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Volumn 131, Issue 24, 2009, Pages 8410-8412

Homogeneous catalytic system for reversible dehydrogenation-hydrogenation reactions of nitrogen heterocycles with reversible interconversion of catalytic species

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYTIC REACTIONS; CATALYTIC SPECIES; CATALYTIC SYSTEM; CHEMICAL EQUATIONS; HYDROGENATION REACTIONS; IR COMPLEXES; LOW TEMPERATURES; NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES; REVERSIBLE DEHYDROGENATION; REVERSIBLE INTERCONVERSION; SINGLE CATALYST;

EID: 67650530541     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja9022623     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (352)

References (52)
  • 1
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    • Katritzky, A. R., Meth-Cohn, O., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K.
    • (a) Percy, J. M. In Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations; Katritzky, A. R., Meth-Cohn, O., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; Vol.1, p 553.
    • (1995) Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations , vol.1 , pp. 553
    • Percy, J.M.1
  • 2
    • 67650530626 scopus 로고
    • Katritzky, A. R., Meth-Cohn, O., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K.
    • (b) Jones, K. In Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations; Katritzky, A. R., Meth-Cohn, O., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; Vol.1, p 71.
    • (1995) Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations , vol.1 , pp. 71
    • Jones, K.1
  • 3
    • 0001728302 scopus 로고
    • Trost, B. M., Fleming, I., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K.
    • (c) Takaya, H.; Noyori, R. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Fleming, I., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1991; Vol.8, p 443.
    • (1991) Comprehensive Organic Synthesis , vol.8 , pp. 443
    • Takaya, H.1    Noyori, R.2
  • 18
    • 67650539878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 described hydrogen storage systems by the reversible dehydrogenation-hydrogenation of N-heterocycles using conventional heterogeneous catalysts. Although these catalytic systems using N-heterocycles are more effective than those using cyclic hydrocarbons, these heterogeneous reactions have some disadvantages: (1) a small amount of hydrogenolysis products are always produced during the reactions; (2) in the repetitive dehydrogenation-hydrogenation cycles of N-ethylcarbazole, different metals (Ru and Pd) are employed as the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysts; and (3) the hydrogenation must be carried out under a high pressure of hydrogen (>50 atm). Thus, the complete reversible and repetitive dehydrogenation-hydrogenation cycles using a single catalyst in one reactor has not been achieved to date.
  • 21
    • 0037429059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some other groups have also reported catalytic dehydrogenative reactions of alcohols, hemiacetals, and hemiaminals. See:
    • Some other groups have also reported catalytic dehydrogenative reactions of alcohols, hemiacetals, and hemiaminals. See: (a) Ligthart, G. B. W. L.; Meijer, R. H.; Donners, M. P. J.; Meuldijk, J.; Vekemans, J. A. J. M.; Hulshof, L. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 1507.
    • (2003) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.44 , pp. 1507
    • Ligthart, G.B.W.L.1    Meijer, R.H.2    Donners, M.P.J.3    Meuldijk, J.4    Vekemans, J.A.J.M.5    Hulshof, L.A.6
  • 26
    • 15444377965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We have also reported several organic transformations based on the high catalytic hydrogen-transfer activity of Cp*Ir complexes. See: and references cited therein
    • We have also reported several organic transformations based on the high catalytic hydrogen-transfer activity of Cp*Ir complexes. See: (a) Fujita, K.; Yamaguchi, R. Synlett 2005, 560, and references cited therein.
    • (2005) Synlett , pp. 560
    • Fujita, K.1    Yamaguchi, R.2
  • 31
    • 33544458364 scopus 로고
    • Several examples of the homogeneous catalytic transformation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to quinoline are known. However, they require an oxidant such as molecular oxygen or tert-butylhydroperoxide, and therefore, hydrogen cannot be produced. See:
    • Several examples of the homogeneous catalytic transformation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to quinoline are known. However, they require an oxidant such as molecular oxygen or tert-butylhydroperoxide, and therefore, hydrogen cannot be produced. See: (a) Murahashi, S.-I.; Naota, T.; Taki, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 613.
    • (1985) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. , pp. 613
    • Murahashi, S.-I.1    Naota, T.2    Taki, H.3
  • 36
    • 67650515111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We think that the key step of the reaction would be ligand-promoted dehydrogenation of a hydridoiridium intermediate with the protic hydroxyl group on the pyridine ring (see ref 7). This step could be faster when the ligand contains an electron-withdrawing substituent such as a CF3 group because the acidity of the hydroxyl group increases. Therefore, catalyst 2c exhibited the highest activity.
  • 37
    • 67650542655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The dehydrogenation reactions presented in Table 1 were selective for the conversion of 3 into 4. Formation of any isomers of dihydroquinolines or other hydrogenolysis products was not observed.
  • 38
    • 67650515110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • At present, we have observed that a higher reaction temperature considerably reduces the reaction time: the dehydrogenation of 3b in mesitylene (bp. 165°C) gives 4b quantitatively in less than 5 h.
  • 39
    • 67650525189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We also carried out the dual reaction in the absence of 3b. The reaction resulted in no formation of decane, clearly indicating that 3b was the only hydrogen source.
  • 47
    • 67650512425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The hydrogenation reactions presented in Table 2 were selective for the conversion of 4 into 3. Formation of dihydroquinolines, decahydroquinoline, or other hydrogenolysis products was not observed.
  • 49
    • 67650534058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 1H NMR analysis.
  • 50
    • 67650525190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We carried out the stoichiometric reaction of 5 with 4b in the absence of hydrogen at 100°C. However, no iridium species coordinated with quinoline was observed, while 5 decomposed slowly and 4b remained unchanged.
  • 51
    • 67650527828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The precise mechanisms for the dehydrogenation and the hydrogenation are under study. It should be noted that the present dehydrogenation is characteristic of nitrogen heterocycles, because dehydrogenation of tetrahydronaphthalene with catalyst 2a or 2c does not occur.
  • 52
    • 67650521957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The maximum hydrogen content of tetrahydroquinolines is 3.0%, which is lower than the DOE 2010 target value of 6%.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.