Reevaluating marine diets of sure and white-winged scoters: Interspecific differences and the importance of soft-bodied prey

Condor

Volumn 110, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 285-295

  Anderson, Eric M ^a   Lovvorn, James R ^a   Wilson, Matthew T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bivalves; Diet; Melanitta fusca; Melanitta perspicillata; Puget sound; Surf scoter; White winged

Indexed keywords

AVES; BIVALVIA; CRUSTACEA; GASTROPODA; MELANITTA; MELANITTA FUSCA; MELANITTA PERSPICILLATA; MOLLUSCA; POLYCHAETA;

EID: 67649742925     PISSN: 00105422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/cond.2008.8458     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. ANNETT, C. A., AND R. PIEROTTI. 1999. Long-term reproductive output in Western Gulls: Consequences of alternate tactics in diet choice. Ecology 80:288-297.
2. ANTEAU, M. J., AND A. D. AFTON. 2004. Nutrient reserves of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the Mississippi flyway: A test of the spring condition hypothesis. Auk 121:917-929.
3. ASHKENAS, L. R., S. L. JOHNSON, S. V. GREGORY, J. L. TANK, AND W. M. WOLLHEIM. 2004. A stable isotope tracer study of nitrogen uptake and transformation in an old-growth forest stream. Ecology 85:1725-1739.
4. BISHOP, M. A., AND P. G. GREEN. 2001. Predation on Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) spawn by birds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Fisheries Oceanography 10 (Suppl. 1):149-158.
5. BOERSMA, P. D., G. A. REBSTOCK, D. L. STOKES, AND P. MAJLUF. 2007. Oceans apart: Conservation models for two temperate penguin species shaped by the marine environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:217-225.
6. BORDAGE, D., AND J.-P. L. SAVARD. 1995. Black Scoter (Melanitta nigra). In A. Poole and F. Gill [EDS.], The birds of North America, No. 177. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC.
7. BOURNE, N. 1984. Clam predation by scoter ducks in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1331.
8. BROWN, P. W., AND L. H. FREDRICKSON. 1997. White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca). In A. Poole and F. Gill [EDS.], The birds of North America, No. 274. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
9. BULTHUIS, D. A. 1995. Distribution of seagrasses in a north Puget Sound estuary: Padilla Bay, Washington, USA. Aquatic Botany 50:99-105.
10. CLEAVER, F. C., AND D. M. FRANETT. 1946. The predation by sea birds upon the eggs of the Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) at Holmes Harbor during 1945. State of Washington Department of Fisheries Biological Report 46B.
11. COTTAM, C. 1939. Food habits of North American diving ducks. U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 643.
12. DEGRAER, S., M. VINCX, P. MEIRE, AND H. OFRINGA. 1999. The macrozoobenthos of an important wintering area of the Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79:243-251.
13. DICKSON, D. L., AND H. G. GILCHRIST. 2002. Status of marine birds of the southeastern Beaufort Sea. Arctic 55 (Suppl. 1): 46-58.
14. GANNES, L. Z., D. M. O'BRIEN, AND C. M. MARTINEZ DEL RIO. 1997. Stable isotopes in animal ecology: Assumptions, caveats, and a call for more laboratory experiments. Ecology 78:1271-1276.
15. GOSS-CUSTARD, J. D., R. A. STILLMAN, A. D. WEST, R. W. G. CALDOW, P. TRIPLET, S. E. A. LE V. DIT DURELL, AND S. McGRORTY. 2004. When enough is not enough: Shorebirds and shellfishing. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 271:233-237.
16. GOUDIE, R. I., AND C. D. ANKNEY. 1986. Body size, activity budgets, and diets of sea ducks wintering in Newfoundland. Ecology 67:1475-1482.
17. GROSZ, T., AND C. F. YOCUM. 1972. Food habits of the White-winged Scoter in northwestern California. Journal of Wild-life Management 36:1279-1282.
18. GUILLEMETTE, M., F. BOLDUC, AND J.-L. DESGRANGES. 1994. Stomach contents of diving and dabbling ducks during fall migration in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada. Wildfowl 45:167-175.
19. HAMILTON, D. J. 2000. Direct and indirect effects of predation by Common Eiders and abiotic disturbance in an intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 70:21-43.
20. HEMMINGA, M. A., AND C. M. DUARTE. 2000. Seagrass Ecology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
21. HENNV, C. J., L. J. BLUS, R. A. GROYE, AND S. P. THOMPSON. 1991. Accumulation of trace elements and organochlorines by Surf Scoters wintering in the Pacific Northwest. Northwestern Naturalist 72:43-60.
22. HIRSCH, K. V. 1980. Winter ecology of sea ducks in the inland marine waters of Washington. M.Sc. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
23. HODGES, J. I., J. G. KING, B. CONANT, AND H. A. HANSON. 1996. Aerial surveys of waterbirds in Alaska 1957-94: Population trends and observer variability. National Biological Survey Information and Technology Report 4.
24. KELLY, J. F. 2000. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:1-27.
25. KIRK, M., D. ESLER, AND W. S. BOYD. 2007. Morphology and density of mussels on natural and aquaculture structure habitats: Implications for sea duck predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 346:179-187.
26. KOZLOFF, E. N. 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
27. LACROIX, D. L. 2001. Foraging impacts and patterns of wintering Surf Scoters feeding on bay mussels in coastal Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. M.Sc. thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
28. LACROIX, D. L., S. BOYD, D. ESLER, M. KIRK, T. LEWIS, AND S. LIPOVSKY. 2005. Surf Scoters Melanitta perspicillata aggregate in association with ephemerally abundant polychaetes. Marine Ornithology 33:61-63.
29. LEWIS, T. L., D. ESLER, AND W. S. BOYD. 2007a. Effects of predation by sea ducks on clam abundance in soft-bottom intertidal habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 329:131-144.
30. LEWIS, T. L., D. ESLER, AND W. S. BOYD. 2007b. Foraging behaviors of Surf Scoters and White-winged Scoters during spawning of Pacific Herring. Condor 109:216-222.
31. LEWIS, T. L., D. ESLER, W. S. BOYD, AND R. ŽYDELIS. 2005. Nocturnal foraging behavior of wintering Surf Scoters and White-winged Scoters. Condor 107:637-647.
32. LOVVORN, J. R., AND J. R. BALDWIN. 1996. Intertidal and farmland habitats of ducks in the Puget Sound region: A landscape perspective. Biological Conservation 77:97-114.
33. MAHAFFY, M., D. NYSEWANDER, AND J. KRAUSMANN. 1997. Contaminant monitoring of Surf Scoters in the Tacoma, Washington area, 1995 to 1996. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Washington Office, Report 97-1.
34. MATHER, D. D., AND D. ESLER. 1999. Evaluation of bursal depth as an indicator of age class of Harlequin Ducks. Journal of Field Ornithology 70;200-205.
35. MCGILVREY, F. B. 1967. Food habits of seaducks from the northeastern United States. Wildfowl Trust 18:142-145.
36. NAKAOKA, M., T. TOYOHARA, AND M. MATSUMASA. 2001. Seasonal and between-substrate variation in mobile epifaunal community in a multispecific seagrass bed of Otsuchi Bay, Japan. Marine Ecology 22:379-395.
37. NYSEWANDER, D. R., J. R. EVENSON, B. L. MURPHIE, AND T. A. CYRA. 2005. Report of Marine Bird and Marine Mammal Component, Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program, for July 1992 to December 1999 period. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA.
38. ORO, D., AND R. W. FURNESS. 2002. Influences of food availability and predation on survival of kittiwakes. Ecology 83:2516-2528.
39. REED, A., R. BENOIT, R. LALUMIÈRE, AND M. JULIEN. 1996. Duck use of the coastal habitats of northeastern James Bay. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper Number 90.
40. RICCIARDI, A., AND E. BOURGET. 1998. Weight-to-weight conversion factors for marine benthic macroinvertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 163:245-251.
41. SANGER, G. A., AND R. D. JONES JR. 1982. The winter feeding ecology and trophic relationships of marine birds in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf: Final reports of principal investigators 16:161-294.
42. SAS INSTITUTE. 2007. JMP User Guide. Release 7. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
43. SAVARD, J.-P. L., D. BORDAGE, AND A. REED. 1998. Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata). In A. Poole and F. Gill [EDS.], The birds of North America, No. 363. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
44. SEA DUCK JOINT VENTURE MANAGEMENT BOARD. 2001. Sea Duck Joint Venture Strategic Plan: 2001-2006. SDJV Continental Technical Team. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service unpublished report.
45. SHEPHERD, P. C. F., AND D. B. LANK. 2004. Marine and agricultural habitat preferences of Dunlin wintering in British Columbia. Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 61-73.
46. SHESKIN, D. J. 2007. Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures. 4th ed. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
47. SHORT, F. T., AND S. WYLLIE-ECHEVERRIA. 1996. Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses. Environmental Conservation 23:17-27.
48. STILLMAN, R. A., A. D. WEST, J. D. GOSS-CUSTARD, S. McGRORTY, N. J. FROST, D. J. MORRISEY, A. J. KENNY, AND A. L. DREWITT. 2005. Predicting site quality for shorebird communities: A case study on the Humber Estuary, UK. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305:203-217.
49. STOTT, R. S., AND D. P. OLSON. 1973. Food-habitat relationship of sea ducks on the New Hampshire coastline. Ecology 54:996-1007.
50. STRAND, K. S., S. R. CHIPPS, S. N. KAHARA, K. F. HIGGINS, AND S. VAA. 2008. Patterns of prey use by lesser scaup Aythya affinis (Aves) and diet overlap with fishes during spring migration. Hydrobiologia 598:389-398.
51. SULLIVAN, T. M., R. W. BUTLER, AND W. S. BOYD. 2002. Seasonal distribution of waterbirds in relation to spawning Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasi, in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 116:366-370.
52. SWANSON, G. A., AND J. C. BARTONEK. 1970. Bias associated with food analysis in gizzards of Blue-winged Teal. Journal of Wildlife Management 34:739-746.
53. SWANSON, G. A., G. L. KRAPU, J. C. BARTONEK, J. R. SERIE, AND D. H. JOHNSON. 1974. Advantages in mathematically weighting waterfowl food habits data. Journal of Wildlife Management 38:302-307.
54. VERMEER, K. 1981. Food and populations of Surf Scoters in British Columbia. Wildfowl 32:107-116.
55. VERMEER, K., AND N. BOURNE. 1984. The White-winged Scoter diet in British Columbia waters: Resource partitioning with other scoters, p. 30-38. In D. N. Nettleship, G. A. Sanger, and P. F. Springer [EDS.], Marine birds: Their feeding ecology and commercial fisheries relationships. Canadian Wildlife Service Special Publication, Ottawa, Canada.
56. VERMEER, K., AND C. D. LEVINGS. 1977. Populations, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28:49-60.
57. YOCUM, C. F., AND M. KELLER. 1961. Correlation of food habits and abundance of waterfowl, Hurnboldt Bay, California. California Fish and Game 47:41-54.