Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab for the Treatment of Pediatric Crotaline Envenomation

Pediatric Emergency Care

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 273-279

  Goto, Collin S ^a   Feng, Sing Yi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Antivenom; Crotaline; Envenomation; Fab antibody fragments; Snake

Indexed keywords

CROTALIDAE POLYVALENT IMMUNE FAB; IMMUNOGLOBULIN FRAGMENT; SNAKE VENOM; VENOM ANTISERUM;

ADOLESCENT; ALGORITHM; ANIMAL; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; HUMAN; REVIEW; SHEEP; SNAKE; SNAKEBITE;

ADOLESCENT; ALGORITHMS; ANIMALS; ANTIVENINS; CHILD; CROTALID VENOMS; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN FRAGMENTS; SHEEP; SNAKE BITES; VIPERIDAE;

EID: 67650305807     PISSN: 07495161     EISSN: 15351815     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31819f1f1e     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Morgan BW, Lee C, Damiano L, et al. Reptile envenomation 20-year mortality as reported by US medical examiners. South Med J. 2004;97(7):642-644.
2. Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, et al. 2006 annual report of the American association of poison control centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS). Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(8):815-917.
3. Feng S, Goto CS. Bites and stings-snakes, spiders and scorpions in the United States. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2007;4(5).
4. Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum N. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division; 2006.
5. Iyaniwura TT. Snake venom constituents: biochemistry and toxicology (Part 1). Vet Hum Toxicol. 1991;33(5):468-474.
6. Iyaniwura TT. Snake venom constituents: biochemistry and toxicology (Part 2). Vet Hum Toxicol. 1991;33(5):475-480.
7. Glenn JL, Straight RC, Wolfe MC, et al. Geographical variation in Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) venom properties. Toxicon. 1983;21(1):119-130.
8. Moss ST, Bogdan G, Dart RC, et al. Association of rattlesnake bite location with severity of clinical manifestations. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30(1):58-61.
9. Tu AT. Venoms: Chemistry and Molecular Biology. New York: Wiley; 1977.
10. Holstege CP, Miller MB, Wermuth M, et al. Crotalid snake envenomation. Crit Care Clin. 1997;13(4):889-921.
11. Bond RG, Burkhart KK. Thrombocytopenia following timber rattlesnake envenomation. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30(1):40-44.
12. Boyer LV, Seifert SA, Clark RF, et al. Recurrent and persistent coagulopathy following pit viper envenomation. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(7):706-710.
13. Yap CH, Ihle BU. Coagulopathy after snake envenomation. Neurology. 2003;61(12):1788.
14. Odeleye AA, Presley AE, Passwater ME, et al. Report of two cases: rattlesnake venom-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2004;34(4):467-470.
15. Bush SP, Siedenburg E. Neurotoxicity associated with suspected southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis helleri) envenomation. Wilderness Environ Med. 1999;10(4):247-249.
16. Clark RF, Williams SR, Nordt SP, et al. Successful treatment of crotalid-induced neurotoxicity with a new polyspecific crotalid Fab antivenom. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30(1):54-57.
17. Richardson WH, Goto CS, Gutglass DJ, et al. Rattlesnake envenomation with neurotoxicity refractory to treatment with crotaline fab antivenom. Clin Toxicol. 2007;45(5):472-475.
18. Vohra R, Cantrell FL, Williams SR. Fasciculations after rattlesnake envenomations: a retrospective statewide poison control system study. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(2):117-121.
19. Whitley RE. Conservative treatment of copperhead snakebites without antivenin. J Trauma. 1996;41(2):219-221.
20. Schmidt JM. Antivenom therapy for snakebites in children: is there evidence? Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005;17(2):234-238.
21. Offerman SR, Bush SP, Moynihan JA, et al. Crotaline Fab antivenom for the treatment of children with rattlesnake envenomation. Pediatrics. 2002;110(5):968-971.
22. Pizon AF, Riley BD, LoVecchio F, et al. Safety and efficacy of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab in pediatric crotaline envenomations. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14(4):373-376.
23. Behm MO, Kearns GL. Crotaline Fab antivenom for treatment of children with rattlesnake envenomation. Pediatrics. 2003;112(6 Pt 1):1458-1459; author reply 1458-1459.
24. Protherics I. CroFab(TM) Package Insert October 2000 2000.
25. Seifert SA, Boyer LV. Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: Part 1. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunoglobulin antivenoms and related antibodies. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(2):189-195.
26. Consroe P, Egen NB, Russell FE, et al. Comparison of a new ovine antigen binding fragment (Fab) antivenin for United States Crotalidae with the commercial antivenin for protection against venom-induced lethality in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53(5):507-510.
27. Bebarta V, Dart RC. Effectiveness of delayed use of crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(3):321-324.
28. Dart RC, Seifert SA, Boyer LV, et al. A randomized multicenter trial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom for the treatment for crotaline snakebite in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(16):2030-2036.
29. Gold BS, Barish RA, Dart RC, et al. Resolution of compartment syndrome after rattlesnake envenomation utilizing non-invasive measures. J Emerg Med. 2003;24(3):285-288.
30. Rosen PB, Leiva JI, Ross CP. Delayed antivenom treatment for a patient after envenomation by Crotalus atrox. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35(1):86-88.
31. Ruha AM, Curry SC, Beuhler M, et al. Initial postmarketing experience with crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab for treatment of rattlesnake envenomation. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39(6):609-615.
32. Yip L. Rational use of crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) in the management of crotaline bite. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39(6):648-650.
33. Lavonas EJ, Gerardo CJ, O'Malley G, et al. Initial experience with Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom in the treatment of copperhead snakebite. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;43(2):200-206.
34. Dart RC, Seifert SA, Carroll L, et al. Affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine Fab for the treatment of crotalid venom poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30(1):33-39.
35. Scharman EJ, Noffsinger VD. Copperhead snakebites: clinical severity of local effects. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38(1):55-61.
36. Clark RF, McKinney PE, Chase PB, et al. Immediate and delayed allergic reactions to Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39(6):671-676.
37. Brent J. Toxicologists and the assessment of risk: the problem with mercury (commentary). J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39(7):707-710.