The Use of PET in the Evaluation of Tumors in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

PET Clinics

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 531-549

  Fisher, Michael J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Low grade glioma; Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; Neurofibromatosis type 1; Optic pathway glioma; Plexiform neurofibroma; Positron emission tomography

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GADOLINIUM; METHIONINE C 11; METIROSINE; TRACER;

ASTROCYTOMA; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER GRADING; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHILD; CHILDHOOD CANCER; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; GLIOMA; HUMAN; METASTASIS; NEUROFIBROMA; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; NEUROFIBROSARCOMA; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR BIOPSY;

EID: 67650924208     PISSN: 15568598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2009.04.005     Document Type: Review

References (183)

1. Huson S.M., Compston D.A., and Harper P.S. A genetic study of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis in south east Wales. II. Guidelines for genetic counselling. J Med Genet 26 11 (1989) 712-721
2. Lammert M., Friedman J.M., Kluwe L., et al. Prevalence of neurofibromatosis 1 in German children at elementary school enrollment. Arch Dermatol 141 1 (2005) 71-74
3. Shen M.H., Harper P.S., and Upadhyaya M. Molecular genetics of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). J Med Genet 33 1 (1996) 2-17
4. Neurofibromatosis. Conference statement. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Arch Neurol 45 5 (1988) 575-578
5. Barker D., Wright E., Nguyen K., et al. Gene for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17. Science 236 4805 (1987) 1100-1102
6. Viskochil D., Buchberg A.M., Xu G., et al. Deletions and a translocation interrupt a cloned gene at the neurofibromatosis type 1 locus. Cell 62 1 (1990) 187-192
7. Wallace M.R., Marchuk D.A., Andersen L.B., et al. Type 1 neurofibromatosis gene: identification of a large transcript disrupted in three NF1 patients. Science 249 4965 (1990) 181-186
8. Feldkamp M.M., Gutmann D.H., and Guha A. Neurofibromatosis type 1: piecing the puzzle together. Can J Neurol Sci 25 3 (1998) 181-191
9. Walker K., and Olson M.F. Targeting Ras and Rho GTPases as opportunities for cancer therapeutics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15 1 (2005) 62-68
10. Matsui I., Tanimura M., Kobayashi N., et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1 and childhood cancer. Cancer 72 9 (1993) 2746-2754
11. Sorensen S.A., Mulvihill J.J., and Nielsen A. Long-term follow-up of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. Survival and malignant neoplasms. N Engl J Med 314 16 (1986) 1010-1015
12. Shannon K.M., O'Connell P., Martin G.A., et al. Loss of the normal NF1 allele from the bone marrow of children with type 1 neurofibromatosis and malignant myeloid disorders. N Engl J Med 330 9 (1994) 597-601
13. Stiller C.A., Chessells J.M., and Fitchett M. Neurofibromatosis and childhood leukaemia/lymphoma: a population-based UKCCSG study. Br J Cancer 70 5 (1994) 969-972
14. Bryant J., Farmer J., Kessler L.J., et al. Pheochromocytoma: the expanding genetic differential diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 16 (2003) 1196-1204
15. Miettinen M., Fetsch J.F., Sobin L.H., et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis 1: a clinicopathologic and molecular genetic study of 45 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 30 1 (2006) 90-96
16. Sharif S., Moran A., Huson S.M., et al. Women with neurofibromatosis 1 are at a moderately increased risk of developing breast cancer and should be considered for early screening. J Med Genet 44 8 (2007) 481-484
17. Ilias I., Chen C.C., Carrasquillo J.A., et al. Comparison of 6-18F-fluorodopamine PET with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine and 111in-pentetreotide scintigraphy in localization of nonmetastatic and metastatic pheochromocytoma. J Nucl Med 49 10 (2008) 1613-1619
18. Mackenzie I.S., Gurnell M., Balan K.K., et al. The use of 18-fluoro-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning in the assessment of metaiodobenzylguanidine-negative phaeochromocytoma. Eur J Endocrinol 157 4 (2007) 533-537
19. Shulkin B.L., Thompson N.W., Shapiro B., et al. Pheochromocytomas: imaging with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET. Radiology 212 1 (1999) 35-41
20. Antoch G., Kanja J., Bauer S., et al. Comparison of PET, CT, and dual-modality PET/CT imaging for monitoring of imatinib (STI571) therapy in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Nucl Med 45 3 (2004) 357-365
21. Kamiyama Y., Aihara R., Nakabayashi T., et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: useful technique for predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. World J Surg 29 11 (2005) 1429-1435
22. Van den Abbeele A.D. The lessons of GIST-PET and PET/CT: a new paradigm for imaging. Oncologist 13 Suppl 2 (2008) 8-13
23. Kostakoglu L., and Goldsmith S.J. 18F-FDG PET evaluation of the response to therapy for lymphoma and for breast, lung, and colorectal carcinoma. J Nucl Med 44 2 (2003) 224-239
24. Lim H.S., Yoon W., Chung T.W., et al. FDG PET/CT for the detection and evaluation of breast diseases: usefulness and limitations. Radiographics 27 Suppl 1 (2007) S197-S213
25. Rosen E.L., Eubank W.B., and Mankoff D.A. FDG PET, PET/CT, and breast cancer imaging. Radiographics 27 Suppl 1 (2007) S215-S229
26. Doorn P.F., Molenaar W.M., Buter J., et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients with and without neurofibromatosis. Eur J Surg Oncol 21 1 (1995) 78-82
27. Ducatman B.S., Scheithauer B.W., Piepgras D.G., et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 120 cases. Cancer 57 10 (1986) 2006-2021
28. Evans D.G., Baser M.E., McGaughran J., et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet 39 5 (2002) 311-314
29. King A.A., Debaun M.R., Riccardi V.M., et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis 1. Am J Med Genet 93 5 (2000) 388-392
30. Rasmussen S.A., Yang Q., and Friedman J.M. Mortality in neurofibromatosis 1: an analysis using U.S. death certificates. Am J Hum Genet 68 5 (2001) 1110-1118
31. Stark A.M., Buhl R., Hugo H.H., et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours-report of 8 cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143 4 (2001) 357-363 [discussion: 63-4]
32. Carli M., Ferrari A., Mattke A., et al. Pediatric malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: the Italian and German soft tissue sarcoma cooperative group. J Clin Oncol 23 33 (2005) 8422-8430
33. Ferner R.E., and Gutmann D.H. International consensus statement on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis. Cancer Res 62 5 (2002) 1573-1577
34. Hoh C.K., Hawkins R.A., Glaspy J.A., et al. Cancer detection with whole-body PET using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17 4 (1993) 582-589
35. Moog F., Bangerter M., Diederichs C.G., et al. Lymphoma: role of whole-body 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET in nodal staging. Radiology 203 3 (1997) 795-800
36. Wong T.Z., van der Westhuizen G.J., and Coleman R.E. Positron emission tomography imaging of brain tumors. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 12 4 (2002) 615-626
37. Zhuang H., Pourdehnad M., Lambright E.S., et al. Dual time point 18F-FDG PET imaging for differentiating malignant from inflammatory processes. J Nucl Med 42 9 (2001) 1412-1417
38. Bastiaannet E., Groen H., Jager P.L., et al. The value of FDG-PET in the detection, grading and response to therapy of soft tissue and bone sarcomas; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 30 1 (2004) 83-101
39. Bombardieri E., and Crippa F. PET imaging in breast cancer. Q J Nucl Med 45 3 (2001) 245-256
40. Fisher M.J., and Phillips P.C. PET imaging of brain tumors. In: Charron M. (Ed). Practical pediatric PET imaging (2006), Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., New York 175-219
41. Higashi K., Matsunari I., Ueda Y., et al. Value of whole-body FDG PET in management of lung cancer. Ann Nucl Med 17 1 (2003) 1-14
42. Reske S.N., and Kotzerke J. FDG-PET for clinical use. Results of the 3rd German Interdisciplinary Consensus Conference, "Onko-PET III", 21 July and 19 September 2000. Eur J Nucl Med 28 11 (2001) 1707-1723
43. Adler L.P., Blair H.F., Makley J.T., et al. Noninvasive grading of musculoskeletal tumors using PET. J Nucl Med 32 8 (1991) 1508-1512
44. Eary J.F., Conrad E.U., Bruckner J.D., et al. Quantitative [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in pretreatment and grading of sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 4 5 (1998) 1215-1220
45. Griffeth L.K., Dehdashti F., McGuire A.H., et al. PET evaluation of soft-tissue masses with fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology 182 1 (1992) 185-194
46. Kern K.A., Brunetti A., Norton J.A., et al. Metabolic imaging of human extremity musculoskeletal tumors by PET. J Nucl Med 29 2 (1988) 181-186
47. Lodge M.A., Lucas J.D., Marsden P.K., et al. A PET study of 18FDG uptake in soft tissue masses. Eur J Nucl Med 26 1 (1999) 22-30
48. Schulte M., Brecht-Krauss D., Heymer B., et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of soft tissue tumours: is a non-invasive determination of biological activity possible?. Eur J Nucl Med 26 6 (1999) 599-605
49. Watanabe H., Inoue T., Shinozaki T., et al. PET imaging of musculoskeletal tumours with fluorine-18 alpha-methyltyrosine: comparison with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET. Eur J Nucl Med 27 10 (2000) 1509-1517
50. Ioannidis J.P., and Lau J. 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis and grading of soft-tissue sarcoma: a meta-analysis. J Nucl Med 44 5 (2003) 717-724
51. Hamberg L.M., Hunter G.J., Alpert N.M., et al. The dose uptake ratio as an index of glucose metabolism: useful parameter or oversimplification?. J Nucl Med 35 8 (1994) 1308-1312
52. Jager P.L., Vaalburg W., Pruim J., et al. Radiolabeled amino acids: basic aspects and clinical applications in oncology. J Nucl Med 42 3 (2001) 432-445
53. Wegner E.A., Barrington S.F., Kingston J.E., et al. The impact of PET scanning on management of paediatric oncology patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 32 1 (2005) 23-30
54. Basu S., and Nair N. Potential clinical role of FDG-PET in detecting sarcomatous transformation in von Recklinghausen's disease: a case study and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 80 1 (2006) 91-95
55. Chander S., Westphal S.M., Zak I.T., et al. Retroperitoneal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: evaluation with serial FDG-PET. Clin Nucl Med 29 7 (2004) 415-418
56. Otsuka H., Graham M.M., Kubo A., et al. FDG-PET/CT findings of sarcomatous transformation in neurofibromatosis: a case report. Ann Nucl Med 19 1 (2005) 55-58
57. Solomon S.B., Semih Dogan A., Nicol T.L., et al. Positron emission tomography in the detection and management of sarcomatous transformation in neurofibromatosis. Clin Nucl Med 26 6 (2001) 525-528
58. Bredella M.A., Torriani M., Hornicek F., et al. Value of PET in the assessment of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189 4 (2007) 928-935
59. Cardona S., Schwarzbach M., Hinz U., et al. Evaluation of F18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to assess the nature of neurogenic tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol 29 6 (2003) 536-541
60. Ferner R.E., Golding J.F., Smith M., et al. [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) as a diagnostic tool for neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs): a long-term clinical study. Ann Oncol 19 2 (2008) 390-394
61. Ferner R.E., Lucas J.D., O'Doherty M.J., et al. Evaluation of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG PET) in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from within plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 68 3 (2000) 353-357
62. Brenner W., Friedrich R.E., Gawad K.A., et al. Prognostic relevance of FDG PET in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33 4 (2006) 428-432
63. Huson S.M., Harper P.S., and Compston D.A. Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. A clinical and population study in south-east Wales. Brain 111 Pt 6 (1988) 1355-1381
64. Tonsgard J.H., Kwak S.M., Short M.P., et al. CT imaging in adults with neurofibromatosis-1: frequent asymptomatic plexiform lesions. Neurology 50 6 (1998) 1755-1760
65. Waggoner D.J., Towbin J., Gottesman G., et al. Clinic-based study of plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. Am J Med Genet 92 2 (2000) 132-135
66. Korf B.R. Plexiform neurofibromas. Am J Med Genet 89 1 (1999) 31-37
67. Needle M.N., Cnaan A., Dattilo J., et al. Prognostic signs in the surgical management of plexiform neurofibroma: the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia experience, 1974-1994. J Pediatr 131 5 (1997) 678-682
68. Hsu C.H., Lee C.M., Wang F.C., et al. Neurofibroma with increased uptake of [F-18]-fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose interpreted as a metastatic lesion. Ann Nucl Med 17 7 (2003) 609-611
69. Son J.M., Ahn M.I., Cho K.D., et al. Varying degrees of FDG uptake in multiple benign neurofibromas on PET/CT. Br J Radiol 80 957 (2007) e222-e226
70. Brinkman J.M., Bron J.L., Wuisman P.I., et al. The correlation between clinical, nuclear and histologic findings in a patient with Von Recklinghausen's disease. World J Surg Oncol 5 (2007) 130
71. Lim R., Jaramillo D., Poussaint T.Y., et al. Superficial neurofibroma: a lesion with unique MRI characteristics in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184 3 (2005) 962-968
72. Dombi E., Solomon J., Gillespie A.J., et al. NF1 plexiform neurofibroma growth rate by volumetric MRI: relationship to age and body weight. Neurology 68 9 (2007) 643-647
73. Fisher M.J., Basu S., Dombi E., et al. The role of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in predicting plexiform neurofibroma progression. J Neurooncol 87 2 (2008) 165-171
74. Avril N.E., and Weber W.A. Monitoring response to treatment in patients utilizing PET. Radiol Clin North Am 43 1 (2005) 189-204
75. Westerterp M., van Westreenen H.L., Reitsma J.B., et al. Esophageal cancer: CT, endoscopic US, and FDG PET for assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy-systematic review. Radiology 236 3 (2005) 841-851
76. Jones D.N., McCowage G.B., Sostman H.D., et al. Monitoring of neoadjuvant therapy response of soft-tissue and musculoskeletal sarcoma using fluorine-18-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 37 9 (1996) 1438-1444
77. Schulte M., Brecht-Krauss D., Werner M., et al. Evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy response of osteogenic sarcoma using FDG PET. J Nucl Med 40 10 (1999) 1637-1643
78. Gutmann D.H., Rasmussen S.A., Wolkenstein P., et al. Gliomas presenting after age 10 in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Neurology 59 5 (2002) 759-761
79. Cnossen M.H., de Goede-Bolder A., van den Broek K.M., et al. A prospective 10 year follow up study of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Arch Dis Child 78 5 (1998) 408-412
80. Creange A., Zeller J., Rostaing-Rigattieri S., et al. Neurological complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 in adulthood. Brain 122 Pt 3 (1999) 473-481
81. Guillamo J.S., Creange A., Kalifa C., et al. Prognostic factors of CNS tumours in Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1): a retrospective study of 104 patients. Brain 126 Pt 1 (2003) 152-160
82. Vinchon M., Soto-Ares G., Ruchoux M.M., et al. Cerebellar gliomas in children with NF1: pathology and surgery. Childs Nerv Syst 16 7 (2000) 417-420
83. Blazo M.A., Lewis R.A., Chintagumpala M.M., et al. Outcomes of systematic screening for optic pathway tumors in children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Am J Med Genet A 127A 3 (2004) 224-229
84. Czyzyk E., Jozwiak S., Roszkowski M., et al. Optic pathway gliomas in children with and without neurofibromatosis 1. J Child Neurol 18 7 (2003) 471-478
85. Listernick R., Charrow J., Greenwald M., et al. Natural history of optic pathway tumors in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a longitudinal study. J Pediatr 125 1 (1994) 63-66
86. Listernick R., Charrow J., Greenwald M.J., et al. Optic gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Pediatr 114 5 (1989) 788-792
87. Hoffman H.J., Humphreys R.P., Drake J.M., et al. Optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas: a dilemma in management. Pediatr Neurosurg 19 4 (1993) 186-195
88. Laithier V., Grill J., Le Deley M.C., et al. Progression-free survival in children with optic pathway tumors: dependence on age and the quality of the response to chemotherapy-results of the first French prospective study for the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol 21 24 (2003) 4572-4578
89. Sutton L.N., Molloy P.T., Sernyak H., et al. Long-term outcome of hypothalamic/chiasmatic astrocytomas in children treated with conservative surgery. J Neurosurg 83 4 (1995) 583-589
90. Chateil J.F., Soussotte C., Pedespan J.M., et al. MRI and clinical differences between optic pathway tumours in children with and without neurofibromatosis. Br J Radiol 74 877 (2001) 24-31
91. Deliganis A.V., Geyer J.R., and Berger M.S. Prognostic significance of type 1 neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen disease) in childhood optic glioma. Neurosurgery 38 6 (1996) 1114-1118 [discussion: 8-9]
92. Kornreich L., Blaser S., Schwarz M., et al. Optic pathway glioma: correlation of imaging findings with the presence of neurofibromatosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 10 (2001) 1963-1969
93. Opocher E., Kremer L.C., Da Dalt L., et al. Prognostic factors for progression of childhood optic pathway glioma: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer 42 12 (2006) 1807-1816
94. Blatt J., Jaffe R., Deutsch M., et al. Neurofibromatosis and childhood tumors. Cancer 57 6 (1986) 1225-1229
95. Ferner R.E., Huson S.M., Thomas N., et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet 44 2 (2007) 81-88
96. Friedman J.M., and Birch P.H. Type 1 neurofibromatosis: a descriptive analysis of the disorder in 1,728 patients. Am J Med Genet 70 2 (1997) 138-143
97. Bilaniuk L.T., Molloy P.T., Zimmerman R.A., et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1: brain stem tumours. Neuroradiology 39 9 (1997) 642-653
98. Molloy P.T., Bilaniuk L.T., Vaughan S.N., et al. Brainstem tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: a distinct clinical entity. Neurology 45 10 (1995) 1897-1902
99. Pollack I.F., Shultz B., and Mulvihill J.J. The management of brainstem gliomas in patients with neurofibromatosis 1. Neurology 46 6 (1996) 1652-1660
100. Pirotte B., Acerbi F., Lubansu A., et al. PET imaging in the surgical management of pediatric brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 23 7 (2007) 739-751
101. Deshmukh A., Scott J.A., Palmer E.L., et al. Impact of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography on the clinical management of patients with glioma. Clin Nucl Med 21 9 (1996) 720-725
102. Di Chiro G., Oldfield E., Wright D.C., et al. Cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy and/or intraarterial chemotherapy for brain tumors: PET and neuropathologic studies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 150 1 (1988) 189-197
103. Langleben D.D., and Segall G.M. PET in differentiation of recurrent brain tumor from radiation injury. J Nucl Med 41 11 (2000) 1861-1867
104. Ogawa T., Kanno I., Shishido F., et al. Clinical value of PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and L-methyl-11C-methionine for diagnosis of recurrent brain tumor and radiation injury. Acta Radiol 32 3 (1991) 197-202
105. Tsuyuguchi N., Takami T., Sunada I., et al. Methionine positron emission tomography for differentiation of recurrent brain tumor and radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery-in malignant glioma. Ann Nucl Med 18 4 (2004) 291-296
106. Levivier M., Massager N., Wikler D., et al. Use of stereotactic PET images in dosimetry planning of radiosurgery for brain tumors: clinical experience and proposed classification. J Nucl Med 45 7 (2004) 1146-1154
107. Levivier M., Wikler Jr. D., Massager N., et al. The integration of metabolic imaging in stereotactic procedures including radiosurgery: a review. J Neurosurg 97 Suppl 5 (2002) 542-550
108. Nuutinen J., Sonninen P., Lehikoinen P., et al. Radiotherapy treatment planning and long-term follow-up with [(11)C]methionine PET in patients with low-grade astrocytoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48 1 (2000) 43-52
109. Tralins K.S., Douglas J.G., Stelzer K.J., et al. Volumetric analysis of 18F-FDG PET in glioblastoma multiforme: prognostic information and possible role in definition of target volumes in radiation dose escalation. J Nucl Med 43 12 (2002) 1667-1673
110. Chao R.C., Pyzel U., Fridlyand J., et al. Therapy-induced malignant neoplasms in Nf1 mutant mice. Cancer Cell 8 4 (2005) 337-348
111. Sharif S., Ferner R., Birch J.M., et al. Second primary tumors in neurofibromatosis 1 patients treated for optic glioma: substantial risks after radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 24 16 (2006) 2570-2575
112. Grill J., Couanet D., Cappelli C., et al. Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy in children with neurofibromatosis and optic pathway glioma. Ann Neurol 45 3 (1999) 393-396
113. Kestle J.R., Hoffman H.J., and Mock A.R. Moyamoya phenomenon after radiation for optic glioma. J Neurosurg 79 1 (1993) 32-35
114. Hyman S.L., Gill D.S., Shores E.A., et al. T2 hyperintensities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and their relationship to cognitive functioning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 78 10 (2007) 1088-1091
115. Rosenbaum T., Engelbrecht V., Krolls W., et al. MRI abnormalities in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): a study of men and mice. Brain Dev 21 4 (1999) 268-273
116. DiMario Jr. F.J., and Ramsby G. Magnetic resonance imaging lesion analysis in neurofibromatosis type 1. Arch Neurol 55 4 (1998) 500-505
117. DiPaolo D.P., Zimmerman R.A., Rorke L.B., et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1: pathologic substrate of high-signal-intensity foci in the brain. Radiology 195 3 (1995) 721-724
118. Balestri P., Lucignani G., Fois A., et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in neurofibromatosis type 1 assessed with [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 57 12 (1994) 1479-1483
119. Kaplan A.M., Chen K., Lawson M.A., et al. Positron emission tomography in children with neurofibromatosis-1. J Child Neurol 12 8 (1997) 499-506
120. Borgwardt L., Hojgaard L., Carstensen H., et al. Increased fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in childhood CNS tumors is correlated with malignancy grade: a study with FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging coregistration and image fusion. J Clin Oncol 23 13 (2005) 3030-3037
121. De Witte O., Goldberg I., Wikler D., et al. Positron emission tomography with injection of methionine as a prognostic factor in glioma. J Neurosurg 95 5 (2001) 746-750
122. Delbeke D., Meyerowitz C., Lapidus R.L., et al. Optimal cutoff levels of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the differentiation of low-grade from high-grade brain tumors with PET. Radiology 195 1 (1995) 47-52
123. Di Chiro G., DeLaPaz R.L., Brooks R.A., et al. Glucose utilization of cerebral gliomas measured by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Neurology 32 12 (1982) 1323-1329
124. Herholz K., Holzer T., Bauer B., et al. 11C-methionine PET for differential diagnosis of low-grade gliomas. Neurology 50 5 (1998) 1316-1322
125. Ogawa T., Shishido F., Kanno I., et al. Cerebral glioma: evaluation with methionine PET. Radiology 186 1 (1993) 45-53
126. Padma M.V., Said S., Jacobs M., et al. Prediction of pathology and survival by FDG PET in gliomas. J Neurooncol 64 3 (2003) 227-237
127. Utriainen M., Metsahonkala L., Salmi T.T., et al. Metabolic characterization of childhood brain tumors: comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-methionine positron emission tomography. Cancer 95 6 (2002) 1376-1386
128. Chung J.K., Kim Y.K., Kim S.K., et al. Usefulness of 11C-methionine PET in the evaluation of brain lesions that are hypo- or isometabolic on 18F-FDG PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29 2 (2002) 176-182
129. Derlon J.M., Petit-Taboue M.C., Chapon F., et al. The in vivo metabolic pattern of low-grade brain gliomas: a positron emission tomographic study using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-L-methylmethionine. Neurosurgery 40 2 (1997) 276-287 [discussion: 87-8]
130. Kaschten B., Stevenaert A., Sadzot B., et al. Preoperative evaluation of 54 gliomas by PET with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and/or carbon-11-methionine. J Nucl Med 39 5 (1998) 778-785
131. Pirotte B., Goldman S., David P., et al. Stereotactic brain biopsy guided by positron emission tomography (PET) with [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose and [C-11]methionine. Acta Neurochir Suppl 68 (1997) 133-138
132. Sasaki M., Kuwabara Y., Yoshida T., et al. A comparative study of thallium-201 SPET, carbon-11 methionine PET and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET for the differentiation of astrocytic tumours. Eur J Nucl Med 25 9 (1998) 1261-1269
133. Alavi J.B., Alavi A., Chawluk J., et al. Positron emission tomography in patients with glioma. A predictor of prognosis. Cancer 62 6 (1988) 1074-1078
134. De Witte O., Lefranc F., Levivier M., et al. FDG-PET as a prognostic factor in high-grade astrocytoma. J Neurooncol 49 2 (2000) 157-163
135. Holzer T., Herholz K., Jeske J., et al. FDG-PET as a prognostic indicator in radiochemotherapy of glioblastoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17 5 (1993) 681-687
136. Patronas N.J., Di Chiro G., Kufta C., et al. Prediction of survival in glioma patients by means of positron emission tomography. J Neurosurg 62 6 (1985) 816-822
137. Spence A.M., Muzi M., Graham M.M., et al. 2-[(18)F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose and glucose uptake in malignant gliomas before and after radiotherapy: correlation with outcome. Clin Cancer Res 8 4 (2002) 971-979
138. De Witte O., Levivier M., Violon P., et al. Prognostic value positron emission tomography with [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in the low-grade glioma. Neurosurgery 39 3 (1996) 470-476 [discussion: 6-7]
139. Kim S., Chung J.K., Im S.H., et al. 11C-methionine PET as a prognostic marker in patients with glioma: comparison with 18F-FDG PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 32 1 (2005) 52-59
140. Torii K., Tsuyuguchi N., Kawabe J., et al. Correlation of amino-acid uptake using methionine PET and histological classifications in various gliomas. Ann Nucl Med 19 8 (2005) 677-683
141. Kato T., Shinoda J., Oka N., et al. Analysis of 11C-methionine uptake in low-grade gliomas and correlation with proliferative activity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29 10 (2008) 1867-1871
142. Ribom D., Eriksson A., Hartman M., et al. Positron emission tomography (11)C-methionine and survival in patients with low-grade gliomas. Cancer 92 6 (2001) 1541-1549
143. Ribom D., Engler H., Blomquist E., et al. Potential significance of (11)C-methionine PET as a marker for the radiosensitivity of low-grade gliomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29 5 (2002) 632-640
144. Ribom D., Schoenmaekers M., Engler H., et al. Evaluation of 11C-methionine PET as a surrogate endpoint after treatment of grade 2 gliomas. J Neurooncol 71 3 (2005) 325-332
145. Smits A., Westerberg E., and Ribom D. Adding (11)C-methionine PET to the EORTC prognostic factors in grade 2 gliomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35 1 (2008) 65-71
146. Goldman S., Levivier M., Pirotte B., et al. Regional glucose metabolism and histopathology of gliomas. A study based on positron emission tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy. Cancer 78 5 (1996) 1098-1106
147. Francavilla T.L., Miletich R.S., Di Chiro G., et al. Positron emission tomography in the detection of malignant degeneration of low-grade gliomas. Neurosurgery 24 1 (1989) 1-5
148. Fulham M.J., Melisi J.W., Nishimiya J., et al. Neuroimaging of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas: an enigma. Radiology 189 1 (1993) 221-225
149. Hoffman J.M., Hanson M.W., Friedman H.S., et al. FDG-PET in pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 16 1 (1992) 62-68
150. Roelcke U., Radu E.W., Hausmann O., et al. Tracer transport and metabolism in a patient with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. A PET study. J Neurooncol 36 3 (1998) 279-283
151. Hustinx R., and Alavi A. SPECT and PET imaging of brain tumors. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 9 4 (1999) 751-766
152. Derlon J.M., Bourdet C., Bustany P., et al. [11C]L-methionine uptake in gliomas. Neurosurgery 25 5 (1989) 720-728
153. Popperl G., Kreth F.W., Mehrkens J.H., et al. FET PET for the evaluation of untreated gliomas: correlation of FET uptake and uptake kinetics with tumour grading. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34 12 (2007) 1933-1942
154. Moulin-Romsee G., D'Hondt E., de Groot T., et al. Non-invasive grading of brain tumours using dynamic amino acid PET imaging: does it work for 11C-methionine?. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34 12 (2007) 2082-2087
155. Paulus W., and Peiffer J. Intratumoral histologic heterogeneity of gliomas. A quantitative study. Cancer 64 2 (1989) 442-447
156. Floeth F.W., Pauleit D., Wittsack H.J., et al. Multimodal metabolic imaging of cerebral gliomas: positron emission tomography with [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Neurosurg 102 2 (2005) 318-327
157. Massager N., David P., Goldman S., et al. Combined magnetic resonance imaging- and positron emission tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy in brainstem mass lesions: diagnostic yield in a series of 30 patients. J Neurosurg 93 6 (2000) 951-957
158. Pirotte B., Goldman S., Brucher J.M., et al. PET in stereotactic conditions increases the diagnostic yield of brain biopsy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 63 1-4 (1994) 144-149
159. Pirotte B., Goldman S., Massager N., et al. Combined use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-methionine in 45 positron emission tomography-guided stereotactic brain biopsies. J Neurosurg 101 3 (2004) 476-483
160. Pirotte B., Goldman S., Massager N., et al. Comparison of 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine for PET-guided stereotactic brain biopsy of gliomas. J Nucl Med 45 8 (2004) 1293-1298
161. Pauleit D., Floeth F., Hamacher K., et al. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET combined with MRI improves the diagnostic assessment of cerebral gliomas. Brain 128 Pt 3 (2005) 678-687
162. Miwa K., Shinoda J., Yano H., et al. Discrepancy between lesion distributions on methionine PET and MR images in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: insight from a PET and MR fusion image study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 75 10 (2004) 1457-1462
163. Pirotte B., Goldman S., Dewitte O., et al. Integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging-guided resection of brain tumors: a report of 103 consecutive procedures. J Neurosurg 104 2 (2006) 238-253
164. Pirotte B., Goldman S., Van Bogaert P., et al. Integration of [11C]methionine-positron emission tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging for image-guided surgical resection of infiltrative low-grade brain tumors in children. Neurosurgery 57 Suppl 1 (2005) 128-139 [discussion: 39]
165. Duncan J.D., Moss S.D., Bandy D.J., et al. Use of positron emission tomography for presurgical localization of eloquent brain areas in children with seizures. Pediatr Neurosurg 26 3 (1997) 144-156
166. Kaplan A.M., Bandy D.J., Manwaring K.H., et al. Functional brain mapping using positron emission tomography scanning in preoperative neurosurgical planning for pediatric brain tumors. J Neurosurg 91 5 (1999) 797-803
167. Macdonald D.R. Low-grade gliomas, mixed gliomas, and oligodendrogliomas. Semin Oncol 21 2 (1994) 236-248
168. Pollack I.F., Claassen D., al-Shboul Q., et al. Low-grade gliomas of the cerebral hemispheres in children: an analysis of 71 cases. J Neurosurg 82 4 (1995) 536-547
169. Sutton L.N., Cnaan A., Klatt L., et al. Postoperative surveillance imaging in children with cerebellar astrocytomas. J Neurosurg 84 5 (1996) 721-725
170. Khan R.B., Sanford R.A., Kun L.E., et al. Morbidity of second-look surgery in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Pediatr Neurosurg 35 5 (2001) 225-229
171. Palma L., Celli P., and Mariottini A. Long-term follow-up of childhood cerebellar astrocytomas after incomplete resection with particular reference to arrested growth or spontaneous tumour regression. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 146 6 (2004) 581-588 [discussion: 8]
172. Cokgor I., Akabani G., Kuan C.T., et al. Phase I trial results of iodine-131-labeled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 treatment of patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. J Clin Oncol 18 22 (2000) 3862-3872
173. Pirotte B., Levivier M., Morelli D., et al. Positron emission tomography for the early postsurgical evaluation of pediatric brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 21 4 (2005) 294-300
174. De Witte O., Hildebrand J., Luxen A., et al. Acute effect of carmustine on glucose metabolism in brain and glioblastoma. Cancer 74 10 (1994) 2836-2842
175. Maruyama I., Sadato N., Waki A., et al. Hyperacute changes in glucose metabolism of brain tumors after stereotactic radiosurgery: a PET study. J Nucl Med 40 7 (1999) 1085-1090
176. Rozental J.M., Levine R.L., Mehta M.P., et al. Early changes in tumor metabolism after treatment: the effects of stereotactic radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 20 5 (1991) 1053-1060
177. Spence A.M., Mankoff D.A., and Muzi M. Positron emission tomography imaging of brain tumors. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13 4 (2003) 717-739
178. Brock C.S., Young H., O'Reilly S.M., et al. Early evaluation of tumour metabolic response using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: a pilot study following the phase II chemotherapy schedule for temozolomide in recurrent high-grade gliomas. Br J Cancer 82 3 (2000) 608-615
179. Wurker M., Herholz K., Voges J., et al. Glucose consumption and methionine uptake in low-grade gliomas after iodine-125 brachytherapy. Eur J Nucl Med 23 5 (1996) 583-586
180. Miyamoto J., Sasajima H., Owada K., et al. Surgical decision for adult optic glioma based on [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 46 10 (2006) 500-503
181. Peng F., Juhasz C., Bhambhani K., et al. Assessment of progression and treatment response of optic pathway glioma with positron emission tomography using alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan. Mol Imaging Biol 9 3 (2007) 106-109
182. Juhasz C., Chugani D.C., Muzik O., et al. In vivo uptake and metabolism of alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan in human brain tumors. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26 3 (2006) 345-357
183. Molloy P.T., Defeo R., Hunter J., et al. Excellent correlation of FDG-PET imaging with clinical outcome in patients with neurofibromatosis type I and low grade astrocytomas. J Nucl Med 40 (1999) 129P