Population structure and regeneration of multiple-use tree species in a semi-deciduous African tropical rainforest: Implications for primate conservation

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 258, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 840-849

  Mwavu, Edward N ^a,b   Witkowski, Ed T F ^b  

^a MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Chimpanzee conservation; Discontinuous regeneration; Logging; Natural regeneration; Primate food trees; Size class distributions (SCDs)

Indexed keywords

CHIMPANZEE CONSERVATION; DISCONTINUOUS REGENERATION; LOGGING; NATURAL REGENERATION; PRIMATE FOOD TREES; SIZE-CLASS DISTRIBUTIONS (SCDS);

CONSERVATION; EMPLOYMENT; HARVESTING; LOGGING (FORESTRY); MAMMALS; TIMBER;

POPULATION STATISTICS;

DECIDUOUS FOREST; ENDOGENOUS GROWTH; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PRIMATE; RAINFOREST; REGENERATION; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; EMPLOYMENT; HARVESTING; LOGGING; MAMMALS; REFORESTATION;

ALSTONIA; ALSTONIA BOONEI; ANIMALIA; ANTIARIS; ANTIARIS TOXICARIA; AVES; CELTIS MILDBRAEDII; CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM; CHRYSOPHYLLUM PERPULCHRUM; CORDIA; CYNOMETRA ALEXANDRI; DIOSPYROS; FUNTUMIA ELASTICA; LASIODISCUS MILDBRAEDII; PAN; POUTERIA; POUTERIA ALTISSIMA; PRIMATES;

EID: 67649978013     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.019     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Ägren J. Population size, pollinator limitation, and seed set in the self-incompatible herb Lythrum salicaria. Ecology 77 (1996) 1779-1790
2. Augspurger C.K. Pathogen mortality of tropical tree seedlings: experimental studies of the effects of dispersal distances, seedling density and light conditions. Oecologia 61 (1984) 211-217
3. Bazzaz F. Regeneration of tropical forests. Physiological responses of pioneer and secondary species. In: Gomez-Pompa A., Whitmore T., and Hadley M. (Eds). Rainforest Regeneration and Management (1991), Parthenon Publishing, Paris 91-118
4. Botha J., Witkowski E.T.F., and Shackleton C.M. The impact of commercial harvesting on Warburgia salutaris (pepper-back tree) in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Biodiv. Conserv. 13 9 (2004) 1675-1698
5. Bradshaw G., and Spies T. Characterising canopy gap structure in forests using wavelet analysis. J. Ecol. 80 (1992) 205-215
6. Brown M.J., and Parker G.C. Canopy light transmittance in a chronosequence of mixed-species deciduous forests. Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994) 1694-1703
7. Chapman C.A., Chapman L.J., and Gillispie T.R. Scale issues in the study of primate foraging: red colobus of Kibale National Park. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 177 (2002) 349-363
8. Clark D.B. The role of disturbance in the regeneration of Neotropical moist forests. In: Bawa K., and Hadley M. (Eds). Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Rain Forest Plants (1990), UNESCO, Paris 291-315
9. Clark D.B., Palmer M.W., and Clark D.A. Edaphic factors and the landscape-scale distributions of Tropical Rainforest Trees. Ecology 80 8 (1999) 2662-2675
10. Condit R., Sukumar R., Hubbell S.P., and Foster R.B. Predicting population trends from size distributions: a direct test in a tropical tree community. Am. Nat. 152 (1998) 495-509
11. Conklin N.L., and Wrangham R.W. The value of figs to a hind-gut fermenting frugivores: a nutritional analysis. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22 (1994) 137-151
12. Cordeiro N.J., Burgess N.D., Dovie D.B.K., Kaplin B.A., Plumptre A.J., and Marrs R. Conservation in areas of high population density in sub-Saharan Africa. Biol. Conserv. 134 2 (2007) 155-163
13. Dytham C. Choosing and Using Statistics: A Biologist's Guide. 2nd ed. (2003), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford pp. 165-199
14. Eggeling W.J. Observations on the ecology of the Budongo rainforest, Uganda. J. Ecol. 34 (1947) 20-87
15. Everard D.A., Van Wyk G.F., and Midgley J.J. Disturbances and the diversity of forest in Natal South Africa: lessons for their utilization. Strelitzia 1 (1994) 275-286
16. Fashing P.J., and Gathua J.M. Spatial variability in the vegetation structure and composition of an East African rainforest. Afr. J. Ecol. 42 (2004) 189-197
17. Fashing P.J. Mortality trends in the African cherry (Prunus Africana) and implications for colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Biol. Conserv. 120 (2004) 449-459
18. Fashing P.J., Forrestel A., Scully C., and Cords M. Long-term tree population dynamics and their implications for the conservation of the Kakamega Forest Kenya. Biodiv. Conserv. 13 (2004) 753-771
19. Gathua M. The effects of primates and squirrels on seed survival of a canopy tree, Afzelia quanzensis in Arabuko-Sokoke forest Kenya. Biotropica 32 1 (2000) 127-132
20. Ghazoul J. Implications of plant spatial distribution for pollination and seed production. In: Burslem D.F.R.P., Pinard M.A., and Hartley S.E. (Eds). Biotic Interactions in the Tropics: Their role in the Maintenance of Species Diversity (2005), Cambridge University Press, NY 241-266
21. Grombone-Guaratini M.T., and Rodrigues R.R. Seed bank and seed rain in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest in south-eastern Brazil. J. Trop. Ecol. 18 (2002) 759-774
22. Guariguata M.R. Seed and seedling ecology of tree species in Neotropical secondary forests: management implications. Ecol. Appl. 10 1 (2000) 145-154
23. Harper J.L. Population Biology of Plants (1977), Academic Press, London
24. Harris T.R., and Chapman C.A. Variation in diet and ranging of black and white colobus monkeys in Kibale National Park. Primates 48 (2007) 208-221
25. Hill C.M. Conflict of interest between people and baboons: crop raiding in Uganda. Int. J. Primatol. 21 2 (2000) 299-315
26. Howard P.C. Nature Conservation in Uganda's Tropical Forest Reserves (1991), IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
27. Jennersten O., and Nilsson S.G. Insect flower visitation frequency and seed production in relation to patch size of Viscaria vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae). Oikos 68 (1993) 283-292
28. Langdale-Brown J., Osmaston H.A., and Wilson J.G. The Vegetation of Uganda and its Bearing on Land Use (1964), Government Printer, Entebbe, Uganda
29. Luoga E.J., Witkowski E.T.F., and Balkwill K. Harvested and standing wood stocks in protected and communal miombo woodlands of Eastern Tanzania. For. Ecol. Manage. 164 (2002) 15-30
30. Lykke A.M. Assessment of species composition change in savanna vegetation by means of woody plants' size class distributions and local information. Biodiv. Conserv. 7 (1998) 1261-1275
31. McLaren K.P., McDonald M.A., Hall J.B., and Healey J.R. Predicting species response to disturbance from size class distributions of adults and saplings in a Jamaican tropical dry forest. Plant Ecol. 181 (2005) 69-84
32. Makana J.-R., and Thomas S.C. Impacts of selective logging and agricultural clearing on forest structure, floristic composition and diversity, and timber tree regeneration in the Ituri forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. Biodiv. Conserv. 15 (2006) 1375-1397
33. MNR (Ministry of Natural Resources), 1997. Forest Management plan for Budongo Forest Reserve, 4th edition-for the period 1st July 1997 to 30th June 2007. Republic of Uganda.
34. Mwavu E.N., and Witkowski E.T.F. Land-use/cover changes around Budongo Forest Reserve, NW Uganda: implications for sustainability of the forest/woodland. Land Degrad. Dev. 19 (2008) 606-622
35. Mwavu E.N., and Witkowski E.T.F. Sprouting of woody species following cutting and tree-fall in lowland semi-deciduous tropical rainforest, North-Western Uganda. For. Ecol. Manage. 255 (2008) 982-992
36. Mwavu E.N., Witkowski E.T.F., and Mucina L. Plant communities of a semi-deciduous tropical rainforest in north-western Uganda: role of soil and anthropogenic factors. Phytocoenologia 38 3 (2008) 193-211
37. Mwima P.M., Obua J., and Oryem-Origa H. Effect of logging on the natural regeneration of Khaya anthotheca in Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. Int. For. Rev. 3 (2001) 131-135
38. Newton-Fisher N.E. The diet of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. 37 3 (1999) 344-354
39. Nicotra A.B., Chazdon R.L., and Iriarte S.V.B. Spatial heterogeneity of light and woody seedling regeneration in tropical wet forests. Ecology 80 6 (1999) 1908-1926
40. Obiri J., Lawes M., and Mukolwe M. The dynamics and sustainable use of high-value tree species of the coastal Pondoland forests of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. For. Ecol. Manage. 166 (2002) 131-148
41. Oliver C.D., and Larson B.C. Forest Stand Dynamics (1990), McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York
42. Olupot W. Long-term variation in mangabey (Cercocebus albigena johnstonii Lydekker) feeding in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. 36 (1998) 96-101
43. Peters C.M. Sustainable Harvest of Non-Timber Plant Resources in Tropical moist forest: An Ecological Primer (1994), Biodiversity Support Programme, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC
44. Plumptre A.J. The importance of 'seed trees' for the natural regeneration of selectively logged tropical forest. Commonw. For. Rev. 74 3 (1995) 253-258
45. Plumptre A.J. Changes following 60 years of selective timber harvesting in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. For. Ecol. Manage. 89 (1996) 101-113
46. Plumptre A.J., and Reynolds V. The effects of selective logging on the primate populations in Budongo Forest reserve, Uganda. J. Appl. Ecol. 31 (1994) 631-641
47. Plumptre A.J., Cox D., and Mugume S. The Status of the Chimpanzees in Uganda (2003), Wildlife Conservation Society, New York
48. Plumptre A.J., Davenport T.R.B., Behangana M., Kityo R., Eilu G., Ssegawa P., Ewango C., Meirte D., Kahindo C., Herremans M., Peterhans J.K., Pilgrim J.D., Wilson M., Languy M., and Moyer D. The biodiversity of the Albertine Rift. Biol. Conserv. 134 2 (2007) 178-194
49. Poorter L., Bongers F., van Rompaey R.S.A.R., and de Klerk M. Regeneration of canopy tree species at five sites in West African moist forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 85 (1996) 61-69
50. Primack R., and Corlett R. Tropical Rainforests: An Ecological and Biogeographical Comparison (2005), Blackwell Science Ltd., UK
51. Reynolds V. The Chimpanzees of Budongo Forest: Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation (2005), Oxford University Press, UK p. 297
52. Reynolds V., Plumptre A.J., Greenham J., and Harbone J. Condensed tannins and sugars in the diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Oecologia 115 (1998) 331-336
53. Sano J. Age and size distribution in a long-term forest dynamics. For. Ecol. Manage. 92 1-3 (1997) 39-44
54. ®, Version 3.1. (CAP 3.1) (2006), Pisces Conservation Ltd., Lymington, England
55. Sheil, D., 1996. The ecology of long term change in a Ugandan rain forest. A PhD Thesis. University of Oxford, UK.
56. Sheil D., Jennings S., and Savill P. Long-term permanent plot observations of vegetation dynamics in Budongo, a Ugandan rainforest. J. Trop. Ecol. 16 (2000) 765-800
57. Silander J.A. Density-dependent control of reproductive success in Cassia biflora. Biotropica 10 (1978) 292-296
58. Silvertown J. Introduction to Plant Population Ecology (1982), Longman, New York
59. Synnott, T.J., 1975. Factors Affecting the Regeneration and Growth of Seedlings of Entandrophragma utile (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague. A Ph.D. Dissertation. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, p. 224.
60. Teketay, D., 1996. Seed Ecology and Regeneration in Dry Afromontane Forests of Ethiopia. A PhD Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden.
61. Teketay D. Seedling population and regeneration of woody species in dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia. For. Ecol. Manage. 98 (1997) 149-165
62. Tweheyo, M., 2003. Abundance, Distribution and Phenology of Chimpanzee Food in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. Doctor scientiarum theses. Department of Biology and Nature Conservation, Agricultural University of Norway, Ås, Norway, p. 14.
63. Tweheyo M., Hill C.M., and Obua J. Patterns of crop raiding by primates around the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. Wildlife Biol. 11 3 (2005) 237-247
64. Tweheyo M., and Lye K.A. Patterns of frugivory of the Budongo Forest chimpanzees, Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. 43 (2005) 282-290
65. Tweheyo M., and Babweteera F. Production, seasonality and management of chimpanzee food trees in Budongo Forest, Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. 45 (2007) 535-544
66. West A.G., Midgley J.J., and Bond W.J. Regeneration failure and potential importance of human disturbance in a subtropical forest. Appl. Veg. Sci. 3 (2000) 223-232
67. Whitmore T. A review of some aspects of tropical rainforest seedling ecology with suggestions for further enquiry. In: Swaine M. (Ed). The Ecology of Tropical Forest Tree Seedlings (1996), Parthenon Publishing, Paris 3-39
68. Whitmore T.C., and Sayer J.A. Tropical Deforestation and Species Extinction (1992), Chapman & Hall, London 153 pp.
69. Wilson B.G., and Witkowski E.T.F. Seed banks, back thickness, and changes in age and size structure (1978-1999) of the African savanna tree, Burkea africana. Plant Ecol. 167 (2003) 151-162