Phosphine on Jupiter and Saturn from Cassini/CIRS

Icarus

Volumn 202, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 543-564

  Fletcher, L N ^a   Orton, G S ^a   Teanby, N A ^b   Irwin, P G J ^b  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atmospheres; composition; Jupiter; Saturn; structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650080992     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.023     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Achterberg R.K., Conrath B.J., and Gierasch P.J. Cassini CIRS retrievals of ammonia in Jupiter's upper troposphere. Icarus 182 (2006) 169-180
2. Atreya S.K. Atmospheres and Ionospheres of the Outer Planets and Their Satellites. Physics and Chemistry in Space vol. 15 (1986), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
3. Atreya S.K., Wong M.H., Owen T.C., Mahaffy P.R., Niemann H.B., de Pater I., Drossart P., and Encrenaz T. A comparison of the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn: Deep atmospheric composition, cloud structure, vertical mixing, and origin. Planet. Space Sci. 47 (1999) 1243-1262
4. Baines K.H., Drossart P., Momary T.W., Formisano V., Griffith C., Bellucci G., Bibring J.P., Brown R.H., Buratti B.J., Capaccioni F., Cerroni P., Clark R.N., Coradini A., Combes M., Cruikshank D.P., Jaumann R., Langevin Y., Matson D.L., Mccord T.B., Mennella V., Nelson R.M., Nicholson P.D., Sicardy B., and Sotin C. The atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-infrared: First results of Cassini/VIMS. Earth Moon Planets (2006) 1-29
5. Baines K.H., Momary T.W., Roos-Serote M., and the Cassini/VIMS Science Team. North vs south on Saturn: Discovery of a pronounced hemispherical asymmetry in Saturn's 5-micron emission and associated deep cloud structure by Cassini/VIMS. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 (2006) 488
6. Banfield D., Gierasch P., Bell M., Ustinov E., Ingersoll A., Vasavada A., West R., and Belton M. Jupiter's cloud structure from Galileo imaging data. Icarus 135 1 (1998) 230-250
7. Bevington P.R., and Robinson D.K. Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences. second ed (1992), WBC/McGraw-Hill, New York
8. Bjoraker G., Larson H., and Kunde V. The gas composition of Jupiter derived from 5-μm airborne spectroscopic observations. Icarus 66 3 (1986) 579-609
9. Bjoraker G., Chanover N., Glenar D., and Hewagama T. Ammonia, phosphine, and cloud structure on Saturn derived from 5-micron spectra. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 (2006) Abstract 05.04
10. 3. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 84 (2004) 195-205
11. Carlson B., Lacis A., and Rossow W. Tropospheric gas composition and cloud structure of the jovian north equatorial belt. J. Geophys. Res. 98 E3 (1993) 5251-5290
12. Conrath B.J., and Gautier D. Saturn helium abundance: A reanalysis of Voyager measurements. Icarus 144 (2000) 124-134
13. Conrath B.J., and Pirraglia J.A. Thermal structure of Saturn from Voyager infrared measurements-Implications for atmospheric dynamics. Icarus 53 (1983) 286-292
14. Conrath B.J., Gierasch P.J., and Leroy S.S. Temperature and circulation in the stratosphere of the outer planets. Icarus 83 (1990) 255-281
15. Conrath B.J., Gierasch P.J., and Ustinov E.A. Thermal structure and para hydrogen fraction on the outer planets from Voyager IRIS measurements. Icarus 135 (1998) 501-517
16. 2O. Astron. Astrophys. 321 (1997) L13-L16
17. Del Genio A.D., Barbara J.M., Ferrier J., Ingersoll A.P., West R.A., Vasavada A.R., Spitale J., and Porco C.C. Saturn eddy momentum fluxes and convection: First estimates from Cassini images. Icarus 189 (2007) 479-492
18. 4 abundances on Jupiter from the Voyager Iris data at 4.5 μm. Icarus 49 3 (1982) 416-426
19. Edgington S.G., Atreya S.K., Trafton L.M., Caldwell J.J., Beebe R.F., Simon A.A., West R.A., and Barnet C. Phosphine mixing ratios and eddy mixing coefficients in the troposphere of Saturn. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 29 (1997) 992
20. Edgington S.G., Atreya S.K., Trafton L.M., Caldwell J.J., Beebe R.F., Simon A.A., West R.A., and Barnet C. On the latitude variation of ammonia, acetylene, and phosphine altitude profiles on Jupiter from HST faint object spectrograph observations. Icarus 133 (1998) 192-209
21. Edgington S.G., Atreya S.K., Trafton L.M., Caldwell J.J., Beebe R.F., Simon A.A., and West R.A. Ammonia and eddy mixing variations in the upper troposphere of Jupiter from HST faint object spectrograph observations. Icarus 142 (1999) 342-356
22. 4. Astrophys. J. 299 (1985) 1067-1078
23. Fegley B.J., and Lodders K. Chemical models of the deep atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Icarus 110 (1994) 117-154
24. Flasar F.M., Kunde V.G., Abbas M.M., Achterberg R.K., Ade P., Barucci A., Bézard B., Bjoraker G.L., Brasunas J.C., Calcutt S., Carlson R., Césarsky C.J., Conrath B.J., Coradini A., Courtin R., Coustenis A., Edberg S., Edgington S., Ferrari C., Fouchet T., Gautier D., Gierasch P.J., Grossman K., Irwin P., Jennings D.E., Lellouch E., Mamoutkine A.A., Marten A., Meyer J.P., Nixon C.A., Orton G.S., Owen T.C., Pearl J.C., Prangé R., Raulin F., Read P.L., Romani P.N., Samuelson R.E., Segura M.E., Showalter M.R., Simon-Miller A.A., Smith M.D., Spencer J.R., Spilker L.J., and Taylor F.W. Exploring the Saturn system in the thermal infrared: The composite infrared spectrometer. Space Sci. Rev. 115 (2004) 169-297
25. Fletcher, L.N., 2007. Saturn's atmosphere: Structure and composition from Cassini/CIRS. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford
26. Fletcher L.N., Irwin P.G.J., Teanby N.A., Orton G.S., Parrish P.D., Calcutt S.B., Bowles N., de Kok R., Howett C., and Taylor F.W. The meridional phosphine distribution in Saturn's upper troposphere from Cassini/CIRS observations. Icarus 188 (2007) 72-88
27. Fletcher L.N., Irwin P.G.J., Teanby N.A., Orton G.S., Parrish P.D., Calcutt S.B., de Kok R., Howett C., Bowles N., and Taylor F.W. Characterising Saturn's vertical temperature structure from Cassini/CIRS. Icarus 189 (2007) 457-478
28. Fletcher L.N., Irwin P.G.J., Orton G.S., Teanby N.A., Achterberg R.K., Bjoraker G.L., Read P.L., Simon-Miller A.A., Howett C., de Kok R., Bowles N., Calcutt S.B., Hesman B., and Flasar F.M. Temperature and composition of Saturn's polar hot spots and hexagon. Science 319 (2008) 79-82
29. Fletcher L.N., Orton G.S., Teanby N.A., Irwin P.G.J., and Bjoraker G.L. Methane and its isotopologues on Saturn from Cassini/CIRS observations. Icarus 199 (2009) 351-367
30. 14N ratio from Cassini/CIRS observations. Icarus 172 (2004) 50-58
31. Fouchet T., Guerlet S., Strobel D., Simon-Miller A., Bézard B., and Flasar F. An equatorial oscillation in Saturn's middle atmosphere. Nature 453 7192 (2008) 200-202
32. Godfrey D.A. A hexagonal feature around Saturn's North Pole. Icarus 76 (1988) 335-356
33. Godfrey D.A., and Moore V. The saturnian ribbon feature-A baroclinically unstable model. Icarus 68 (1986) 313-343
34. Grevesse N., Asplund M., and Sauval A. The solar chemical composition. Space Sci. Rev. 130 1 (2007) 105-114
35. In: Hanel R.A., Conrath B.J., Jennings D.E., and Samuelson R.E. (Eds). Exploration of the Solar System by Infrared Remote Sensing. second ed (2003), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK 534 pp
36. Ingersoll A., Beebe R., Mitchell J., Garneau G., Yagi G., and Muller J. Interaction of eddies and mean zonal flow on Jupiter as inferred from Voyager 1 and 2 images. J. Geophys. Res. 86 (1981) 8733-8743
37. Ingersoll A.P., Gierasch P.J., Banfield D., Vasavada A.R., and Galileo Imaging Team. Moist convection as an energy source for the large-scale motions in Jupiter's atmosphere. Nature 403 6770 (2000) 630-632
38. Ingersoll A.P., Dowling T.E., Gierasch P.J., Orton G.S., Read P.L., Sanchez-Lavega A., Showman A.P., Simon-Miller A.A., and Vasavada A.R. Dynamics of Jupiter's atmosphere. Jupiter. The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere (2004), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 105-128
39. Irwin P.G.J., and Dyudina U. The retrieval of cloud structure maps in the equatorial region of Jupiter using a principal component analysis of Galileo/NIMS data. Icarus 156 (2002) 52-63
40. Irwin P.G.J., Weir A.L., Smith S.E., Taylor F.W., Lambert A.L., Calcutt S.B., Cameron-Smith P.J., Carlson R.W., Baines K., Orton G.S., Drossart P., Encrenaz T., and Roos-Serote M. Cloud structure and atmospheric composition of Jupiter retrieved from Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer real-time spectra. J. Geophys. Res. 103 12 (1998) 23001-23022
41. Irwin P.G.J., Parrish P., Fouchet T., Calcutt S.B., Taylor F.W., Simon-Miller A.A., and Nixon C.A. Retrievals of jovian tropospheric phosphine from Cassini/CIRS. Icarus 172 (2004) 37-49
42. Irwin P., Teanby N., de Kok R., Fletcher L., Howett C., Tsang C., Wilson C., Calcutt S., Nixon C., and Parrish P. The NEMESIS planetary atmosphere radiative transfer and retrieval tool. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 109 6 (2008) 1136-1150
43. Karkoschka E., and Tomasko M. Saturn's vertical and latitudinal cloud structure 1991-2004 from HST imaging in 30 filters. Icarus 179 (2005) 195-221
44. Kaye J.A., and Strobel D.F. Phosphine photochemistry in the atmosphere of Saturn. Icarus 59 (1984) 314-335
45. Kerola D.X., Larson H.P., and Tomasko M.G. Analysis of the near-IR spectrum of Saturn: A comprehensive radiative transfer model of its middle and upper troposphere. Icarus 127 (1997) 190-212
46. 3 line parameters: The 2000 HITRAN update and new results. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 82 (2003) 293-312
47. 2O/ and the jovian D/H isotopic ratio. Astrophys. J. 263 (1982) 443-467
48. Lacis A.A., and Oinas V. A description of the correlated-k distribution method for modelling nongray gaseous absorption, thermal emission, and multiple scattering in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres. J. Geophys. Res. 96 15 (1991) 9027-9064
49. Lara L., Bézard B., Griffith C., Lacy J., and Owen T. High-resolution 10-micronmeter spectroscopy of ammonia and phosphine lines on Jupiter. Icarus 131 2 (1998) 317-333
50. Leovy C.B., Friedson A.J., and Orton G.S. The quasiquadrennial oscillation of Jupiter's equatorial stratosphere. Nature 354 (1991) 380-382
51. 3 ice from the far infrared to the near ultraviolet. Appl. Opt. 23 (1984) 541-547
52. Matcheva K., Conrath B., Gierasch P., and Flasar F. The cloud structure of the jovian atmosphere as seen by the Cassini/CIRS experiment. Icarus 179 2 (2005) 432-448
53. Niemann H.B., Atreya S.K., Carignan G.R., Donahue T.M., Haberman J.A., Harpold D.N., Hartle R.E., Hunten D.M., Kasprzak W.T., Mahaffy P.R., Owen T.C., and Way S.H. The composition of the jovian atmosphere as determined by the Galileo probe mass spectrometer. J. Geophys. Res. 103 12 (1998) 22831-22846
54. Orton G.S., and Yanamandra-Fisher P.A. Saturn's temperature field from high-resolution middle-infrared imaging. Science 307 (2005) 696-698
55. 3 in Saturn from observations of its 1-0 and 3-2 rotational lines. Icarus 146 (2000) 48-59
56. 3 in Saturn from observations of its 1-0 and 3-2 rotational lines. Icarus 149 (2001) 489-490
57. Orton G., Yanamandra-Fisher P., Fisher B., Friedson A., Parrish P., Nelson J., Bauermeister A., Fletcher L., Gezari D., Varosi F., Tokunaga A., Caldwell J., Baines K., Hora J., Ressler M., Fujiyoshi T., Fuse T., Hagopian H., Martin T., Bergstralh J., Howett C., Hoffmann W., Deutsch L., Van Cleve J., Noe E., Adams J., Kassis M., and Tollestrup E. Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn's low-latitude stratospheric temperatures. Nature 453 (2008) 196-198
58. Pérez-Hoyos S., Sánchez-Lavega A., French R.G., and Rojas J.F. Saturn's cloud structure and temporal evolution from ten years of Hubble Space Telescope images (1994-2003). Icarus 176 (2005) 155-174
59. Porco C.C., West R.A., McEwen A., Del Genio A.D., Ingersoll A.P., Thomas P., Squyres S., Dones L., Murray C.D., Johnson T.V., Burns J.A., Brahic A., Neukum G., Veverka J., Barbara J.M., Denk T., Evans M., Ferrier J.J., Geissler P., Helfenstein P., Roatsch T., Throop H., Tiscareno M., and Vasavada A.R. Cassini imaging of Jupiter's atmosphere, satellites, and rings. Science 299 (2003) 1541-1547
60. Prinn R.G., Larson H.P., Caldwell J.J., and Gautier D. Composition and chemistry of Saturn's atmosphere. Saturn (1984), Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson 88-149
61. Rodgers C.D. Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Remote Sounding: Theory and Practice (2000), World Scientific, Singapore
62. 4 bands of phosphine at low temperature. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 228 (2004) 23-30
63. Salyk C., Ingersoll A., Lorre J., Vasavada A., and Del Genio A. Interaction between eddies and mean flow in Jupiter's atmosphere: Analysis of Cassini imaging data. Icarus 185 2 (2006) 430-442
64. Sánchez-Lavega A., Rojas J.F., and Sada P.V. Saturn's zonal winds at cloud level. Icarus 147 (2000) 405-420
65. Sánchez-Lavega A., Hueso R., Pérez-Hoyos S., and Rojas J.F. A strong vortex in Saturn's south pole. Icarus 184 (2006) 524-531
66. Simon-Miller A., Gierasch P., Beebe R., Conrath B., Flasar F., and Achterberg R. New observational results concerning Jupiter's great red spot. Icarus 158 1 (2002) 249-266
67. Simon-Miller A.A., Conrath B.J., Gierasch P.J., Orton G.S., Achterberg R.K., Flasar F.M., and Fisher B.M. Jupiter's atmospheric temperatures: From Voyager IRIS to Cassini CIRS. Icarus 180 (2006) 98-112
68. Stam D.M., Banfield D., Gierasch P.J., Nicholson P.D., and Matthews K. Near-IR spectrophotometry of saturnian aerosols-meridional and vertical distribution. Icarus 152 (2001) 407-422
69. Vasavada A.R., Hörst S.M., Kennedy M.R., Ingersoll A.P., Porco C.C., Del Genio A.D., and West R.A. Cassini imaging of Saturn: Southern hemisphere winds and vortices. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 111 E10 (2006) 5004
70. West R., Baines K., Friedson A., Banfield D., Ragent B., and Taylor F. Jupiter. The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere. Cambridge Planetary Science (2004), Cambridge Univ. Press, New York 81
71. Wong M.H., Bjoraker G.L., Smith M.D., Flasar F.M., and Nixon C.A. Identification of the 10-μm ammonia ice feature on Jupiter. Planet. Space Sci. 52 (2004) 385-395