Biased processing of emotional information in sub-clinical anxiety: Evidence from Simon effects

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 47, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 691-696

  Schrooten, Martien G S ^a   Smulders, Fren T Y ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cognitive bias; Response modulations; Simon effect; Trait anxiety

Indexed keywords

EID: 67849126640     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.030     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Allport D.A. Selection for action: Some behavioural and neurophysiological considerations of attention and action. In: Heuer H., and Sanders A.F. (Eds). Perspectives on perception and action (1987), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Hillsdale, NJ 395-419
2. Bar-Haim Y., Lamy D., Pergamin L., Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J., and van IJzendoorn M.H. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin 133 (2007) 1-24
3. Beck A.T., Ward C.H., Mendelson M., Mock J., and Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 4 (1961) 561-571
4. Bradley B.P., Mogg K., White J., Groom C., and de Bono J. Attentional bias for emotional faces in generalized anxiety disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 38 (1999) 267-278
5. Craft J.L., and Simon J.R. Processing symbolic information from a visual display: Interference from an irrelevant directional cue. Journal of Experimental Psychology 83 (1970) 415-420
6. De Jong R., Liang C.-C., and Lauber E. Conditional and unconditional automaticity: A dual-process model of effects of spatial stimulus-response compatibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20 (1994) 731-750
7. Eysenck M.W. Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory (1997), Psychology Press, Hove
8. Eysenck M.W. A cognitive approach to trait anxiety. European Journal of Personality 14 (2000) 463-476
9. Fox E. Processing emotional facial expressions: The role of anxiety and awareness. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience 2 (2002) 52-63
10. Frijda N.H. The emotions (1986), Cambridge University press, Cambridge, UK
11. Gray J.A., and McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety. 2nd ed. (2003), Oxford University Press Inc, NY
12. Hermans H. Een vragenlijst voor het prestatie-motief en de invloed van sociale wenselijkheid (A questionnaire measure of achievement motivation and the influence of social-desirability). In: Hermans H. (Ed). Motivatie en prestatie (1967), Swets, Amsterdam, Netherlands 62-79
13. MacLeod C., and Rutherford E.M. Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information: Mediating roles of awareness, trait and state variables, and personal relevance of stimulus materials. Behaviour Research and Therapy 30 (1992) 479-491
14. Mathews A., and MacLeod C. Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy 23 (1985) 563-569
15. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 809-848.
16. Mogg K., Bradley B.P., and Hallowell N. Attentional bias to threat: Roles of trait anxiety, stressful events, and awareness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology 47a (1994) 841-864
17. Mogg K., Mathews A., and Eysenck M. Attentional bias to threat in clinical anxiety states. Cognition and Emotion 6 (1992) 149-159
18. Neumann O. Visual attention and action. In: Neumann O., and Prinz W. (Eds). Relationships between perception and action: Current approaches (1990), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 227-267
19. Nicoletti R., and Umiltà C. Right-left prevalence in spatial compatibility. Perception and Psychophysics 35 (1984) 333-343
20. Schrooten, M. G. S. (2007). Preferential processing in anxiety: Selective attention and spatial affective Simon effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Netherlands: Maastricht University.
21. Schrooten M.G.S., and Smulders F.T.Y. A Simon effect for threat-related stimulus content. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 38 (2007) 121-132
22. Van der Ploeg H.M., Defares P.B., and Spielberger C.D. Handleiding bij de Zelf-Beoordelings Vragenlijst: Een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (A manual for the self-assessment questionnaire: A Dutch version of the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory) (1980), Swets and Zeitlinger B.V, Lisse
23. Van Rijsoort S., Emmelkamp P., and Vervaeke G. The Penn state worry questionnaire and the worry domains questionnaire: structure, reliability and validity. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 6 (1999) 297-307
24. Van Rijsoort S., Vervaeke G., and Emmelkamp P. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire en de Worry Domains Questionnaire: eerste resultaten bij een normale Nederlandse populatie (The Penn state worry questionnaire and the worry domains questionnaire: First results in a normal Dutch population). Gedragstherapie 30 (1997) 121-128
25. Williams J.M.G., Watts F.N., MacLeod C., and Mathews A. Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders (1988), Wiley, Chichester
26. Woodman G.F., and Luck S.J. Electrophysiological measurement of rapid shifts of attention during visual search. Nature 400 (1999) 867-869