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AIDS Epidemic Update: December 2007
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2
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Geneva: UNAIDS; This extensive UNAIDS/WHO report includes detailed HIV/AIDS surveillance data as well as information about HIV/AIDS programs, policy, and societal impact
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UNAIDS/WHO. Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic 2008. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2008. http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/ GlobalReport/2008/. This extensive UNAIDS/WHO report includes detailed HIV/AIDS surveillance data as well as information about HIV/AIDS programs, policy, and societal impact.
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Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2008
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Elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries 2000-2006: A systematic review
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This systematic review highlights the high risk of HIV infection in MSM in developing countries
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Baral S, Sifakis F, Cleghorn F, Beyrer C. Elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries 2000-2006: a systematic review. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e339. This systematic review highlights the high risk of HIV infection in MSM in developing countries.
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Orroth KK, Freeman EE, Bakker R, et al. Understanding differences between contrasting HIV epidemics in East and West Africa: results from a simulation model of the Four Cities Study. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83 (Suppl 1):i5-i16. A mathematical model fitted to the data from four cities in Africa indicated that the prevalence of male circumcision largely accounted for differences in HIV infection rates. (Pubitemid 47242467)
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An analysis of data from five countries concluded that commercial sex plays a relatively minor role in the spread of HIV in mature epidemics
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Leclerc PM, Garenne M. Commercial sex and HIV transmission in mature epidemics: a study of five African countries. Int J STD AIDS 2008; 19:660-664. An analysis of data from five countries concluded that commercial sex plays a relatively minor role in the spread of HIV in mature epidemics.
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Leclerc, P.M.1
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Dunkle KL, Stephenson R, Karita E, et al. New heterosexually transmitted HIV infections in married or cohabiting couples in urban Zambia and Rwanda: an analysis of survey and clinical data. Lancet 2008; 371:2183-2191. An analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys concluded that a majority of heterosexually transmitted infections in these countries occurred within stable relationships. (Pubitemid 351885039)
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A mathematical model including estimates of heterogeneity in susceptibility to HIV infection concluded that this factor may account for declines in HIV infection rates
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Nagelkerke N, de Vlas SJ, Jha P, et al. Heterogeneity in host HIV susceptibility as a potential contributor to recent HIV prevalence declines in Africa. AIDS 2009; 23:125-130. A mathematical model including estimates of heterogeneity in susceptibility to HIV infection concluded that this factor may account for declines in HIV infection rates.
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This review of seven different types of data concluded that reducing the number of sexual partners and breaking up sexual networks, then increasing condom use with casual partners dramatically reduced HIV transmission in a generalized epidemic
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Kirby D. Changes in sexual behaviour leading to the decline in the prevalence of HIV in Uganda: confirmation from multiple sources of evidence. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 84 (Suppl 2):ii35-ii41. This review of seven different types of data concluded that reducing the number of sexual partners and breaking up sexual networks, then increasing condom use with casual partners dramatically reduced HIV transmission in a generalized epidemic.
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Ma X, Zhang Q, He X, et al. Trends in prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men: results of three consecutive respondent-driven sampling surveys in Beijing, 2004 through 2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 45:581-587. (Pubitemid 47294933)
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Kruglov YV, Kobyshcha YV, Salyuk T, et al. The most severe HIV epidemic in Europe: Ukraine's national HIV prevalence estimates for 2007. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 84 (Suppl 1):i37-i41.
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Soto RJ, Ghee AE, Nuñez CA, et al. Sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted infection/HIV and risk behaviors in vulnerable populations in 5 Central American countries. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46:101-111.
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Using the BED assay to identify recent HIV-1 infections, CDC estimated that there were 56 300 new HIV infections in the United States in 2006
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Hall HI, Song R, Rhodes P, et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. JAMA 2008; 300:520-529. Using the BED assay to identify recent HIV-1 infections, CDC estimated that there were 56 300 new HIV infections in the United States in 2006.
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Prejean J, Song R, An Q, Hall HI. Subpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system: United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008; 57:985-989.
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A resurgent HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy
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DOI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282fd167c, PII 0000203020080531000009
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Bezemer D, de Wolf F, Boerlijst MC, et al. A resurgent HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2008; 22:1071-1077. Using extensive available data from The Netherlands, the authors estimated that risk behavior increased 66% since 1996, resulting in a resurgent HIV epidemic in MSM. (Pubitemid 351769746)
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21
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58549113211
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This review provides pooled data on the per-act HIV transmission risk in a wide variety of settings, highlighting higher rates in low-income countries
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Boily MC, Baggaley RF, Wang L, et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9:118-129. This review provides pooled data on the per-act HIV transmission risk in a wide variety of settings, highlighting higher rates in low-income countries.
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Boily, M.C.1
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Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, et al. High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:951-959. A population-based phylogenetic analysis of primary HIV infections concluded that half of onward transmissions in Quebec were during early infection. (Pubitemid 46452099)
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Tsoukas, C.22
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Dion, H.32
Lavoie, S.33
Legault, D.34
Longpre, D.35
Maziade, P.J.36
Morin, M.E.37
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O'Brien, R.40
Vezina, S.41
Cote, P.42
Dufresne, S.43
Junod, P.44
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Parent, Y.47
Charron, M.A.48
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Joyal, M.S.53
Lapointe, N.54
Dascal, A.55
Munoz, M.56
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24
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No HIV stage is dominant in driving the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa
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A mathematical modeling study concluded that there was substantial onward transmission from each stage of HIV infection in two African cities
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Abu-Raddad LJ, Longini IM. No HIV stage is dominant in driving the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS 2008; 22:1055-1061. A mathematical modeling study concluded that there was substantial onward transmission from each stage of HIV infection in two African cities.
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Abu-Raddad, L.J.1
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25
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Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men
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This case-control study of recently infected MSM and their recent sex partners demonstrated that blood and semen viral loads are strong predictors of HIV transmission. HSV-2 infection was associated with transmission but not acquisition of HIV
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Butler DM, Smith DM, Cachay ER, et al. Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. AIDS 2008; 22:1667-1671. This case-control study of recently infected MSM and their recent sex partners demonstrated that blood and semen viral loads are strong predictors of HIV transmission. HSV-2 infection was associated with transmission but not acquisition of HIV.
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AIDS
, vol.22
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Butler, D.M.1
Smith, D.M.2
Cachay, E.R.3
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Modjarrad K, Chamot E, Vermund SH. Impact of small reductions in plasma HIV RNA levels on the risk of heterosexual transmission and disease progression. AIDS 2008; 22:2179-2185.
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Johnson LF, Lewis DA. The effect of genital tract infections on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:946-959.
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Abu-Raddad LJ, Magaret AS, Celum C, et al. Genital herpes has played a more important role than any other sexually transmitted infection in driving HIV prevalence in Africa. PLoS ONE 2008; 3:e2230.
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This meta-analysis of data from 15 studies, published and unpublished, indicated that, overall, male circumcision did not reduce the risk of HIV infection in MSM
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Millett GA, Flores SA, Marks G, et al. Circumcision status and risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008; 300:1674-1684. This meta-analysis of data from 15 studies, published and unpublished, indicated that, overall, male circumcision did not reduce the risk of HIV infection in MSM.
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JAMA
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Millett, G.A.1
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A study of HIV-exposed heterosexual African-American men indicated that male circumcision reduced their risk of HIV infection by 51%
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Warner L, Ghanem KG, Newman DR, et al. Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection among heterosexual African-American men attending Baltimore sexually transmitted disease clinics. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:59-65. A study of HIV-exposed heterosexual African-American men indicated that male circumcision reduced their risk of HIV infection by 51%.
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J Infect Dis
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Warner, L.1
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This mathematical model indicated that universal HIV testing and immediate ART would substantially reduce HIV infection in South Africa
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Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, et al. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet 2009; 373:48-57. This mathematical model indicated that universal HIV testing and immediate ART would substantially reduce HIV infection in South Africa.
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Granich, R.M.1
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Presented at Observational data indicated that ART use reduced HIV transmission in HIVdiscordant couples in Africa by 79%
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Sullivan P, Kayitenkore K, Chomba E, et al. Reduction of HIV transmission risk and high risk sex while prescribed ART: results from discordant couples in Rwanda and Zambia. Presented at 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Montreal, Canada; 8-11 February 2009 [abstract 52bLB]. Observational data indicated that ART use reduced HIV transmission in HIVdiscordant couples in Africa by 79%.
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16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Montreal, Canada; 8-11 February 2009 [Abstract 52bLB]
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Sullivan, P.1
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Marcelin AG, Tubiana R, Lambert-Niclot S, et al. Detection of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma samples from treated patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma. AIDS 2008; 22:1677-1679.
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Serosorting Sexual Partners and Risk for HIV among Men Who Have Sex with Men
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DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.08.004, PII S0749379707005570
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Eaton LA, Kalichman SC, Cain DN, et al. Serosorting sexual partners and risk for HIV among men who have sex with men. Am J Prev Med 2007; 33:479-485. (Pubitemid 350088357)
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(2007)
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
, vol.33
, Issue.6
, pp. 479-485
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Eaton, L.A.1
Kalichman, S.C.2
Cain, D.N.3
Cherry, C.4
Stearns, H.L.5
Amaral, C.M.6
Flanagan, J.A.7
Pope, H.L.8
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41
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34248575646
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Serosorting can potentially increase HIV transmissions
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A mathematical model indicated that, under some conditions, use of a serosorting strategy can increase rather than decrease the risk of HIV transmission
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Butler DM, Smith DM. Serosorting can potentially increase HIV transmissions. AIDS 2007; 21:1218-1220. A mathematical model indicated that, under some conditions, use of a serosorting strategy can increase rather than decrease the risk of HIV transmission.
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(2007)
AIDS
, vol.21
, pp. 1218-1220
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Butler, D.M.1
Smith, D.M.2
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42
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4644300726
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Incidence of HIV-1 dual infection and its association with increased viral load set point in a cohort of HIV-1 subtype C-infected female sex workers
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DOI 10.1086/423940
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Grobler J, Gray CM, Rademeyer C, et al. Incidence of HIV-1 dual infection and its association with increased viral load set point in a cohort of HIV-1 subtype C-infected female sex workers. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:1355-1359. (Pubitemid 39287764)
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(2004)
Journal of Infectious Diseases
, vol.190
, Issue.7
, pp. 1355-1359
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Grobler, J.1
Gray, C.M.2
Rademeyer, C.3
Seoighe, C.4
Ramjee, G.5
Karim, S.A.6
Morris, L.7
Williamson, C.8
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43
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4444251409
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Incidence of HIV superinfection following primary infection [5]
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DOI 10.1001/jama.292.10.1177
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Smith DM, Wong JK, Hightower GK, et al. Incidence of HIV super infection following primary infection. JAMA 2004; 292:1177-1178. (Pubitemid 39167405)
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(2004)
Journal of the American Medical Association
, vol.292
, Issue.10
, pp. 1177-1178
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Smith, D.M.1
Wong, J.K.2
Hightower, G.K.3
Ignacio, C.C.4
Koelsch, K.K.5
Daar, E.S.6
Richman, D.D.7
Little, S.J.8
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44
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37349012862
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Chronic HIV-1 infection frequently fails to protect against super-infection
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This study of female sex workers in Kenya showed that HIV super-infection may occur up to 5 years after primary infection
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Piantadosi A, Chohan B, Chohan V, et al. Chronic HIV-1 infection frequently fails to protect against super-infection. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e177. This study of female sex workers in Kenya showed that HIV super-infection may occur up to 5 years after primary infection.
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(2007)
PLoS Pathog
, vol.3
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Piantadosi, A.1
Chohan, B.2
Chohan, V.3
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45
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55449110357
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Immunity to HIV-1 is influenced by continued natural exposure to exogenous virus
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Superinfection did not occur but there were T-cell immune responses in this study of HIV-infected MSM on ART and repeatedly exposed in stable, seroconcordant relationships
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Willberg CB, McConnell JJ, Eriksson EM, et al. Immunity to HIV-1 is influenced by continued natural exposure to exogenous virus. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000185. Superinfection did not occur but there were T-cell immune responses in this study of HIV-infected MSM on ART and repeatedly exposed in stable, seroconcordant relationships.
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(2008)
PLoS Pathog
, vol.4
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Willberg, C.B.1
McConnell, J.J.2
Eriksson, E.M.3
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