Model checking C source code for embedded systems

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 187-202

  Schlich, Bastian ^a   Kowalewski, Stefan ^a  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Assembly code; C code; Embedded systems; Microcontroller; Model checking

Indexed keywords

ASSEMBLY CODE; C CODE; C CODES; MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMS; MODEL CHECKER; NEW MODEL; SOURCE CODES;

CONTROLLERS; DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERSION; EMBEDDED SYSTEMS; MICROCONTROLLERS;

MODEL CHECKING;

EID: 67649878349     PISSN: 14332779     EISSN: 14332787     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10009-009-0106-5     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (44)

1. Andrews, T., Qadeer, S., Rajamani, S.K., Rehof, J., Xie, Y.: Zing: A model checker for concurrent software. Tech. Rep. MSR-TR-2004-10, Microsoft Research (2004)
2. Ball, T., Kupferman, O., Yorsh, G.: Abstraction for falsification. Tech. Rep. MSR-TR-2005-50, Microsoft Research (2005)
3. Ball, T., Rajamani, S.: Boolean programs: A model and process for software analysis. Tech. Rep. 2000-14, Microsoft Research (2000)
4. Ball, T., Rajamani, S.K.: Bebop: A symbolic model checker for boolean programs. In: Proceedings of the 7th International SPIN Workshop SPIN Model Checking and Software Verification. Lecture Notes In Computer Science, vol. 1885, pp. 113-130. Springer, Berlin (2000)
5. Ball, T., Rajamani, S.K.: Automatically validating temporal safety properties of interfaces. In: SPIN 2001, Workshop on Model Checking of Software, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2057, pp. 103-122 (2001)
6. Ball, T., Rajamani, S.K.: The SLAM toolkit. In: CAV'01, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2102. Paris, France (2001)
7. Berard B., Bidoit M., Finkel A., Laroussinie F., Petit A., Petrucci L., Schnoebelen P.: Systems and Software Verification: Model Checking Techniques and Tools. Springer, Berlin (2001)
8. Chaki S., Clarke E., Groce A., Jha S., Veith H.: Modular verification of software components in C. Trans. Softw. Eng. (TSE) 30(6), 388-402 (2004)
9. Chaki S., Clarke E., Groce A., Ouaknine J., Strichman O., Yorav K.: Efficient verification of sequential and concurrent C programs. Formal Methods Syst. Des. (FMSD) 25(2-3), 129-166 (2004)
10. Ahen, H., Wagner, D.: MOPS: an infrastructure for examining security properties of software. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), ACM, pp. 235-244 (2002)
11. Clarke, E., Grumberg, O., Jha, S., Lu, Y., Veith, H.: Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement. In: Computer Aided Verification, pp. 154-169 (1998)
12. Clarke E., Kroening D., Lerda F.: A tool for checking ANSI-C programs. In: Jensen, K., Podelski, A. (eds) Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2004). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2988, pp. 168-176. Springer, Berlin (2004)
13. Clarke E., Kroening D., Sharygina N., Yorav K.: Predicate abstraction of ANSI-C programs using SAT. Formal Methods Syst. Des. (FMSD) 25, 105-127 (2004)
14. Clarke, E., Kroening, D., Sharygina, N., Yorav, K.: Satabs: Sat-based predicate abstraction for ANSI-C. In: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2005). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3440, pp. 570-574. Springer, Berlin (2005)
15. Clarke E.M., Grumberg O., Peled D.A.: Model Checking. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)
16. Colon, M., Uribe, T.: Generating finite-state abstractions of reactive systems using decision procedures. In: Computer Aided Verification, pp. 293-304 (1998)
17. Ganai, M.K., Gupta, A., Ashar, P.: DiVer: SAT-based model checking platform for verifying large scale systems. In: TACAS, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3440, pp. 575-580. Springer, Berlin (2005)
18. Graf, S., Saidi, H.: Construction of abstract state graphs with PVS. In: Proc. 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV'97), vol. 1254, pp. 72-83 (1997)
19. Henzinger, T.A., Jhala, R., Majumdar, R., Sutre, G.: Lazy abstraction. In: ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Conference on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), ACM, pp. 58-70 (2002)
20. Herberich, G., Noll, T., Schlich, B., Weise, C.: Proving correctness of an efficient abstraction for interrupt handling. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Internaitonal Workshop Systems Software Verification (SSV 08). Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008, to appear)
21. Holzmann G.J.: The Spin Model Checker: Primer and Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley Professional, Reading (2004)
22. Holzmann, G.J., Smith, M.H.: Software model checking: Extracting verification models from source code. In: Formal Methods for Protocol Engineering and Distributed Systems (FORTE/PSTV99), pp. 481-497 (1999)
23. Ivanicic, F., Shlyakhter, I., Gupta, A., Ganai, M.K.: Model checking C programs using F-Soft. In: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD '05), pp. 297-308. IEEE Computer Society (2005). doi: 10.1109/ICCD.2005.77
24. Keller, C.W., Saha, D., Basu, S., Smolka, S.A.: FocusCheck: A tool for model checking and debugging sequential C programs. In: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2005), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3440, pp. 563-569. Springer, Berlin (2005)
25. Larsen, K.G., Larsson, F., Pettersson, P., Yi, W.: Efficient verification of real-time systems: Compact data structure and state-space reduction. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS '97), pp. 14-24. IEEE, Washington, DC, USA (1997)
26. Larsen, K.G., Pettersson, P.: Timed and hybrid systems in UPPAAL2k (2000). Presentation at MOVEP 2000
27. Leven, P., Mehler, T., Edelkamp, S.: Directed error detection in C++ with the assembly-level model checker StEAM. In: Model Checking Software (SPIN), pp. 39-56 (2004)
28. McMillan, K.L.: Symbolic model checking - an approach to the state explosion problem. Ph.D. thesis, SCS, Carnegie Mellon University (1992)
29. Mehler, T., Leven, P.: Introduction to StEAM - an assembly-level software model checker. Tech. Rep. 193, University of Dortmund and University of Freiburg (2003)
30. Mercer, E., Jones, M.: Model checking machine code with the GNU debugger. In: Proceedings of the 12th International SPIN Workshop. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3639, pp. 251-265. Springer, Berlin (2005)
31. Necula, G.C., McPeak, S., Rahul, S.P., Weimer, W.: CIL: Intermediate language and tools for analysis and transformation of C programs. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC '02). Lecture Notes In Computer Science, vol. 2304, pp. 213-228. Springer, Berlin (2002)
32. Noll, T., Schlich, B.: Delayed nondeterminism in model checking embedded systems assembly code. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Haifa Verification Conference (HVC 2007). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4899, pp. 185-201. Springer, Berlin (2008). doi: 10.1007/ 978-3-540-77966-7_16
33. Rohrbach, M.: An approach for model checking embedded systems software. Diploma thesis, RWTH Aachen University (2006)
34. Schlich, B., Kowalewski, S.: C model checking: A survey. Tech. Rep. RWTH-I11-2005-2, Embedded Software Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University (2005)
35. Schlich, B., Kowalewski, S.: Model checking C source code for embedded systems. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B., Hinchey, M.G. (eds.) Proceedings of the IEEE/NASA Workshop Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification, and Validation (IEEE/NASA ISoLA 2005), pp. 65-77. NASA, Maryland, USA (2005). NASA/CP-2005-212788
36. Schlich, B., Kowalewski, S.: [mc]square: A model checker for microcontroller code. In: Margaria, T., Philippou, A., Steffen, B. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (IEEE-ISoLA 2006). IEEE Computer Society (2006)
37. Schlich, B., Kowalewski, S.: An extendable architecture for model checking hardware-specific automotive microcontroller code. In: Schnieder, E., Tarnai, G. (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th Symposiuum on Formal Methods for Automation and Safety in Railway and Automotive Systems (FORMS/FORMAT 2007), pp. 202-212. GZVB, Braunschweig, Germany (2007)
38. Schlich, B., Löll, J., Kowalewski, S.: Application of static analyses for state space reduction to microcontroller assembly code. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 2007). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4916. Springer, Berlin (2008)
39. Schlich, B., Rohrbach, M., Weber, M., Kowalewski, S.: Model checking software for microcontrollers. Tech. Rep. AIB-2006-11 RWTH Aachen University (2006). http://aib.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/2006/2006-11.pdf
40. Schlich, B., Salewski, F., Kowalewski, S.: Applying model checking to an automotive microcontroller application. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES 2007), pp. 209-216. IEEE (2007). doi: 10.1109/SIES.2007.4297337
41. Schwoon, S.: Model-checking pushdown systems. Ph.D. thesis, TU Munich (2002)
42. Titzer, B.L.: Avrora: The AVR simulation and analysis framework. Master's thesis, University of California, Los Angeles (2004)
43. Titzer, B.L., Lee, D.K., Palsberg, J.: Avrora: Scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing. In: Proceedings of the 4th Internatianal Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05) (2005)
44. Weiβenbacher, G.: An abstraction/refinement scheme for model checking C programs. Master's thesis, Institut für Softwaretechnologie der Technischen Universität Graz (2003). http:// prdownloads.sourceforge.net/boop/thesis.ps.gz?download