Citizenship in Scottish schools: The evolution of education for citizenship from the late twentieth century to the present

History of Education

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 437-454

  Munn, Pamela ^a   Arnott, Margaret ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Citizenship; Curriculum; Devolution; Education; Schools; Scotland

Indexed keywords

EID: 67849115890     PISSN: 0046760X     EISSN: 14645130     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00467600902855488     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. These reforms were central to Thatcherite reforms of Scottish education in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
2. Walter M. Humes and Hamish M. Paterson, eds, Scottish Culture and Scottish Education, 1800-1980 (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1983); Walter M. Humes, 'State: The Governance of Scottish Education, 1872-2000', in Scottish Life and Society: A Compendium of Scottish Ethnology, Volume 11: Education, ed. Heather Holmes (East Linton, Tuckwell Press, 2000), 84-105. Andrew McPherson, 'Schooling', in People and Society in Scotland, Volume III: 1914-1990, ed. Tony Dickson and James H. Treble (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993).
3. R.D. Anderson, Education and the Scottish People, 1750-1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
4. R.D. Anderson, 'The History of Scottish Education, Pre-1980', in Scottish Education, Second Edition Post-Devolution, ed. T.G.K. Bryce and W.M. Humes (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003), 219-28; T.M. Devine, The Scottish Nation, 1700-2000 (London: Penguin, 2000); David McCrone, 'Culture, Nationalism and Scottish Education: Homogeneity and Diversity', in Scottish Education, ed. Bryce and Humes, 239-49; T.C. Smout, A History of the Scottish People, 1560-1830 (London: Fontana, 1972); T.C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People, 1830-1950 (London: Fontana, 1987).
5. McCrone, 'Culture, Nationalism and Scottish Education', 243.
6. Andrew McPherson and Charles D. Raab, Governing Education: A Sociology of Policy since 1945 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1988).
7. Lindsay Paterson, keynote address, British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh September 3, 2008, http://www.bera.ac.uk/ files/2008/09/bera-lecture.pdf (accessed February 2, 2008).
8. Hamish M. Paterson, 'Secondary Education', in Scottish Life and Society, Volume 11, ed. Holmes, 136-53.
9. Scottish Education Department (SED), Secondary Education: A Report of the Advisory Council on Education in Scotland, Cmd. 7005 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1947).
10. J. Gray, A.F. McPherson and D. Raffe, Reconstructions of Secondary Education: Theory, Myth and Practice Since the War (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983), 314.
11. Ibid., 314-15.
12. SED, Secondary Education, 15.
13. Department of Education and Science, The Organisation of Secondary Education, Circular 10/65 (London: Department of Education and Science, 1965).
14. SED, Reorganisation of Secondary Education on Comprehensive Line, Circular 600 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1965).
15. Gray et al., Reconstructions.
16. Lindsay Paterson, 'Policy-Making in Scottish Education: A Case of Pragmatic Nationalism', in Education in Scotland: Policy and Practice From Pre-School to Secondary, ed. Margaret Clark and Pamela Munn (London: Routledge, 1997), 317.
17. Jack Brand, The National Movement in Scotland (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978), 112.
18. SED, Assessment for All: The Report of the Committee to Review Assessment in the Third and Fourth Years of the Scottish Secretary School (Edinburgh, HMSO, 1977); SED, The Structure of the Curriculum in the Third and Fourth Years of Secondary Education (Edinburgh, HMSO, 1977).
19. SED, Higher Still: Opportunity for All (Edinburgh: Scottish Office, 1994).
20. See for example Quality and Equity of Schooling in Scotland (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2007).
21. Charlie Jeffrey and Daniel Wincott, 'Devolution in the UK: Statehood and Citizenship in Transition', Publius: The Journal of Federalism 36 (2006): 3-18.
22. Michael Keating, The Government of Scotland: Public Policy Making after Devolution (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005).
23. Ian Menter, Pat Mahony and Ian Hextall, 'Ne'er the Twain Shall Meet? Modernising the Teaching Profession in Scotland and England', Journal of Education Policy 19 (2004): 195- 214.
24. Margaret Arnott and Ian Menter, 'The Same but Different? Post-Devolution Regulation and Control in Scotland and England', European Educational Research Journal 6 (2007): 250-65.
25. Scottish Executive, National Priorities in School Education (Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2001).
26. Scottish Executive, Education for Excellence: Choice and Opportunity: The Executive's Response to the National Debate (Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2003).
27. Scottish Parliament, Education, Culture and Sport Committee, Inquiry into the Purposes of Scottish Education, 6th Report (Edinburgh: Scottish Parliament, 2003).
28. Pamela Munn et al., 'Schools for the 21st Century: The National Debate on Education in Scotland', Research Papers in Education 19 (2004): 433-52.
29. Devine, Scottish Nation, 389.
30. Learning and Teaching Scotland, Education for Citizenship in Scotland: A Paper for Discussion and Development (Dundee: Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2002).
31. Gert Biesta and Robert Lawy, 'From Teaching Citizenship to Learning Democracy: Overcoming Individualism in Research, Policy and Practice', Cambridge Journal of Education 36 (2006): 63-79; Audrey Osler and Hugh Starkey, 'Education for Democratic Citizenship: A Review of Research, Policy and Practice 1995-2005', Research Papers in Education 21 (2006): 433-66.
32. Walter M. Humes, 'Exploring Citizenship and Enterprise in a Global Context', Citizenship, Social and Economic Education 5 (2002): 17-28.
33. Ross Deucher, 'Changing Paradigms - The Potential of Enterprise Education as an Adequate Vehicle for Promoting and Enhancing Education for Active and Responsible Citizenship: Illustrations from a Scottish Perspective', Oxford Review of Education 30 (2004): 223-39.
34. Keith Faulks, 'Rethinking Citizenship Education in England: Some Lessons from Contemporary Social and Political Theory', Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 1 (2006): 123-40.
35. Advisory Group on Citizenship, Education For Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools: Final Report of the Advisory Group on Citizenship (London: Department for Education and Employment, 1998).
36. M.A. Arnott and E.K.M. Tisdall, 'Children and Parents as Policy Actors: Public Action and Participation in Post-Devolution Scotland', unpublished paper, Social Policy Association Annual Conference, University of Birmingham, July 2007.
37. Rhys Andrews and Andrew Mycock, 'Citizenship Education in the UK: Divergence Within a Multi-National State', Citizenship Teaching and Learning 3 (2007): 73-88; Rhys Andrews and Andrew Mycock, 'Dilemmas of Devolution: The "Politics of Britishness" and Citizenship Education', British Politics 3 (2008): 139-55.
38. Jenny Ozga, 'Measuring and Managing Performance in Education', CES Briefing No. 27 (Edinburgh: Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh, 2002).
39. In September 2007 the newly formed Scottish National Party administration changed the name of the Scottish Executive to the Scottish Government.
40. Jenny Ozga, 'Travelling and Embedded Policy: The Case of Post-Devolution Scotland within the UK', in Globalisation and Nationalism in Education: World Yearbook of Education, ed. Evie Zambeta and David Coulby (London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2005).
41. Helen Gunther, 'Teacher Leadership: Challenges and Opportunities', Scottish Educational Review 37 (2006): 115.
42. Nurseries and other educational establishments were also included. 'School' is used here as convenient shorthand.
43. Scottish Constitutional Convention (SCC), Towards Scotland's Parliament (Edinburgh: SCC, 1990); SCC, Scotland's Parliament: Scotland's Right (Edinburgh: SCC, 1995).
44. Keating, Government of Scotland.
45. Walter M. Humes, 'Policy Making in Scottish Education', in Scottish Education, ed. Bryce and Humes, 69-79.
46. Scottish Executive, A Curriculum for Excellence (Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2004).
47. Learning and Teaching Scotland, Education for Citizenship, 2006.
48. See http://www.LTScotland.com/citizenship (accessed February 2, 2009).
49. See https://www.ltscotland.org.uk/cpdscotland/ nationalpriorities.asp (accessed February 2, 2009).
50. HMIE, How Good is Our School? Education for Citizenship (Edinburgh: HMIE, 2003). The HMIE has placed more emphasis on qualitative measures than Ofsted in England.
51. Ibid., 3.
52. See Hamish Ross, Pamela Munn and Jane Brown, 'What Counts as Student Voice in Active Citizenship Case Studies? Education for Citizenship in Scotland', Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 2 (2007): 237-56, for a description of the sample of work researched and the approach adopted to analysing the content of these case studies.
53. HMIE, Improving Scottish Education (Edinburgh: HMIE, 2006), section 3.1.
54. HMIE, A Portrait of Current Practice in Scottish Schools and Pre-School Centres: Education for Citizenship (Edinburgh: HMIE, 2006).
55. See http://www.hmie.gov.uk/generic/journeytoexcellence (accessed February 2, 2009).
56. See http://www.nfer.ac.uk for further details.
57. Ross et al., 'What Counts as Student Voice?'
58. Scottish Government, 1Scottish Budget Spending Review: Concordat Between the Scottish Government and Local Government, 2007, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/11/ 13092240/concordat (accessed February 2, 2008).
59. HMIE, Portrait of Current Practice.