Catatonia and autism: A historical review, with implications for electroconvulsive therapy

Journal of ECT

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 19-22

  Dhossche, Dirk M ^a   Reti, Irving M ^b   Wachtel, Lee E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Catatonia; ECT; Electroconvulsive therapy

Indexed keywords

AGITATION; AUTISM; AUTOMUTILATION; BODY POSTURE; CATATONIA; COMPULSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ECHOLALIA; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; GESTURE; HISTORICAL RESEARCH; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; INCIDENCE; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; LEGAL ASPECT; MEDICAL ETHICS; MUTISM; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; RIGIDITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SPEECH DISORDER; STEREOTYPY; STUPOR; TIC; TREATMENT INDICATION; ARTICLE; HISTORY;

AUTISTIC DISORDER; CATATONIA; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS;

EID: 67649227249     PISSN: 10950680     EISSN: 15334112     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181957363     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Turner T. Schizophrenia and mental handicap: a historical review, with implications for further research. Psychol Med. 1989;19: 301-314. (Pubitemid 19176129)
2. Fink M, Taylor M. Catatonia. A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment. Cambridge: University Press; 2003.
3. Kahlbaum K. Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein. Berlin: Verlag August Hirshwald; 1874.
4. Kraepelin E. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. New York: Robert E Krieger; 1919.
5. Morrison J. Catatonia: retarded and excited types. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973;28:39-41.
6. Abrams R, Taylor M. Catatonia: a prospective clinical study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:579-581.
7. Gelenberg A. The catatonic syndrome. Lancet. 1976;1:1339-1341.
8. Chalasani P, Healy D, Morriss R. Presentation and frequency of catatonia in new admissions to two acute psychiatric admission units in India and Wales. Psychol Med. 2005;35:1667-1675. (Pubitemid 41520076)
9. Cottencin O, Warembourg F, de Chouly de Lenclave B, et al. Catatonia and consultation-liaison psychiatry study of 12 cases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007;31: 1170-1176. (Pubitemid 47086360)
10. Fricchione G, Cassem N, Hooberman D, et al. Intravenous lorazepam in neuroleptic-induced catatonia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1983;3: 338-342.
11. Rohland B, Carroll B, Jacoby R. ECT in the treatment of the catatonic syndrome. J Affect Disord. 1993;29:255-261.
12. Caroff S, Mann S, Francis A, et al. Catatonia. From Psychopathology to Neurobiology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2004.
13. Carr V, Dorrington C, Schrader G, et al. The use of ECT for mania in childhood bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1983;143:411-415.
14. Black D, Wilcox J, Stewart M. The use of ECT in children: case-report. J Clin Psychiatry. 1985;46:98-99.
15. Cizadlo B, Wheaton A. Case study: ECT treatment of a young girl with catatonia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34: 332-335.
16. Dhossche D, Bouman N. Catatonia in children and adolescents (letter). J Am Acad Chid Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:870-871.
17. Slooter A, Braun K, Balk F, et al. Electroconvulsive therapy of malignant catatonia in childhood. Pediatr Neurol. 2005;32:190-192. (Pubitemid 40269701)
18. Lee A, Glick D, Dinwiddie S. Electroconvulsive therapy in a pediatric patient with malignant catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. J ECT. 2006;22:267-270. (Pubitemid 44901119)
19. Esmaili T, Malek A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a six-year-old girl suffering from major depressive disorder with catatonic features. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;16:58-60. (Pubitemid 46648356)
20. Dhossche D,Wing L, Ohta M, Neumärker K-J, eds. Catatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Pres; 2006.
21. Kakooza A, Stoppelbein L, Dhossche D. Psychosis in autism. In: Fujii D, Ahmed I, eds. The Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders: Neurobiology, Etiology & Pathogenesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006:233-246.
22. Realmuto G, August G. Catatonia in autistic disorder: a sign of comorbidity or variable expression. J Autism Dev Disord. 1991;21:517-528.
23. Dhossche D. Catatonia in autistic disorders (brief report). J Autism Dev Disord. 1998;28:329-331. (Pubitemid 28368960)
24. Zaw F, Bates G, Murali V, et al. Catatonia, autism, and ECT. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41:843-845.
25. Brasic J, Zagzag D, Kowalik S, et al. Progressive catatonia. Psychol Rep. 1999;84:239-246.
26. Hare D, Malone C. Catatonia and autism spectrum disorders. Autism. 2004;8:183-195.
27. Ghaziuddin M, Quinlan P, Ghaziuddin N. Catatonia in autism: a distinct subtype? J Intellect Disabil Res. 2005;49:102-105.
28. Ohta M, Kano Y, Nagai Y. Catatonia in individuals with autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and early adulthood: a long-term prospective study. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72:41-54.
29. Cohen D. Towards a valid nosography and psychopathology of catatonia in children and adolescents. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72:131-147.
30. Schieveld J. Case reports with a child psychiatric exploration of catatonia, autism, and delirium. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72: 195-206.
31. Fink M, Taylor M, Ghaziuddin N. Catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders: a medical treatment algorithm. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72:233-244.
32. Shah A, Wing L. Psychological approaches to chronic catatonia-like deterioration in autism spectrum disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72:245-264.
33. de Winter C, van Dijk F, Verhoeven W, et al. Autism and catatonia: successful treatment using lorazepam. A case study. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2007;49:257-261.
34. Bailine S, Petraviciute S. Catatonia in autistic twins: role of electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2007;23:21-22. (Pubitemid 46673527)
35. Wachtel L, Kahng S, Dhossche D, et al. Electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in an autistic girl. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:329-333.
36. Wing L, Shah A. Catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;176:357-362.
37. Billstedt E, Gilberg C, Gilberg C. Autism after adolescence: population-based 13- to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood. J Autism Dev Disord. 2005;35:351-360. (Pubitemid 41125973)
38. Kanner L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nerv Child. 1943;2:217-250.
39. Rutter M. Childhood schizophrenia reconsidered. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1972;2:315-337.
40. Beckmann H, Franzek E, Stöber G. Genetic heterogeneity in catatonic schizophrenia: a family study. Am J Med Gen (Neuropsychiatr Gen). 1996;67:289-300. (Pubitemid 26167090)
41. Neumärker K-J. Leonhard and the classification of psychomotor psychoses in childhood and adolescence. Psychopathology. 1990;23:243-252.
42. Leonhard H. Early childhood catatonia. In: Beckman H, ed. Classification of Endogenous Psychoses and Their Differentiated Etiology. Vienna: Springer-Verlag; 1999:330-386.
43. O'Gorman G. The Nature of Childhood Autism. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths; 1970.
44. Shorter E, Healy D. Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press/ University of Toronto Press; 2007.
45. Heuyer GB, Leroy R. L'electrochoc chez les enfants. Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1943;2:402-407.
46. Bender L. One hundred cases of childhood schizophrenia treated with electric shock. Trans Am Neurol Soc. 1947;72:165-169.
47. Kanner L. Early infantile autism. J Pediatr. 1944;25:211-220.
48. Asperger H. Autistic psychopathy in childhood. In: Frith U, ed. Autism and Asperger's Syndrome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1944/1991.
49. Clardy E, Rumpf E. The effect of electric shock treatment on children having schizophrenic manifestations. Psychiatr Q. 1954;28:616-623.
50. Dhossche D, Stanfill S. Could ECT be effective in autism? Med Hypotheses. 2004;63:371-376.
51. Dhossche D, Shah A, Wing L. Blueprints for the assessment, treatment, and future study of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72:267-284.
52. Kakooza-Mwesige A, Wachtel L, Dhossche D. Catatonia in autism: implications across the life span. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;17:327-335.
53. McCall W, Mann S, Shelp F, et al. Fatal pulmonary embolism in the catatonic syndrome: two case reports and a literature review. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:21-25.
54. Lachner C, Sandson N. A case of catatonia-induced deep venous thrombosis. Psychosomatics. 2003;44:512-1414
55. Hermesh H, Hoffnung R, Aizenberg D, et al. Catatonic signs in severe obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989;50:303-305. (Pubitemid 19212700)
56. Fontenelle L, Lauterbach E, Telles L, et al. Catatonia in obsessive-compulsive disorder: etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and clinical management. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2007;20:21-24. (Pubitemid 46673707)
57. Ivarsson T, Melin K. Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). J Anxiety Disord. 2008; 22:969-978. (Pubitemid 351927271)
58. Stoppelbein L, Greening L, Kakooza A. The importance of catatonia and stereotypies in autistic spectrum disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006;72:103-118.
59. Trivedi H, Mendelowitz A, Fink M. Gilles de la Tourette form of catatonia: response to ECT. J ECT. 2003;19:115-117. (Pubitemid 36682534)
60. Karadenizli D, Dilbar N, Bayam G. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome response to electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2005;21:246-248. (Pubitemid 41772229)
61. Cavana A, Robertson M, Critchley H. Catatonic signs in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Cog Behav Neurol. 2008;21:34-37. (Pubitemid 351355040)
62. Thuppal M, Fink M. Electroconvulsive therapy and mental retardation. J ECT. 1999;15:140-149.
63. Aziz M, Maixner D, DeQardo J, et al. ECT and mental retardation: a review and case report. J ECT. 2001;17:149-152. (Pubitemid 32545788)
64. van Waarde J, Stolker J, van der Mast E. ECT in mental retardation: a review. J ECT. 2001;17:236-243.
65. Friedlander R, Solomons K. ECT: use in individuals with mental retardation. J ECT. 2002;18:38-42. (Pubitemid 34273588)
66. Reinblatt S, Rifkin A, Freeman J. The efficacy of ECT in adults with mental retardation experiencing psychiatric disorders. J ECT. 2004;20:208-212. (Pubitemid 39628465)
67. Rey J, Walter G. Half a century of ECT use in young people. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:595-602. (Pubitemid 27197590)
68. Fink M, Kellner C. Belling the cat: ECT practice standards in the United States. J ECT. 2007;23:3-5. (Pubitemid 46673521)
69. Hermann R, Dorwart R, Hoover C, et al. Variation in ECT use in the United States. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:869-875.
70. Bertolín-Guillén J, Peiró-Moreno S, Hernández-de-Pablo M. Patterns of electroconvulsive therapy use in Spain. Eur Psychiatry. 2006;21:463-470. (Pubitemid 44573795)
71. Harris V. Electroconvulsive therapy: administrative codes, legislation, and professional recommendations. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2006;34:406-411. (Pubitemid 46044577)
72. Winslade W, Liston E, Ross J, et al. Medical, judicial, and statutory regulations of ECT in the United States. Am J Psychiatry. 1984;141:1349-1355. (Pubitemid 14023929)
73. Beauchamp T, Childress J. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
74. Rudnick A. Ethics of ECT for children (letter). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40:387-388.
75. Ottosson J-O, Fink M. Ethics of Electroconvulsive Therapy. New York, Hove: Brunner-Routledge; 2004.