Energy level alignment of poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction

Applied Physics Letters

Volumn 95, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Xu, Zheng ^a   Chen, Li Min ^a   Chen, Mei Hsin ^b   Li, Gang ^c   Yang, Yang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c Solarmer Energy Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLEND FILMS; BOTTOM SURFACES; BULK HETEROJUNCTION; BUTYRIC ACIDS; CHARGE TRANSFER MODEL; CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATES; ENERGY LEVEL ALIGNMENT; METHYL ESTERS; POLY-3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE;

ACIDS; ALIGNMENT; CARRIER MOBILITY; CHARGE TRANSFER; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; FATTY ACIDS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; ION EXCHANGE; SUBSTRATES;

PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 67650508779     PISSN: 00036951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.3163056     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. G. Yu, J. Gao, J. C. Hummelen, F. Wudl, and A. J. Heeger, Science 0036-8075 270, 1789 (1995). 10.1126/science.270.5243.1789
2. J. J. M. Halls, C. A. Walsh, N. C. Greenham, E. A. Marseglia, R. H. Friend, S. C. Moratti, and A. B. Holmes, Nature (London) 0028-0836 376, 498 (1995). 10.1038/376498a0
3. W. Ma, C. Yang, X. Gong, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, Adv. Funct. Mater. 1616-301X 15, 1617 (2005). 10.1002/adfm.200500211
4. M. D. Irwin, D. B. Buchholz, A. W. Hains, R. P. H. Chang, and T. J. Marks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 2783 (2008). 10.1073/pnas.0711990105
5. Y. Kim, S. Cook, S. M. Tuladhar, S. A. Choulis, J. Nelson, J. R. Durrant, D. D. C. Bradley, M. Giles, I. McCulloch, C. -S. Ha, and M. Ree, Nature Mater. 1476-1122 5, 197 (2006). 10.1038/nmat1574
6. G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, and Y. Yang, Nature Mater. 1476-1122 4, 864 (2005). 10.1038/nmat1500
7. H. -H. Liao, L. -M. Chen, Z. Xu, G. Li, and Yang Yang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 92, 173303 (2008). 10.1063/1.2918983
8. W. Zhao, E. Salomon, Q. Zhang, S. Barlow, S. R. Marder, and A. Kahn, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 77, 165336 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165336
9. H. Vázquez, F. Flores, and A. Kahn, Org. Electron. 1566-1199 8, 241 (2007). 10.1016/j.orgel.2006.07.006
10. J. X. Tang, K. M. Lau, C. S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 88, 232103 (2006). 10.1063/1.2209212
11. J. X. Tang, C. S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 101, 064504 (2007). 10.1063/1.2710297
12. B. H. Hamadani, H. Ding, Y. Gao, and D. Natelson, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 72, 235302 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.235302
13. C. Tengstedt, W. Osikowicz, W. R. Salaneck, I. D. Parker Che-H. Hsu, and M. Fahlman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 88, 053502 (2006). 10.1063/1.2168515
14. S. Braun, W. Osikowicz, Y. Wang, and W. R. Salaneck, Org. Electron. 1566-1199 8, 14 (2007). 10.1016/j.orgel.2006.10.006
15. A. Crispin, X. Crispin, M. Fahlman, M. Berggren, and W. R. Salaneck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 89, 213503 (2006). 10.1063/1.2396899
16. S. Braun, M. P. de Jong, W. Osikowicz, and W. R. Salaneck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 91, 202108 (2007). 10.1063/1.2806938
17. W. Osikowicz, M. P. de Jong, and W. R. Salaneck, Adv. Mater. 0935-9648 19, 4213 (2007). 10.1002/adma.200700622
18. S. Braun, W. R. Salaneck, and M. Fahlman, Adv. Mater. 0935-9648 21, 1450 (2009). 10.1002/adma.200802893
19. Z. Xu, L. -M. Chen, G. Yang, C. -H. Huang, J. Hou, Y. Wu, G. Li, C. -S. Hsu, and Y. Yang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 1616-301X 19, 1227 (2009). 10.1002/adfm.200801286
20. M. Campoy-Quiles, T. Ferenczi, T. Agostinelli, P. G. Etchegoin, Y. Kim, T. D. Anthopoulos, P. N. Stavrinou, D. C. Bradley, and J. Nelson, Nature Mater. 1476-1122 7, 158 (2008). 10.1038/nmat2102