence of an electric field applied parallel to the crack front", Acta Mater., vol. 48, pp. 4099-4113, 2000.