Pathogenesis of Neurologic Manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection

Pediatric Neurology

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 159-166

  Narita, Mitsuo ^a  

^a Sapporo Tetsudo JR Hospital   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MACROLIDE;

AUTOIMMUNITY; BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION; CLINICAL FEATURE; ENCEPHALITIS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MENINGITIS; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA; MYELITIS; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADICULOPATHY; REVIEW; VASCULITIS;

CHILD; HUMANS; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA;

EID: 67949123381     PISSN: 08878994     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.04.012     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Waites K.B., and Talkington D.F. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 17 (2004) 697-728
2. Sánchez-Vargas F.M., and Gómez-Duarte O.G. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: an emerging extra-pulmonary pathogen. Clin Microbiol Infect 14 (2008) 105-115
3. Yang J., Hooper W.C., Phillips D.J., and Talkington D.F. Cytokines in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Cytokine Growth Fac Rev 15 (2004) 157-168
4. Biberfeld G. Antibodies to brain and other tissues in cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Exp Immunol 8 (1971) 319-333
5. Biberfeld G., and Norberg R. Circulating immune complexes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Immunol 112 (1974) 413-415
6. Chryssanthopoulos C., Eboriadou M., Monti K., Soubassi V., and Sava K. Fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 (2001) 634-635
7. Fu M., Wong K.S., Lam W.W.M., and Wong G.W.K. Middle cerebral artery occlusion after recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Neurol Sci 157 (1998) 113-115
8. Tanaka H., Narita M., Teramoto S., et al. Role of interleukin-18 and T-helper type 1 cytokines in the development of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults. Chest 121 (2002) 1493-1497
9. Narita M., Tanaka H., Yamada S., Abe S., Ariga T., and Sakiyama Y. Significant role of interleukin-8 in pathogenesis of pulmonary disease due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8 (2001) 1028-1030
10. Narita M., Tanaka H., Abe S., Yamada S., Kubota M., and Togashi T. Close association between pulmonary disease manifestation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and enhanced local production of interleukin-18 in the lung, independent of gamma interferon. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 7 (2000) 909-914
11. Tanaka H., Honma S., Abe S., and Tamura H. Effects of interleukin-2 and cyclosporin A on pathologic features in Mycoplasma pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 (1996) 1908-1912
12. Chmura K., Bai X., Nakamura M., et al. Induction of IL-8 by Mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane in BEAS-2B cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295 (2008) L220-L230
13. Sohn M.H., Lee K.E., Choi S.Y., Kwon B.C., Chang M.W., and Kim K.-E. Effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae lysate on interleukin-8 gene expression in human respiratory epithelial cells. Chest 128 (2005) 322-326
14. Biscardi S., Lorrot M., Marc E., et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children. Clin Infect Dis 38 (2004) 1341-1346
15. Chu H.W., Honour J.M., Rawlinson C.A., Harbeck R.J., and Martin R.J. Effects of respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in mice. Infect Immun 71 (2003) 1520-1526
16. Cherry J.D. Anemia and mucocutaneous lesions due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Clin Infect Dis 17 Suppl. 1 (1993) S47-S51
17. Narita M., Matsuzono Y., Itakura O., Togashi T., and Kikuta H. Survey of mycoplasmal bacteremia detected in children by polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 23 (1996) 522-525
18. Narita M., Yamada S., Nakayama T., Sawada H., Nakajima M., and Sageshima S. Two cases of lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with mycoplasmal bacteraemia without pneumonia. J Infect 42 (2001) 154-156
19. Daxboeck F., Khanakah G., Bauer C., Stadler M., Hofmann H., and Stanek G. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in serum specimens from patients with mycoplasma pneumonia by PCR [Erratum in: Int J Med Microbiol 2006;296:55]. Int J Med Microbiol 295 (2005) 279-285
20. Seto S., Kenri T., Tomiyama T., and Miyata M. Involvement of P1 adhesin in gliding motility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as revealed by the inhibitory effects of antibody under optimized gliding conditions. J Bacteriol 187 (2005) 1875-1877
21. Krunkosky T.M., Jordan J.L., Chambers E., and Krause D.C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae host-pathogen studies in an air-liquid culture of differentiated human airway epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 42 (2007) 98-103
22. Shimizu T., Kida Y., and Kuwano K. A dipalmitoylated lipoprotein from Mycoplasma pneumoniae activates NF-κB through TLR1, TLR2, and TLT6. J Immunol 175 (2005) 4641-4646
23. Foy H.M., Ochs H., Davis S.D., Kenny G.E., and Luce R.R. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in patients with immunodeficiency syndromes: report of four cases. J Infect Dis 127 (1973) 388-393
24. Cartner S.C., Lindsey J.R., Gibbs-Erwin J., Cassell G.H., and Simecka J.W. Roles of innate and adaptive immunity in respiratory mycoplasmosis. Infect Immun 66 (1998) 3485-3491
25. Nagayama Y., Sakurai N., Yamamoto K., Honda A., Makuta M., and Suzuki R. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from children with lower-respiratory-tract infections. J Infect Dis 157 (1988) 911-917
26. Taylor-Robinson D., Gumpel J.M., Hill A., and Swannell A.J. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the synovial fluid of a hypogammaglobulinaemic patient in a survey of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 37 (1978) 180-182
27. O'Sullivan M.V.N., Isbel N.M., Johnson D.W., et al. Disseminated pyogenic Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a renal transplant recipient, detected by broad-range polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 39 (2004) e98-e99
28. Yiş U., Kurul S.H., Çakmakçi H., and Dirik E. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: nervous system complications in childhood and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 167 (2008) 973-978
29. Tsiodras S., Kelesidis I., Kelesidis T., Stamboulis E., and Giamarellou H. Central nervous system manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. J Infect 51 (2005) 343-354
30. Bitnun A., Ford-Jones E., Blaser S., and Richardson S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 14 (2003) 96-107
31. Christie L.J., Honarmand S., Talkington D.F., et al. Pediatric encephalitis: what is the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?. Pediatrics 120 (2007) 305-313
32. Narita M., Itakura O., Matsuzono Y., and Togashi T. Analysis of mycoplasmal central nervous system involvement by polymerase chain reaction. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14 (1995) 236-237
33. Sočan M., Ravnik I., Benčina D., Dovč P., Zakotnik B., and Jazbec J. Neurological symptoms in patients whose cerebrospinal fluid is culture- and/or polymerase chain reaction-positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 32 (2001) e31-e35
34. Bitnun A., Ford-Jones E.L., Petric M., et al. Acute childhood encephalitis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 32 (2001) 1674-1684
35. Narita M., Tanaka H., Togashi T., and Abe S. Cytokines involved in CNS manifestations caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatr Neurol 33 (2005) 105-109
36. Stamm B., Moschopulos M., Hungerbuehler H., Guarner J., Genrich G.L., and Zaki S.R. Neuroinvasion by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Emerg Infect Dis 14 (2008) 641-643
37. Bruch L.A., Jefferson R.J., Pike M.G., Gould S.J., and Squier W. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, meningoencephalitis, and hemophagocytosis. Pediatr Neurol 25 (2001) 67-70
38. Fassbender K., Mielke O., Bertsch T., et al. Interferon-γ-inducing factor (IL-18) and interferon-γ in inflammatory CNS diseases. Neurology 53 (1999) 1104-1106
39. Komatsu H., Kuroki S., Shimizu Y., Takada H., and Takeuchi Y. Mycoplasma pneumoniae meningoencephalitis and cerebellitis with antiganglioside antibodies. Pediatr Neurol 18 (1998) 160-164
40. Kikuchi M., Tagawa Y., Iwamoto H., Hoshino H., and Yuki N. Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis associated with IgG anti-GQ1b antibody subsequent to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: favorable response to immunoadsorption therapy. J Child Neurol 12 (1997) 403-405
41. Cimolai N., Mah D., and Roland E. Anticentriolar autoantibodies in children with central nervous system manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57 (1994) 638-639
42. Christie L.J., Honarmand S., Yagi S., Ruiz S., and Glaser C.A. Anti-galactocerebroside testing in Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 189 (2007) 129-131
43. Nishimura M., Saida T., Kuroki S., et al. Post-infectious encephalitis with anti-galactocerebroside antibody subsequent to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Neurol Sci 140 (1996) 91-95
44. Tan M.J., Chattophadyay A.K., Griffiths P.D., and Baxter P.S. Acute central and peripheral demyelination associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatr Neurol 29 (2003) 239-241
45. Benčina D., Dovč P., Mueller-Premru M., et al. Intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with invasion of the central nervous system by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19 (2000) 521-530
46. Sakoulas G. Brainstem and striatal encephalitis complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: possible benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 (2001) 543-545
47. Saitoh S., Wada T., Narita M., et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection may cause striatal lesions leading to acute neurologic dysfunction. Neurology 43 (1993) 2150-2151
48. Mizuguchi M., Abe J., Mikkaichi K., et al. Acute necrotising encephalopathy of childhood: a new syndrome presenting with multifocal, symmetric brain lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 58 (1995) 555-561
49. Ashtekar C.S., Jaspan T., Thomas D., Weston V., Gayatri N.A., and Whitehouse W.P. Acute bilateral thalamic necrosis in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Dev Med Child Neurol 45 (2003) 634-637
50. Leonardi S., Pavone P., Rotolo N., and La Rosa M. Stroke in two children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: a causal or casual relationship?. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24 (2005) 843-845
51. Padovan C.S., Pfister H.-W., Bense S., Fingerle V., and Abele-Horn M. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with M. pneumoniae infection-"associated" stroke. Clin Infect Dis 33 (2001) e119-e121
52. Müller N., Riedel M., Förderreuther S., Blendinger C., and Abele-Horn M. Tourette's syndrome and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000) 481-482
53. Auvichayapat N., Auvichayapat P., Watanatorn J., Thamaroj J., and Jitpimolmard S. Kluver-Bucy syndrome after mycoplasmal bronchitis. Epilepsy Behav 8 (2006) 320-322
54. Behan P.O., Feldman R.G., Segerra J.M., and Draper I.T. Neurological aspects of mycoplasmal infection. Acta Neurol Scand 74 (1986) 314-322
55. Matsumoto N., Takahashi S., Toriumi N., et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in an infant with incontinentia pigmenti. Brain Dev (2008 Sep 20) [Epub ahead of print]
56. Riedel K., Kempf V.A.J., Bechtold A., and Klimmer M. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in an adolescent. Infection 29 (2001) 240-242
57. Tsiodras S., Kelesidis T., Kelesidis I., Voumbourakis K., and Giamarellou H. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated myelitis: a comprehensive review. Eur J Neurol 13 (2006) 112-124
58. Goebels N., Helmchen C., Abele-Horn M., Gasser T., and Pfister H.-W. Extensive myelitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical long-term follow-up. J Neurol 248 (2001) 204-208
59. Abele-Horn M., Franck W., Busch U., Nitschko H., Roos R., and Heesemann J. Transverse myelitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Infect Dis 26 (1998) 909-912
60. Sinha S., Prasad K.N., Jain D., Pandey C.M., Jha S., and Pradhan S. Preceding infections and anti-ganglioside antibodies in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome: a single centre prospective case-control study. Clin Microbiol Infect 13 (2007) 334-337
61. Ang C.W., Tio-Gillen A.P., Groen J., et al. Cross-reactive anti-galactocerebroside antibodies and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 130 (2002) 179-183
62. Kusunoki S., Shiina M., and Kanazawa I. Anti-Gal-C antibodies in GBS subsequent to mycoplasma infection: evidence of molecular mimicry. Neurology 57 (2001) 736-738
63. Susuki K., Odaka M., Mori M., Hirata K., and Yuki N. Acute motor axonal neuropathy after Mycoplasma infection: evidence of molecular mimicry. Neurology 62 (2004) 949-956
64. Fleischhauer P., Hüben U., Mertens H., Sethi K.K., and Thürmann D. Nachweis von Mycoplasma pneumoniae im Liquor bei akuter Polyneuritis [Demonstration of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid in acute polyneuritis. In German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 97 (1972) 678-682
65. Yoshino H., Inuzuka T., and Miyatake T. IgG antibody against GM1, GD1b and asialo-GM1 in chronic polyneuropathy following Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Eur Neurol 32 (1992) 28-31
66. Hsing J., Welgampola M., and Kiernan M.C. Reversible myeloradiculopathy due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Neurosci 14 (2007) 61-64
67. Trad S., Ghosn J., Dormont D., Stankoff B., Bricaire F., and Caumes E. Nuclear bilateral Bell's palsy and ageusia associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pulmonary infection. J Med Microbiol 54 (2005) 417-419
68. Volter C., Helms J., Weissbrich B., Rieckmann P., and Abele-Horn M. Frequent detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Bell's palsy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 261 (2004) 400-404
69. Fink C.G., Sillis M., Read S.J., Butler L., and Pike M. Neurological disease associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: PCR evidence against a direct invasive mechanism. Clin Mol Pathol 48 (1995) M51-M54
70. Narita M., Matsuzono Y., Togashi T., and Kajii N. DNA diagnosis of central nervous system infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatrics 90 (1992) 250-253
71. Souliou E., Almasri M., Papa A., Theodoridou A., and Diza E. Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infections in children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26 (2007) 513-515
72. Beersma M.F.C., Dirven K., van Dam A.P., Templeton K.E., Claas E.C.J., and Goossens H. Evaluation of 12 commercial tests and the complement fixation test for Mycoplasma pneumonia-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies, with PCR used as the "gold standard". J Clin Microbiol 43 (2005) 2277-2285
73. Amsden G.W. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides: an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions?. J Antimicrob Chemother 55 (2005) 10-21
74. Tagliabue C., Salvatore C.M., Techasaensiri C., et al. The impact of steroids given with macrolide therapy on experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection. J Infect Dis 198 (2008) 1180-1188
75. Narita M. Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis and cytokines. Pediatrics 121 (2008) 224
76. Attilakos A., Palaiologou P., Lagona E., Voutsioti A., and Dinopoulos A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalopathy: recovery after intravenous immunoglobulin. Pediatr Neurol 38 (2008) 357-359
77. Carpenter T.C. Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe mycoplasma encephalitis in children. Crit Care Med 30 (2002) 925-927
78. Kannan T.R., and Baseman J.B. ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae represents unique virulence determinant among bacterial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006) 6724-6729