Genetic relationships deduced from emm and multilocus sequence typing of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and S. canis recovered from isolates collected in the United States

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 47, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 2046-2054

  Ahmad, Yusra ^a   Gertz Jr , Robert E ^a   Li, Zhongya ^a   Sakota, Varja ^a   Broyles, Laura N ^b   Van Beneden, Chris ^a   Facklam, Richard ^a   Shewmaker, P Lynn ^a   Reingold, Arthur ^d,e   Farley, Monica M ^b,c   Beall, Bernard W ^a,f  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR IMMUNIZATION AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c ATLANTA VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA EMERGING INFECTIONS PROGRAM   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

M PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GENETICS; FIRMICUTES; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE TRANSFER; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HOUSEKEEPING GENE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STREPTOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS CANIS; STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE EQUISIMILIS; UNINDEXED SEQUENCE; UNITED STATES;

ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; BACTERIAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CARRIER PROTEINS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DNA FINGERPRINTING; DNA, BACTERIAL; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS; UNITED STATES;

STREPTOCOCCUS CANIS; STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE SUBSP. EQUISIMILIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES;

EID: 67650047741     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00246-09     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Beall, B., G. Gherardi, M. Lovgren, R. R. Facklam, B. A. Forwick, and G. J. Tyrrell. 2000. emm and sof gene sequence variation in relation to serological typing of opacity-factor-positive group A streptococci. Microbiology 146: 1195-1209.
2. Beall, B., R. R. Facklam, J. A. Elliott, A. R. Franklin, T. Hoenes, D. Jackson, L. Laclaire, T. Thompson, and R. Viswanathan. 1998. Streptococcal emm types associated with T-agglutination types and the use of conserved emm gene restriction fragment patterns for subtyping group A streptococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 47:893-898.
3. Beall, B., R. Facklam, T. Hoenes, and B. Schwartz. 1997. Survey of emm gene sequences and T-antigen types from systemic Streptococcus pyogenes infection isolates collected in San Francisco, California; Atlanta, Georgia; and Connecticut in 1994 and 1995. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:1231-1235.
4. Beall, B., R. Facklam, and T. Thompson. 1996. Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:953-958.
5. Bessen, D. E., K. F. McGregor, and A. M. Whatmore. 2008. Relationships between emm and multilocus sequence types within a global collection of Streptococcus pyogenes. BMC Microbiol. 8:59.
6. Bessen, D. E., J. R. Carapetis, B. Beall, R. Katz, M. Hibble, B. J. Currie, T. Collingridge, M. W. Izzo, D. A. Scaramuzzino, and K. S. Sriprakash. 2000. Contrasting molecular epidemiology of group A streptococci causing tropical and nontropical infections of the skin and throat. J. Infect. Dis. 182:1109-1116.
7. Broyles, L. N., C. Van Beneden, B. Beall, R. Facklam, P. L. Shewmaker, P. Malpiedi, P. Daily, A. Reingold, and M. M. Farley. 2009. Population-based study of invasive disease caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci of groups other than A and B. Clin. Infect. Dis. 48:706-712.
8. Campo, R. E., D. R. Schultz, and A. L. Bisno. 1995. M proteins of group G streptococci: mechanisms of resistance to phagocytosis. J. Infect. Dis. 171: 601-606.
9. Chhatwal, G. S., and S. R. Talay. 2000. Pathogenicity factors in C and G streptococci, p. 177-183. In V. A. Fischetti, R. P. Novick, J. J. Ferretti, D. A. Portnoy, and J. I. Rood (ed.), Gram-positive pathogens. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
10. Cleary, P. P., J. Peterson, C. Chen, and C. Nelson. 1991. Virulent human strains of group G streptococci express a C5a peptidase enzyme similar to that produced by group A streptococci. Infect. Immun. 59:2305-2310.
11. Cohen-Poradosu, R., J. Jaffe, D. Lavi, S. Grisariu-Greenzaid, R. Nir-Paz, L. Valinsky, M. Dan-Goor, C. Block, B. Beall, and A. E. Moses. 2004. Group G streptococcal bacteremia in Jerusalem. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10:1455-1460.
12. Davies, M. R., D. J. McMillan, R. G. Beiko, V. Barroso, R. Geffers, K. S. Sriprakas, and G. S. Chhatwal. 2007. Virulence profiling of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis isolated from infected humans reveals 2 distinct genetic lineages that do not segregate with their phenotypes or propensity to cause diseases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44:1442-1454.
13. Devriese, L. A., J. Hommez, R. Kilpper-Bälz, and K.-H. Schleifer. 1986. Streptococcus canis sp. nov.: a species of group G streptococci from animals. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36:422-425.
14. Dicuonzo, G., G. Gherardi, G. Lorino, S. Angeletti, M. De Cesaris, E. Fiscarelli, D. E. Bessen, and B. Beall. 2001. Group A streptococcal genotypes from pediatric throat isolates in Rome, Italy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 1687-1690.
15. Enright, M. C., B. G. Spratt, A. Kalia, J. H. Cross, and D. E. Bessen. 2001. Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes and the relationships between emm type and clone. Infect. Immun. 69:2416-2427.
16. Facklam, R. 2002. What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15:613-630.
17. Garcia, A., K. Paul, B. Beall, and H. McClure. 2006. Toxic shock due to Streptococcus pyogenes in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 45:79-82.
18. Gooskens, J., A. J. Neeling, R. J. Willems, J. W. Wout, and E. J. Kuijper. 2005. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome by an iMLS resistant M type 77 Streptococcus pyogenes in The Netherlands. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 37:85-89.
19. Humar, D., V. Datta, D. J. Bast, B. Beall, J. C. De Azavedo, and V. Nizet. 2002. Streptolysin S and necrotising infections produced by group G streptococcus. Lancet 359:124-129.
20. Igwe, E. I., P. L. Shewmaker, R. R. Facklam, M. M. Farley, C. van Beneden, and B. Beall. 2003. Identification of superantigen genes speM, ssa, and smeZ in invasive strains of beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci recovered from humans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 229:259-264.
21. Johnson, D. R., E. L. Kaplan, A. VanGheem, R. R. Facklam, and B. Beall. 2006. Characterization of group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes): correlation of M-protein and emm-gene type with T-protein agglutination pattern and serum opacity factor. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:157-164.
22. Kalia, A., and D. E. Bessen. 2003. Presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and C genes in human isolates of group G streptococci. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 219:291-295.
23. Kalia, A., M. C. Enright, B. G. Spratt, and D. E. Bessen. 2001. Directional gene movement from human-pathogenic to commensal-like streptococci. Infect. Immun. 69:4858-4869.
24. Lopardo, H. A., P. Vidal, M. Sparo, P. Jeric, D. Centron, R. R. Facklam, H. Paganini, N. G. Pagniez, M. Lovgren, and B. Beall. 2005. Six-month multicenter study on invasive infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in Argentina. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 802-807.
25. Malke, H. 2000. Genetics and pathogenicity factors of group C and G streptococci, p. 163-176. In V. A. Fischetti, R. P. Novick, J. J. Ferretti, D. A. Portnoy, and J. I. Rood (ed.), Gram-positive pathogens. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
26. McGregor, K. F., N. Bilek, A. Bennett, A. Kalia, B. Beall, J. R. Carapetis, B. J. Currie, K. S. Sriprakash, B. G. Spratt, and D. E. Bessen. 2004. Group A streptococci from a remote community have novel multilocus genotypes but share emm types and housekeeping alleles with isolates from worldwide sources. J. Infect. Dis. 189:717-723.
27. McGregor, K. F., and B. G. Spratt. 2005. Identity and prevalence of multilocus sequence typing-defined clones of group A streptococci within a hospital setting. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:1963-1967.
28. McGregor, K. F., B. G. Spratt, A. Kalia, A. Bennett, N. Bilek, B. Beall, and D. E. Bessen. 2004. Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes representing most known emm types and distinctions among subpopulation genetic structures. J. Bacteriol. 186:4285-4294.
29. O'Loughlin, R. E., A. Roberson, P. R. Cieslak, R. Lynfield, K. Gershman, A. Craig, B. A. Albanese, M. M. Farley, N. L. Barrett, N. L. Spina, B. Beall, L. H. Harrison, A. Reingold, C. Van Beneden, and Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. 2007. The epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infection and potential vaccine implications: United States, 2000-2004. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45:853-862.
30. Pinho, M. D., J. Melo-Cristino, and M. Ramirez. 2006. Clonal relationships between invasive and noninvasive Lancefield group C and G streptococci and emm-specific differences in invasiveness. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:841-846.
31. Proft, T., P. D. Webb, V. Handley, and J. D. Fraser. 2003. Two novel superantigens found in both group A and group C Streptococcus. Infect. Immun. 71:1361-1369.
32. Robinson, D. A., J. A. Sutcliffe, W. Tewodros, A. Manoharan, and D. E. Bessen. 2006. Evolution and global dissemination of macrolide-resistant group A streptococci. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:2903-2911.
33. Sachse, S., P. Seidel, D. Gerlach, E. Günther, J. Rödel, E. Straube, and K. H. Schmidt. 2002. Superantigen-like gene(s) in human pathogenic Streptococcus dysgalactiae, subsp equisimilis: genomic localisation of the gene encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin G (speG(dys)). FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 34:159-167.
34. Sakota, V., A. M. Fry, T. M. Lietman, R. R. Facklam, Z. Li, and B. Beall. 2006. Genetically diverse group A streptococci from children in far-western Nepal share high genetic relatedness with isolates from other countries. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:2160-2166.
35. Shulman, S. T., R. R. Tanz, W. Kabat, K. Kabat, E. Cederlund, D. Patel, Z. Li, V. Sakota, J. B. Dale, B. Beall, and U.S. Streptococcal Pharyngitis Surveillance Group. 2004. Group A streptococcal pharyngitis serotype surveillance in North America, 2000-2002. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39:325-332.
36. Sylvetsky, N., D. Raveh, Y. Schlesinger, B. Rudensky, and A. M. Yinnon. 2002. Bacteremia due to beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group G: increasing incidence and clinical characteristics of patients. Am. J. Med. 112:622-626.
37. Szczypa, K., E. Sadowy, R. Izdebsk, and W. Hryniewicz. 2004. A rapid increase in macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Poland during 1996-2002. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54:828-831.
38. Vojtek, I., Z. A. Pirzada, B. Henriques-Normark, M. Mastny, R. P. Janapatla, and E. Charpentier. 2008. Lysogenic transfer of group A Streptococcus superantigen gene among streptococci. J. Infect. Dis. 197:225-234.
39. Whatmore, A. M., K. H. Engler, G. Gudmundsdottir, and A. Efstratiou. 2001. Identification of isolates of Streptococcus canis infecting humans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:4196-4199.
40. Whatmore, A. M., V. Kapur, D. J. Sullivan, J. M. Musser, and M. A. Kehoe. 1994. Non-congruent relationships between variation in emm gene sequences and the population genetic structure of group A streptococci. Mol. Microbiol. 14:619-631.