The effect of gender on the clinical clerkship experiences of female medical students: Results from a qualitative study

Academic Medicine

Volumn 84, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 859-866

  Babaria, Palav ^a   Abedin, Sakena ^b   Nunez Smith, Marcella ^a,b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EDUCATION; ETHNICITY; EXPECTATION; FEMALE; FEMALE PHYSICIAN; GENDER; HUMAN; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MEDICAL STUDENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; WORKPLACE; CAREER MOBILITY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; GENDER IDENTITY; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; MALE; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STANDARD; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CAREER CHOICE; CAREER MOBILITY; CLINICAL CLERKSHIP; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMANS; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MALE; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; PHYSICIANS, WOMEN; SELF CONCEPT; STEREOTYPING; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67649801914     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181a8130c     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Barzansky B, Etzel SI. Medical schools in the United States, 2006-2007. JAMA. 2007;298: 1071-1077.
2. Bickel J. Gender stereotypes and misconceptions: Unresolved issues in physicians' professional development. JAMA. 1997;277:1405, 1407. (Pubitemid 27194955)
3. Carr PL, Friedman RH, Moskowitz MA, Kazis LE. Comparing the status of women and men in academic medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:908-913. (Pubitemid 23316876)
4. Nonnemaker L. Women physicians in academic medicine: New insights from cohort studies. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:399-405. (Pubitemid 30084539)
5. Peterson NB, Friedman RH, Ash AS, Franco S, Carr PL. Faculty self-reported experience with racial and ethnic discrimination in academic medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2004; 19:259-265. (Pubitemid 38388936)
6. Ash AS, Carr PL, Goldstein R, Friedman RH. Compensation and advancement of women in academic medicine: Is there equity? Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:205-212.
7. Carr PL, Ash AS, Friedman RH, et al. Faculty perceptions of gender discrimination and sexual harassment in academic medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:889-896.
8. Carr PL, Szalacha L, Barnett R, Caswell C, Inui T. A "ton of feathers": Gender discrimination in academic medical careers and how to manage it. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003;12:1009-1018.
9. Komaromy M, Bindman AB, Haber RJ, Sande MA. Sexual harassment in medical training. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:322-326.
10. Corbie-Smith G, Frank E, Nickens HW, Elon L. Prevalences and correlates of ethnic harassment in the U.S. Women Physicians' Health Study. Acad Med. 1999;74:695-701.
11. Gjerberg E, Kjolsrod L. The doctor-nurse relationship: How easy is it to be a female doctor co-operating with a female nurse? Soc Sci Med. 2001;52:189-202.
12. Wear D, Keck-McNulty C. Attitudes of female nurses and female residents toward each other: A qualitative study in one U.S. teaching hospital. Acad Med. 2004;79:291-301. (Pubitemid 38451078)
13. American Medical Association. Addressing and Preventing Sexual Harassment in Medicine. Available at: (http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/ pub/upload/mm/19/ sexualharassreport.pdf). Accessed March 12, 2009.
14. Nora LM, McLaughlin MA, Fosson SE, et al. Gender discrimination and sexual harassment in medical education: Perspectives gained by a 14-school study. Acad Med. 2002;77(12 pt 1):1226-1234.
15. Richman JA, Flaherty JA, Rospenda KM, Christensen ML. Mental health consequences and correlates of reported medical student abuse. JAMA. 1992;267:692-694.
16. Stratton TD, McLaughlin MA, Witte FM, Fosson SE, Nora LM. Does students' exposure to gender discrimination and sexual harassment in medical school affect specialty choice and residency program selection? Acad Med. 2005;80:400-408.
17. Wear D, Aultman JM, Borges NJ. Retheorizing sexual harassment in medical education: Women students' perceptions at five U.S. medical schools. Teach Learn Med. Winter 2007;19:20-29.
18. Baldwin DC Jr, Daugherty SR, Eckenfels EJ. Student perceptions of mistreatment and harassment during medical school. A survey of ten United States schools. West J Med. 1991;155:140-145.
19. Richardson DA, Becker M, Frank RR, Sokol RJ. Assessing medical students' perceptions of mistreatment in their second and third years. Acad Med. 1997;72:728-730. (Pubitemid 27355762)
20. Nora LM, Daugherty SR, Hersh K, Schmidt J, Goodman LJ. What do medical students mean when they say "sexual harassment"? Acad Med. 1993;68(10 suppl):S49-S51.
21. Malterud K. The art and science of clinical knowledge: Evidence beyond measures and numbers. Lancet. 2001;358:397-400. (Pubitemid 32739105)
22. Patton MQ, Patton MQ. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications; 2002.
23. Edwards R. Connecting method and epistemology: A white woman interviewing black women. Womens Stud Int Forum. 1990;13:477-490.
24. Wilde V. Controversial hypotheses on the relationship between researcher and informant in qualitative research. J Adv Nurs. 1992;17:234-242.
25. Bradley EH, Curry LA, Devers KJ. Qualitative data analysis for health services research: Developing taxonomy, themes, and theory. Health Serv Res. 2007;42:1758-1772.
26. Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications; 1994.
27. Mays N, Pope C. Rigour and qualitative research. BMJ. 1995;311:109-112.
28. Seabrook MA. Clinical students' initial reports of the educational climate in a single medical school. Med Educ. 2004;38: 659-669.
29. Fitzpatrick KM, Wright MP. Gender differences in medical school attrition rates, 1973-1992. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1995; 50:204-206.
30. Moscarello R, Margittai KJ, Rossi M. Differences in abuse reported by female and male Canadian medical students. CMAJ. 1994;150:357-363. (Pubitemid 24108768)
31. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Eacker A, et al. Race, ethnicity, and medical student wellbeing in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:2103-2109. (Pubitemid 350036710)
32. Lempp H, Seale C. Medical students' perceptions in relation to ethnicity and gender: A qualitative study. BMC Med Educ. 2006;6:17.
33. Carr PL, Gareis KC, Barnett RC. Characteristics and outcomes for women physicians who work reduced hours. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003;12:399-405.