The relationship between spotted fever group rickettsiae and ixodid ticks

Veterinary Research

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2009, Pages

  Socolovschi, Cristina ^a   Mediannikov, Oleg ^a   Raoult, Didier ^a   Parola, Philippe ^a  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Reservoir; Spotted fever group Rickettsiae; Ticks; Vector

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPOD; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HEMOLYMPH; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; ISOLATION PROCEDURE; NONHUMAN; PARASITOSIS; REVIEW; RICKETTSIA; SALIVARY GLAND; TICK; ANIMAL; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RICKETTSIACEAE INFECTION; TICK BORNE DISEASE;

ARTHROPODA; IXODIDA; RICKETTSIACEAE; VERTEBRATA;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; IXODIDAE; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIEAE; TICK-BORNE DISEASES;

EID: 67949107952     PISSN: 09284249     EISSN: 12979716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009017     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Andersson S.G.E., Zomorodipour A., Andersson J.O., Sicheritz- Pontén T., Alsmark U.C.M., Podowski R.M., et al., The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria, Nature (1998) 396:133-140.
2. Azad A.F., Beard C.B., Rickettsial pathogens and their arthropod vectors, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (1998) 4:179-186.
3. Balashov I.S., Daiter A., Stanyukovich A.K., The effect of infestation with the Rickettsia Coxiella burneti and Dermatoxenus sibiricus on the content of free amino acids in the tick Hyalomma asiaticum, Parazitologiia (1969) 3:281-285.
4. Baldridge G.D., Burkhardt N.Y., Simser J.A., Kurtti T.J., Munderloh U.G., Sequence and expression analysis of the ompA gene of Rickettsia peacockii,an endosymbiont of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2004) 70:6628-6636.
5. Baldridge G.D., Kurtti T.J., Burkhardt N., Baldridge A.S., Nelson C.M., Oliva A.S., Munderloh U.G., Infection of Ixodes scapularis ticks with Rickettsia monacensis expressing green fluorescent protein: A model system, J. Invertebr. Pathol. (2007) 94: 163-174.
6. Baldridge G.D., Burkhardt N.Y., Felsheim R.F., Kurtti T.J., Munderloh U.G., Plasmids of the pRM/ pRF family occur in diverse Rickettsia species, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2008) 74:645-652.
7. Bateman A., Birney E., Durbin R., Eddy S.R., Howe K.L., Sonnhammer E.L., The Pfam protein families database, Nucleic Acids Res. (2000)263-266.
8. Bell-Sakyi L., Zweygarth E., Blouin E.F., Gould E.A., Jongejan F., Tick cell lines: tools for tick and tick-borne disease research, Trends Parasitol. (20023:450-457.
9. Blanc G., Ogata H., Robert C., Audic S., Claverie J.M., Raoult D., Lateral gene transfer between obligate intracellular bacteria: evidence from the Rickettsia massiliae genome, Genome Res. (2007) 17:1657-1664.
10. Blanc J.L., Caminopetros J., Epidemiological and experimental studies on Boutonneuse fever done at the Pasteur Institute in Athens, Arch. Inst. PasTunis (1932) 20:343-394.
11. Bordenstein S.R., Wernegreen J.J., Bacteriophage flux in endosymbionts (Wolbachia): infection frequency, lateral transfer, and recombination rates, Mol. Biol. Evol. (2004) 21:1981-1991.
12. Brayton K.A., Kappmeyer L.S., Herndon D.R., Dark M.J., Tibbals D.L., Palmer G.H., et al., Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies ofouter membrane proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 13102:844-849.
13. Burgdorfer W., Brinton L.P., Mechanisms of transovarial infection of spotted fever Rickettsiae in ticks, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (1975) 266:61-72.
14. Burgdorfer W., Aeschlimann A., Peter O., Hayes S.F., Philip R.N., Ixodes ricinus: vector of a hitherto undescribed spotted fever group agent in Switzerland, Acta Trop. (1979) 36:357-367.
15. Burgdorfer W., Hayes S.F., Mavros A.J., Non-pathogenic Rickettsiae in Dermacentor andersoni: a limiting factor for the distribution of Rickettsia rickettsii, in: Brugdorfer W., Anacker R.L. (Eds.), Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases, New York, Academic Press, 1981, 585-594.
16. Burgdorfer W., Transovarial transmission: an effective ecological means for the survival of tickborne spotted fever group Rickettsiae, Ann. Acad. Sci. (1985) 265-271.
17. Burgdorfer W., Ecological and epidemiological considerations of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and scrub typhus, in: Walker D.H. (Ed.), Biology of rickettsial disease, Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Pres 1988, pp. 33-50.
18. Ceraul S.M., Dreher-Lesnick S.M., Gillespie J.J., Rahman M.S., Azad A.F., New tick defensin isoform and antimicrobial gene expression in response to Rickettsia montanensis challenge, Infect. Immun. (2007) 75: 1973-1983.
19. De la Funte J., Almazan C., Blouin E.F., Naranjo V., Kocan K.M., RNA interference screening in ticks for identification of protective antigens, Parasitol. Res. (2005) 96:137-141.
20. De la Fuente J., Kocan K.M., Almazan C.,Blouin E.F., RNA interference for the study and genetic manipulation of ticks, Trends Parasitol. (2007) 23:427-433.
21. Diehl P.A., Rehacek J., Bazlikova M., The ultrastructure of Rickettsia slovaca in naturally infected females of the tick Dermacentor marginatuAnn. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. (1980) 55:259-270.
22. Ellison D.W., Clark T.R., Sturdevant D.EVirtaneva K., Porcella S.F., Hackstadt T., Genomic comparison of virulent Rickettsia rickettsii Sheila Smith and avirulent Rickettsia rickettsii Iowa, In (2008) 76:542-550.
23. Fiserova L., Cerna K., Horka H., Kopecky J., Two ways of experimental infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, Folia Parasitol. (Praha) (2008) 55:150-154.
24. Fournier P.E., El Karkouri K., Leroy Q., Robert C., Giumelli B., Renesto P., et al., Analysis of the Rickettsia africae genome reveals that virulence acquisition in Rickettsia species may be explained by genome reduction, BMC Genomics (2009) 10:166.
25. Gilford J.H., Price W.H., Virulent-avirulent conversions of Rickettsia Rickettsii in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1955) 41:870-873.
26. Goddard J., Experimental infection of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), with Rickettsia parkeri and exposure of Guinea pigs to the agent, J. Med. Entomol. (2003) 40:686-689.
27. Guerrero F.D., Nene V.M., George J.E., Barker S.C., Willadsen P., Sequencing a new target genome: the Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) genome project, J. Med. Entomol. (2006) 43:9-16.
28. Hayes S.F., Burgdorfer W., Ultrastructure of Rickettsia rhipicephali, a new member of the spotted fever group Rickettsiae in tissues of the host vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus, J. Bacteriol. (1979) 137: 605-613.
29. Hayes S.F., Burgdorfer W., Aeschlimann A., Sexual transmission of spotted fever group Rickettsiae by infected male ticks: detection of Rickettsiae in immature spermatozoa of Ixodes ricinus, Infect. Immun. (1980) 27:638-642.
30. Hayes S.F., Burgdorfer W., Reactivation of Rickettsia rickettsii in Dermacentor andersoni ticks: an ultrastructural analysis, Infect. Immun. (1982)37:779-785.
31. Heinzen R.A., Hayes S.F., Peacock M.G., Hackstad T., Directional actin polymerization associated with spotted fever group Rickettsia infection of Vero cells, Infect. Immun. (1993) 61:1926-1935.
32. Hill C.A., Wikel S.K., The Ixodes scapularis Genome Project: an opportunity for advancing tick research, Trends Parasitol. (2005) 21:151-153.
33. Hinton A., Bond S., Forgac M., V-ATPase functions in normal and disease processes, Pflugers Arch. (2009) 457:589-598.
34. Jongejan F., Nene V., de la Fuente J., Pain A., Willadsen P., Advances in the genomics of ticks and tick-borne pathogens, Trends Parasitol. (2007) 23:391-396.
35. Kelly P.J., Mason P.R., Transmission of a spotted fever group Rickettsiae by Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae), J. Med. Entomol. (1991) 28:598600.
36. Krober T., Guerin P.M., An in vitro feeding assay to test acaricides for control of hard ticks, Pest. Manag. Sci. (2007) 63:17-22.
37. Kryuchechnikov V.N., Protective responses of Ixodoideahemocytes, in: DusbabekF., Bukva V. (Eds.), Modern Acarology, vol. 1, Academia, Prague, 1991, pp. 331-334.
38. Kurtti T.J., Simser J.A., Baldridge G.D., Palmer A.T., Munderloh U.G., Factors influencing in vitro infectivity and growth of Rickettsia peacockii (Rick- ettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), an endosymbiont of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari, Ixodidae), J. Invertebr. Pathol. (2005) 90: 177-186.
39. Labruna M.B., Whitworth T., Bouyer D.H., McBride J., Camargo L.M., Camargo E.P., et al., Rickettsia bellii and Rickettsia amblyommii in Amblyomma ticks from the State of Rondonia, Western Amazon, Brazil, J. Med. Entomol. (2004) 41:1073-1081.
40. Labruna M.B., Terrassini F.A., Camargo L.M., First report of the male of Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodidae) from a field-collected host, J. Med. Entomol. (2005) 42:945-947.
41. Lai R., Lomas L.O., Jonczy J., Turner P.C., Rees H.H., Two novel non-cationic defensin-like antimicrobial peptides from haemolymph of the female tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, Biochem. J. (2004) 379: 681-685.
42. Lighton J.R.B., Fielden L.J., Rechav Y., Discontinuous ventilation in a non-insect, the tick Ambly-omma marmoreum (Acari: Ixodidae): characterization and metabolic modulation, J. Exp. Zool. (1993180:229-245.
43. Macaluso K.R., Sonenshine D.E., Ceraul S.M.,Azad A.F., Infection and transovarial transmission of Rickettsiae in Dermacentor variabilis ticks acquired by artificial feeding, Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. (2001) 1:45-53.
44. Macaluso K.R., Sonenshine D.E., Ceraul S.M., Azad A.F., Rickettsial infection in Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) inhibits transovarial transmission of a second Rickettsia, J. Med. Entomol. (2002) 39:809-813.
45. Macaluso K.R., Mulenga A., Simser J.A., Azad A.F., Differential expression of genes in uninfected and Rickettsia-infected Dermacentor variabilis ticks as assessed by differential-display PCR, Infect. Immun. (2003) 71:6165-6170.
46. Macaluso K.R., Mulenga A., Simser J.A., Azad A.F., Interactions between Rickettsiae and Dermacentor variabilis ticks: analysis of gene expression, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (2003) 990:568-572.
47. Malek J.A., Wierzbowski J.M., Tao W., Bosa S.A., Saranga D.J., Doucette-Stamm L., et al., Protein interaction mapping on a functional shotgun sequence of Rickettsia sibirica, Nucleic Acids Res. (2004) 32: 1059-1064.
48. Matsumoto K., Brouqui B., Raoult D., Parola P., Experimental infection models of ticks of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group with Rickettsia conorii,Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. (2005) 5:363-372.
49. Matsumoto K., Ogawa M., Brouqui P., Raoult D., Parola P., Transmission of Rickettsia massiliae in the tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Med. Vet. Entomol. (2005) 19:263-270.
50. McDade J.E., Newhouse V.F., Natural history of Rickettsia rickettsii, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. (1986) 40:287-309.
51. Mulenga A., Macaluso K.R., Simser J.A., Azad A.F., Dynamics of Rickettsia-tick interactions: identification and characterization of differentially expressed mRNAs in uninfected and infected Dermacentor variabilis, Insect Mol. Biol. (2003) 12:185-193.
52. Munderloh U.G., Kurtti T.J., Cellular and molecular interrelationships between ticks and pro- karyotic tick-borne pathogens, Annu. Rev. Entomol. (1995) 40:221-243.
53. Munderloh U.G., Hayes S.F., Cummings J., Kurtti T.J., Microscopy of spotted fever Rickettsia movement through tick cells, Microscopy and Microanalysis (1998) 4:115-121.
54. Munderloh U.G., Jauron S.D., Kurtti T.J., The tick: a different kind of host for human pathogens, in: Goodman J.L., Dennis D.T., Sonenshine D. (Eds.), Tick borne diseases of humans, Washington, 2005, pp. 37-64.
55. Needham G.R., Teel P.D., Water balance by ticks between bloodmeals, in: Sauer J.R., Hair J.A. (Eds.), Morphology, physiology, and behavioral biology of ticks, Chichester, United Kingdom, 1986, pp. 100-151.
56. Niebylski M.L., Peacock M.G., Schwan T.G., Lethal effect of Rickettsia rickettsii on its tick vector (Dermatocentor andersoni), Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1999) 65:773-778.
57. Ogata H., Audic S., Renesto-Audiffren P., Four- nier P.E., Barbe V., Samson D., et al., Mechanisms of evolution in Rickettsia conorii and R. prowazekii, Science (2001) 293:2093-2098.
58. Ogata H., Renesto P., Audic S., Robert C., Blanc G., Fournier P.E., et al., The genome sequence of Rickettsia felis identifies the first putative conjugative plasmid in an obligate intracellular parasite, PLoS Biol. (2005) 3:e248.
59. Ogata H., La Scola B., Audic S., Renesto P., Blanc G., Robert C., et al., Genome sequence of Rickettsia bellii illuminates the role of amoebae in gene exchanges between intracellular pathogens, PLoS Genet. (2006) 2:e76.
60. Ogawa M., Matsumoto K., Parola P., Raoult D., Brouqui P., Expression of rOmpA and rOmpB protein in Rickettsia massiliae during the Rhipicephalus turanicus life cycle, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (2006) 1078:352-356.
61. Palmer M.J., Bantle J.A., Guo X., Fargo W.S., Genome size and organization in the Ixodid tick Amblyomma americanum (L.), Insect Mol. Biol. (1994) 3:57-62.
62. Parola P., Raoult D., Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat, Clin. Infect. Dis. (2001) 32:897-928.
63. Parola P., Paddock C.D., Raoult D., Tick borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (2005) 18:719-756.
64. Perlman S.J., Hunter M.S., Zchori-Fein E., The emerging diversity of Rickettsia, Proc. Biol. Sci. (2006) 273:2097-2106.
65. Philip C.B., Some epidemiological considerations in Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Public Health Rep. (1959) 74:595-600.
66. Pierce A.E., Pierce M.H., A note on the cultivation of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Ixodidae: Acarina) on the embryonated hen egg, Aust. Vet. J. (1956) 32:144-146.
67. Podboronov V.M., Pchelkina A.A., Characteristics of the transphase and transovarial transmission of Rickettsia sibirica by Ixodid and Argasid ticks, Med. Parazitol. (Mosk) (1989) 4:14-18 (in Russian).
68. Popov V.L., Dyuisalieva R.G., Smirnova N.S., Tarasevich I.V., Rybkin N.N., Ultrastructure of Rickettsia sibirica during interaction with the host cActa Virol. (1986) 30:494-498.
69. Popov V.L., Korenberg E.I., Nefedova V.V., Han V.C., Wen J.W., Kovalevskii Y.V., et al., Ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected Ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with Rickettsia, Borrelia, and a flavivirus, Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. (2007) 7: 699-716.
70. Pornwiroon W., Pourciau S.S., Foil L.D., Mac- aluso K.R., Rickettsia felis from cat fleas: isolation and culture in a tick-derived cell line, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2006) 72:5589-5595.
71. Rau U., Hannoun C., The use of a capillary-tube technique for artificially feeding Argas reflexus reflexus ticks, Bull. World Health Organ. (1968) 39: 332-333.
72. Rehacek J., Development of animal viruses and Rickettsiae in ticks and mites, Annu. Rev. Entomol. (1965) 10:1-24.
73. Rehacek J., Rickettsia slovaca, the organism and its ecology, Acta Scientifica National Academy Scientifica Bohemoslovacae Brno. (1984) 18:1-50.
74. Rehacek J., Ecological relationships between ticks and Rickettsiae, Eur. J. Epidemiol. (1989) 5: 407-413.
75. Rehacek J., Sutakova G., Kocianova E., Use of partially engorged female ticks as laboratory animals in microbiological research, Med. Vet. Entomol. (1994) 8:165-171.
76. Renesto P., Dehoux P., Gouin E., Touqui L., Cossart P., Raoult D., Identification and characterization of a phospholipase D-superfamily gene in Rickettsiae, J. Infect. Dis. (2003) 188:1276-1283.
77. Ricketts H.T., Some aspects of Rocky Moutain spotted fever as shown by recent investigations, Med. Rec. (1909) 16:843-855.
78. Rovery C., Renesto P., Crapoulet N., Matsumoto K., Parola P., Ogata H., Raoult D., Transcriptional response of Rickettsia conorii exposed to temperature variation and stress starvation, Res. Microbiol. (2005) 156:211-218.
79. Santos A.S., Bacellar F., Santos-Silva M., For- mosinho P., Gracio A.J., Franca S., Ultrastructural study of the infection process of Rickettsia conorii in the salivary glands of the vector tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Vector Borne Zoonotic. Dis. (2002) 2:165-177.
80. Simser J., Palmer A.T., Munderloh U.G., Kurtti T.J., Isolation of a spotted fever group rickettsia, Rickettsia peacockii, in a rocky mountain wood tick, Dermacentorn andersoni, cell line, Appl Environ Microbiol (2001) 67:546-552
81. Simser J.A., Palmer A.T., Fingerle V., Wilske B., Kurtti T.J., Munderloh U.G., Rickettsia monacensis sp. nov., a spotted fever group Rickettsia, from ticks (Ixodes ricinus) collected in a european city park,
82. Environ. Microbiol. (2002) 68:4559-4566.
83. Simser J.A., Macaluso K.R., Mulenga A., Azad A.F., Immune-responsive lysozymes from hemocytes of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis and an embryonic cell line of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, D. andersoni, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. (2004) 34:1235-1246.
84. Socolovschi C., Doudier B., Pages F., Parola P., Ticks and human tick-borne diseases in Africa, Med. Trop. (Mars.) (2008) 68:119-133 (in French).
85. Socolovschi C., Bitam I., Raoult D., Parola P., Transmission ofRickettsia conorii conorii in naturally infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2009) May 7.
86. Socolovschi C., Huynh T.P., Davoust B., Gomez J., Raoult D., Parola P., Transovarial and transstadial transmission of Rickettsia africae in Amblyomma variegatum ticks, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2009) (in press).
87. Socolovschi C., Matsumoto K., Brouqui B., Raoult D., Parola P., Experimental infection of Rhipi- cephalus sanguineus with Rickettsia conorii conorii, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2009) (in press).
88. Sonenshine D., The biology of tick vectors of human disease, in: Goodman J.L., Dennis D.T., Sonenshine D. (Eds.), Tick borne diseases of humans, Washington, ASM press, 2005, pp. 12-36.
89. Spencer R.R., Parker R.R., Rocky mountain spotted fever: infectivity of fasting and recently fed ticks, Public Health Rep. (1923) 38:333-339.
90. Telford S.R., Parola P., Arthropods and Rickettsiae, in: Parola P., Raoult D. (Eds.), Rickettsial diseases, New York, Infectious diseases and therapy collection, edited by B.A. Cuhna, Informa Healthcare, 2007, pp. 27-36.
91. Teysseire N., Chiche-Portiche C., Raoult D., Intracellular movements of Rickettsia conorii and R. typhi based on actin polymerization, Res. Micro- biol. (1992) 143:821-829.
92. Weiss E., History of Rickettsiology, in: Walker D.H. (Ed.), Biology ofrickettsial disease, Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press,1988, pp. 15-32.
93. Whitworth T., Popov V., Han V., Bouyer D., Stenos J., Graves S., Ndip L., Walker D., Ultrastructural and genetic evidence of a reptilian tick, Aponomma hydrosauri, as a host of Rickettsia honei in Australia: possible transovarial transmission, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (2003) 990:67-74.
94. Wike D.A., Burgdorfer W., Plaque formation in tissue cultures by Rickettsia rickettsi isolated directly from whole blood and tick hemolymph, Infect. Immun. (1972) 6:736-738.
95. Zhong J., Jasinskas A., Barbour A.G., Antibiotic treatment of the tick vector Amblyomma americanum reduced reproductive fitness, PLoS ONE (2007) 2:e405.