What is the correct depth of chest compression for infants and children? A radiological study

Pediatrics

Volumn 124, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 49-55

  Kao, Pei Chieh ^a   Chiang, Wen Chu ^a   Yang, Chih Wei ^a   Chen, Shyh Jye ^a   Liu, Yueh Ping ^a   Lee, Chien Chang ^a   Hsidh, Ming Ju ^a   Ko, Patrick Chow In ^a   Chen, Shyr Chyr ^a   Ma, Matthew Huei Ming ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Chest compression; Computed tomography; Pediatrics

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ANTERIOR POSTERIOR AXIS; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; STERNUM; THORAX;

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HEART; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; STERNUM;

EID: 67649593026     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2536     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Kouwenhoven WB, Jude JR, Knickerbocker GG. Closed-chest cardiac massage. JAMA. 1960;173:1064-1067
2. Rudikoff MT, Maughan WL, Effron M, Freund P, Weisfeldt ML. Mechanisms of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation. 1980;61(2):345-352 (Pubitemid 10214993)
3. Maier GW, Tyson GS Jr, Olsen CO, et al. The physiology of external cardiac massage: high-impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation. 1984;70(1):86-101 (Pubitemid 14084070)
4. Paradis NA, Martin GB, Goetting MG, et al. Simultaneous aortic, jugular bulb, and right atrial pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: insights into mechanisms. Circulation. 1989;80(2):361-368 (Pubitemid 19195746)
5. Ma MH, Hwang JJ, Lai LP, et al. Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve position and pulmonary venous flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Circulation. 1995;92(4):854-861
6. Hwang SO, Lee KH, Cho JH, Yoon J, Choe KH. Changes of aortic dimensions as evidence of cardiac pump mechanism during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Resuscitation. 2001;50(1):87-93 (Pubitemid 32727303)
7. Liu P, Gao Y, Fu X, et al. Pump models assessed by transesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2002;115(3):359-363 (Pubitemid 34272432)
8. Higano ST, Oh JK, Ewy GA, Seward JB. The mechanism of blood flow during closed chest cardiac massage in humans: transesophageal echocardiographic observations. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990;65(11):1432-1440
9. Kühn C, Juchems R, Frese W. Evidence for the "cardiac pump theory" in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in man by transesophageal echocardiography. Resuscitation. 1991;22(3):275-282
10. Pell AC, Guly UM, Sutherland GR, et al. Mechanism of closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation investigated by transoesophageal echocardiography. J Accid Emerg Med. 1994;11(3):139-143 (Pubitemid 24298224)
11. Redberg RF, Tucker KJ, Cohen TJ, Dutton JP, Callaham ML, Schiller NB. Physiology of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Circulation. 1993;88(2):534-542 (Pubitemid 23228052)
12. Werner JA, Greene HL, Janko CL, Cobb LA. Visualization of cardiac valve motion in man during external chest compression using two-dimensional echocardiography: implications regarding the mechanism of blood flow. Circulation. 1981;63(6):1417-1421 (Pubitemid 11120682)
13. Haas T, Voelckel WG, Wenzel V, Antretter H, Dessl A, Lindner KH. Revisiting the cardiac versus thoracic pump mechanism during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2003;58(1):113-116 (Pubitemid 36831075)
14. Rottenberg EM. The need for a leftward shift in the flow-depth relationship during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2007;72(3):350-352 (Pubitemid 46329274)
15. Pickard A, Darby M, Soar J. Radiological assessment of the adult chest: implications for chest compressions. Resuscitation. 2006;71(3):387-390 (Pubitemid 44792843)
16. ECC Committee, Subcommittees and Task Forces of the American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2005;112(24 suppl):IV1-IV203
17. 2005 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 2: Adult basic life support. Circulation. 2005;112(8):III-5-III-16
18. Biarent D, Bingham R, Richmond S, et al; European Resuscitation Council. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 6. Paediatric life support. Resuscitation. 2005;67(suppl 1):S97-S133 (Pubitemid 41729025)
19. Handley AJ, Koster R, Monsieurs K, Perkins GD, Davies S, Bossaert L; European Resuscitation Council. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators [published correction appears in Resuscitation. 2006;69(2):351]. Resuscitation. 2005;67(suppl 1):S7-S23
20. American Heart Association; American Academy of Pediatrics. 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: neonatal resuscitation guidelines. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/117/5/e1029
21. American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic life support. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/117/ 5/e989
22. Orlowski JP. Optimum position for external cardiac compression in infants and young children. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15(6):667-673 (Pubitemid 16037226)
23. Phillips GW, Zideman DA. Relation of infant heart to sternum: its significance in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Lancet. 1986;1(8488):1024-1025 (Pubitemid 16102977)
24. Shah NM, Gaur HK. Position of heart in relation to sternum and nipple line at various ages. Indian Pediatr. 1992;29(1):49-53
25. Nadkarni V, Hazinski MF, Zideman D, et al. Pediatric resuscitation: an advisory statement from the Pediatric Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 1997;95(8):2185-2195 (Pubitemid 27184292)
26. Department of Health, Taiwan. Growth charts for Taiwan. Available at: www.doh.gov.tw. Accessed April 22, 2008
27. Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Part V. Pediatric basic life support. JAMA. 1992;268(16):2251-2261
28. Shin J, Rhee JE, Kim K. Is the inter-nipple line the correct hand position for effective chest compression in adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Resuscitation. 2007;75(2):305-310 (Pubitemid 47588632)
29. Dean JM, Koehler RC, Schleien CL, et al. Age-related changes in chest geometry during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Appl Physiol. 1987;62(6):2212-2219 (Pubitemid 17093430)
30. Babbs CF, Voorhees WD, Fitzgerald KR, Holmes HR, Geddes LA. Relationship of blood pressure and flow during CPR to chest compression amplitude: evidence for an effective compression threshold. Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12(9):527-532
31. 2, and ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of pigs. Resuscitation. 1996;31(1):45-57
32. Dorfsman ML, Menegazzi JJ, Wadas RJ, Auble TE. Two-thumb vs. two-finger chest compression in an infant model of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7(10):1077-1082 (Pubitemid 30764664)
33. Geddes LA, Rundell A, Lottes A, Kemeny A, Otlewski M. A new cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using only rhythmic abdominal compression: a preliminary report. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25(7):786-790 (Pubitemid 47385070)
34. Pargett M, Geddes LA, Otlewski MP, Rundell AE. Rhythmic abdominal compression CPR ventilates without supplemental breaths and provides effective blood circulation. Resuscitation. 2008;79(3):460-467