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The closest analog is the sudden polar warming phenomenon in Earth's atmosphere (see, for example, R. J. Reed, J. L. Wolfe, and H. Nishimoto. J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 2556, 1963), but it is a very short-term phenomenon, unlike Saturn's warm polar region, as suggested by several years of lower-resolution thermal imaging from the 3-m NASA infrared Telescope Facility.
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26
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13244285939
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note
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We thank the engineering staff of the W. M. Keck II Observatory, in particular LWS instrument specialists R. Campbell and M. Kassis; B. Fisher of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for his data reduction advice; A. Sanchez-Lavega and S. Perez Hoyos of the Universitdad del Pais Vasco for their Hubble Space Telescope data and its reduction; and A. James Friedson for several helpful discussions about Saturn's dynamics. Sponsored by a grant from NASA to JPL The tables required to look up temperatures as a function of outgoing radiance and emission angle were computed using a radiative-transfer code run efficiently with the help of JPL's Supercomputing Project.
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