Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in the treatment of cardiovascular disease

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 345-360

  Brugts, Jasper J ^a   Ferrari, Roberto ^b   Simoons, Maarten L ^a  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b IRCCS   (Italy)

Author keywords

Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Perindopril; Prevention; Stroke; Vascular disease

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATENOLOL; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BRADYKININ; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FOSINOPRIL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INDAPAMIDE; INDAPAMIDE PLUS PERINDOPRIL; PERINDOPRIL; PERINDOPRILAT; PLACEBO; POTASSIUM; RAMIPRIL; TELMISARTAN; TRANDOLAPRIL; VALSARTAN; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BINDING AFFINITY; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COUGHING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIZZINESS; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BINDING; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENZYME INHIBITION; FATIGUE; FIRST PASS EFFECT; HEADACHE; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIPOPHILICITY; NAUSEA; PREGNANCY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; STROKE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; DRUG EFFECT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PERINDOPRIL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 67650330442     PISSN: 14779072     EISSN: 17448344     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.2     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Skeggs LT, Dorer RE, Kahn JR, Lentz KE, Levine M. The biochemistry of the renin - angiotensin system and its role in hypertension. Am. J. Med. 60, 737-748 (1976).
2. Erdos EG. Angiotensin I converting enzyme and the changes in our concepts through the years. Hypertension 16, 363-370 (1990).
3. Perazella MA, Setaro JF. Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system: fundamental aspects and clinical implications in renal and cardiovascular disorders. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 10, 184-194 (2003).
4. Ferrario WS. Role of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system and proinflammatory mediators in cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Cardiology 98, 121-128 (2006).
5. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA et al., the SAVE Investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial infarction: results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 669-677 (1992).
6. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 325, 293-302 (1991).
7. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 342, 821-828 (1993).
8. Torp-Pedersen C, Kober L; TRACE Study Group. Effect of ACE inhibitor trandolapril on life expectancy of patients with reduced left-ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 354, 9-12 (1999).
9. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation study investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 145-153 (2000).
10. The PEACE Trial Investigators. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 2058-2068 (2004).
11. The European Trial on Reduction of Cardiac Events with Perindopril in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 362, 782-788 (2003).
12. The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris. Eur. Heart J. 27, 1341-1381 (2006).
13. Wood D, DeBacker G, Faergam O, Graham I, Mancia G, Pyörälä K. Prevention of coronary disease in clinical practice: recommendation of the second Joint Task Force of European and other societies on Coronary Prevention. Atherosclerosis 140, 99-270 (1998).
14. Rydén L, Standl E, Bartnik M et al.; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur. Heart J. 28, 88-136 (2007).
15. López-Sendón J, Swedberg K, McMurray J et al. Expert consensus document on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiovascular disease: The Task Force on ACE inhibitors of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 25, 1454-1470 (2004).
16. Redon J, Ruschitzka F, Tamargo J et al. 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur. Heart J. 28, 1462-1536 (2007).
17. Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K et al.; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina - summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 159-168 (2003).
18. Ferrari R, Pasanisi G, Notarstefano P, Campo G, Gardini E, Ceconi C. Specific properties and effect of perindopril in controlling the renin - angiotensin system. Am. J. Hypertens. 18(9 Pt 2), 142S-154S (2005).
19. B Dalhöf, PS Sever, NR Poulter et al.; ASCOT investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo - Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366, 895-906 (2005).
20. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 370, 829-840 (2007).
21. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 358, 1033-1041 (2001).
22. Speirs C, Wagniart F, Poggi L. Perindopril post marketing surveillance: a 12 month study in 47,351 hypertensive patients. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 46(1), 63-70 (1998).
23. Clark LT. Safety profile of perindopril. Am. J. Cardiol. 88(7A), 36i-40i (2001).
24. Bots ML, Remme WJ, Lüscher TF et al. ACE inhibition and endothelial function: main findings of PERFECT, a sub-study of the EUROPA trial. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 21, 269-279 (2007).
25. Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Vos J, De Feyter PD. Long-term effect of perindopril on coronary atherosclerosis progression (from the Perindopril's Prospective Effect on Coronary Atherosclerosis by Angiography and Intravascular Ultrasound Evaluation [PERSPECTIVE] Study) Am. J. Cardiol. 100, 159-163 (2007).
26. Ceconi C, Fox KM, Remme WJ et al.; EUROPA Investigators; PERTINENT Investigators and the Statistical Committee. ACE inhibition with perindopril and endothelial function. Results of a substudy of the EUROPA study: PERTINENT. Cardiovasc. Res. 73, 237-246 (2007).
27. Rodriguez-Granillo GA, de Winter S, Bruining N et al.; EUROPA/ PERSPECTIVE Investigators. Effect of perindopril on coronary remodelling: insights from a multicentre, randomized study. Eur. Heart] 28, 2326-2331 (2007).
28. Piepho RW. Overview of the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 57, S3-S7 (2000).
29. Brown NJ, Vaughan DE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Circulation 97, 1411-1420 (1998).
30. Vincent M, Marchand B, Remond G et al. Synthesis and ACE inhibitory activity of stereoisomers of perindopril (S-9490) and perindoprilat (S-9780). Drug Des. Discov. 9, 11-28 (1992).
31. Telejko E. Perindopril-arginine: benefits of a new formulation of the ACE inhibitor perindopril. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 23, 953-960 (2008).
32. Unger T, Culman J, Gohlke P. Angiotensin II receptor blockade and end-organ protection: pharmacological rationale and evidence. J. Hypertens. Suppl. 16, S3-S9 (1998).
33. Pellacani A, Brunner HR, Nussberger J. Plasma kinins increase after angiotensin enzyme inhibition in human subjects. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 87, 567-574 (1994).
34. Goodfriend TL, Elliott ME, Catt KJ. Angiotensin receptors and their antagonists. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 1649-1654 (1996).
35. Gainer JV, Morrow JD, Loveland A, King DJ, Brown NJ. Effect of bradykinin-receptor blockade on the response to angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 339, 1285-1292 (1998).
36. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ et al. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1893-1906 (2003).
37. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1547-1559 (2008).
38. Ferrari R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in cardiovascular disease: evidence with perindopril. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 3(1), 15-29 (2005).
39. The PREAMI Investigators. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril on left ventricular remodelling and clinical outcome. Results of the Randomized Perindopril and Remodelling in Elderly With Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI) Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 166. 659-666 (2006).
40. Devissaguet JP, Ammoru N, Devissaguet M, Perret L. Pharmacokinetics of perindopril and its metabolites in healthy volunteers. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 4, 175-189 (1990).
41. Alfakih K, Hall AS. Drug evaluation of perindopril. Expert Opin. Pharmacotherapy 7, 63-71 (2006).
42. Zhuo J, Mendelsohn F, Ohishi M. Perindopril alters vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT1 receptor, and nitric oxide synthase expression in patients with coronary heart disease. Hypertension 39, 634-638 (2002).
43. Johnston C, Fabris B, Yamada H et al. Comparative studies of tissue inhibition by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Hypertens. 7(Suppl. 5), S11-S16 (1989).
44. Busson JP, d'Amore TF, Perret L et al. Single and repeated dosing of the converting enzyme-inhibitor perindopril to normal subjects. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 39, 554-558 (1986).
45. Thiollet M, Funck-Bretano C, Grande JD et al. The pharmacokinetics of perindopril in patients with liver cirrhosis. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 33, 326-328 (1992).
46. Bellissant E, Giudicelli J-F. Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model for perindoprilat regional haemodynamic effects in healthy volunteers and in congestive heart failure patients. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 52 (1), 25-33 (2001).
47. Dagenais GR, Pogue J, Fox K, Simoons ML, Yusuf S. Angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: a combined analysis of three trials. Lancet 368, 581-588 (2006).
48. Beckett NS, Peters R, Bulpitt CJ. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N. Engl. J. Med. 358(18), 1887-1898 (2008).
49. Deckers JW, Goedhart DM, Boersma E et al. Treatment benefit by perindopril in patients with stable coronary artery disease at different levels of risk. Eur. Heart J. 27, 796-801 (2006).
50. Brugts JJ, Boersma E, Chonchol M et al. The cardioprotective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril in patients with stable coronary artery disease are not modified by mild to moderate renal insufficiency: insights from the EUROPA trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50, 2148-2155 (2007).
51. Brugts JJ, Simoons ML. Meta-analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in coronary artery disease: lessons from trials in stable coronary artery disease. In: Perindopril. A major Contribution to the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Ferrari R, Fox KM (Eds). Wolters Kluwer Health - Servier, Paris, France, 107-115 (2008).
52. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of agents that inhibit renin - angiotensin system. J. Hypertens. 25, 951-958 (2007).
53. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger adults: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 336, 1121-1123 (2008).
54. Remme WJ, Deckers JW, Fox KM, Ferrari R, Bertrand M, Simoons ML; EUROPA Investigators. Secondary prevention of coronary disease with ACE inhibition-does blood pressure reduction with perindopril explain the benefits in EUROPA? Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. (3008).
55. Dzau VJ, Bernstein K, Celermajer D et al. Pathophysiologic and therapeutic importance of tissue ACE: a consensus report. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 16, 149-160 (2002).
56. Remme WJ. Effect of ACE inhibition on neurohormones. Eur. Heart J. 19, 16-23 (1998).
57. Zhuo JL, Mendelsohn FAO, Ohishi M. Perindopril alters vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT1 receptor and nitric oxide synthase expression in patients with coronary artery disease. Hypertension 39, 634-638 (2002).
58. Su JZ, Chen SC, Wu KG et al. Effects of perindopril, propranolol and dihydrochlorothiazide on cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 20, 923-928 (1999).
59. Ceconi C, Francolini G, Olivares A, Comini L, Bachetti T, Ferrari R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have different selectivity for bradykinin binding sites of human somatic ACE. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 577, 1-6. 535 (2007).
60. Ceconi C, Francolini G, Bastianon D, Gitti GL, Comini L, Ferrari R. Differences in the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the rate on the rate of endothelial cell apoptosis: in vitro and in vivo studies. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 21, 423-429 (2007).
61. Matsumoto T, Minai K, Horie H et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism augments coronary release of tissue plasminogen activator in hypertensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 1373-1379 (2003).
62. Clark LT. Safety profile of perindopril. Am. J. Cardiol. 88(7A), 360i-40i (2001).
63. Brugts JJ, Danser AH, de Maat MP et al. Pharmacogenetics of ACE inhibition in stable coronary artery disease: steps towards tailored drug therapy. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 23(4), 296-301 (2008).
64. Brugts JJ, de Maat MP, Boersma E et al.; EUROPA - PERGENE Investigators. The Rationale and design of the Perindopril Genetic Association Study (PERGENE): a pharmacogenetic analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. (2008).