The evaluation and management of obscure and occult gastrointestinal bleeding

Abdominal Imaging

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 311-319

  Singh, Vijay ^a   Alexander, Jeffrey A ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Gastrointestinal bleeding; Management; Obscure; Occult; Review

Indexed keywords

AMINOCAPROIC ACID; ASCORBIC ACID; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8 CONCENTRATE; DANAZOL; DESMOPRESSIN; ERYTHROPOIETIN; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; IRON; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OCTREOTIDE; THALIDOMIDE;

ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHY; ABDOMINAL SCINTISCANNING; AORTOINTESTINAL FISTULA; CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLIP; COLONOSCOPY; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ENTEROGRAPHY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIEULAFOY DISEASE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM EROSION; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ULCER; DOUBLE BALLOON ENTEROSCOPY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEMOBILIA; HEMOSUCCUS PANCREATICUS; HUMAN; INTESTINE TUMOR; IRON THERAPY; LOW DRUG DOSE; MECKEL DIVERTICULUM; OBSCURE GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING; OCCULT GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING; PANCREAS DISEASE; PATIENT CARE; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUSH ENTEROSCOPY; RENDU OSLER WEBER DISEASE; REVIEW; STOMACH ANTRUM VASCULAR ECTASIA; STOMACH EROSION; STOMACH VARICES; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE;

GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMANS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 67449161741     PISSN: 09428925     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-008-9423-5     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. GS Raju L Gerson A Das 2007 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Gastroenterology 133 1697 1717 (Pubitemid 350029731)
2. C Ell A May 2006 Mid-gastrointestinal bleeding: capsule endoscopy and push-and-pull enteroscopy give rise to a new medical term Endoscopy 38 73 75 (Pubitemid 43092706)
3. S Lin DC Rockey 2005 Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Gastroenterol Clin North Am 34 679 698 (Pubitemid 41643126)
4. J Chong M Tagle JS Barkin 1994 Small bowel push-type fiberoptic enteroscopy for patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding or suspected small bowel pathology Am J Gastroenterol 89 2143 2146 (Pubitemid 24363658)
5. GR Davies MJ Benson DJ Gertner 1995 Diagnostic and therapeutic push type enteroscopy in clinical use Gut 37 346 352
6. M Pennazio A Arrigoni M Risio 1995 Clinical evaluation of push-type enteroscopy Endoscopy 27 164 170
7. A Szold LB Katz BS Lewis 1992 Surgical approach to occult gastrointestinal bleeding Am J Surg 163 90 92 discussion 2-3
8. PG Foutch R Sawyer RA Sanowski 1990 Push-enteroscopy for diagnosis of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin Gastrointest Endosc 36 337 341 (Pubitemid 20279500)
9. N Goldfarb A Phillips M Conn 2002 Economic and health outcomes of capsule endoscopy Dis Manag 5 123 135
10. L Maiden B Thjodleifsson A Seigal 2007 Long-term effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 selective agents on the small bowel: a cross-sectional capsule enteroscopy study Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 1040 1045
11. JL Goldstein GM Eisen B Lewis 2005 Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3 133 141 (Pubitemid 40220308)
12. DY Graham AR Opekun FF Willingham 2005 Visible small-intestinal mucosal injury in chronic NSAID users Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3 55 59 (Pubitemid 40092944)
13. WA Voderholzer L Maiden SN Adler 2007 Interobserver variablility of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) in patients with Crohn's disease and NSAID enteropathy Gastroenterology 132 A190
14. GR Zuckerman C Prakash MP Askin 2000 AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Gastroenterology 118 201 221 (Pubitemid 30020389)
15. F Swaniker O Soldes RB Hirschl 1999 The utility of technetium 99m pertechnetate scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with Meckel's diverticulum J Pediatr Surg 34 760 764 discussion 5
16. S Rerksuppaphol JM Hutson MR Oliver 2004 Ranitidine-enhanced 99mtechnetium pertechnetate imaging in children improves the sensitivity of identifying heterotopic gastric mucosa in Meckel's diverticulum Pediatr Surg Int 20 323 325 (Pubitemid 38962893)
17. AA Bailey HS Debinski MN Appleyard 2006 Diagnosis and outcome of small bowel tumors found by capsule endoscopy: a three-center Australian experience Am J Gastroenterol 101 2237 2243 (Pubitemid 44477549)
18. GM Cobrin RH Pittman BS Lewis 2006 Increased diagnostic yield of small bowel tumors with capsule endoscopy Cancer 107 22 27 (Pubitemid 43939027)
19. A Veyradier A Balian M Wolf 2001 Abnormal von Willebrand factor in bleeding angiodysplasias of the digestive tract Gastroenterology 120 346 353 (Pubitemid 32147631)
20. TE Warkentin JC Moore SS Anand 2003 Gastrointestinal bleeding, angiodysplasia, cardiovascular disease, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome Transfus Med Rev 17 272 286 (Pubitemid 37310934)
21. RC Williams Jr 2003 Aortic stenosis, von Willebrand factor, and bleeding N Engl J Med 349 1773 1774 author reply 4
22. MS Bhutani SC Gupta RJ Markert 1995 A prospective controlled evaluation of endoscopic detection of angiodysplasia and its association with aortic valve disease Gastrointest Endosc 42 398 402
23. GE Pate A Mulligan 2004 An epidemiological study of Heyde's syndrome: an association between aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding J Heart Valve Dis 13 713 716
24. F Junquera E Saperas A Angles 2005 Increased plasma fibrinolytic activity in bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17 199 205 (Pubitemid 40349534)
25. JA Leighton J Goldstein W Hirota 2003 Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Gastrointest Endosc 58 650 655
26. FJ Mullan ST McKelvey 1990 Pancreatic carcinoma presenting as bleeding from segmental gastric varices: pitfalls in diagnosis Postgrad Med J 66 401 403 (Pubitemid 20148891)
27. C Dube A Rostom R Sy 2005 The prevalence of celiac disease in average-risk and at-risk Western European populations: a systematic review Gastroenterology 128 S57 S67
28. SL Triester JA Leighton GI Leontiadis 2005 A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Am J Gastroenterol 100 2407 2418 (Pubitemid 43919670)
29. A Chak GS Cooper MI Canto 1998 Enteroscopy for the initial evaluation of iron deficiency Gastrointest Endosc 47 144 148 (Pubitemid 28096157)
30. DA Ng FG Opelka DE Beck 1997 Predictive value of technetium Tc 99m-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy for positive angiogram in massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage Dis Colon Rectum 40 471 477 (Pubitemid 27172628)
31. S Ingle J Alexander 2007 Recurrent obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: time for provocative thinking? Gastroenterol Hepatol 3 571 573 (Pubitemid 47235594)
32. JM Ryan SM Key SA Dumbleton 2001 Nonlocalized lower gastrointestinal bleeding: provocative bleeding studies with intraarterial tPA, heparin, and tolazoline J Vasc Interv Radiol 12 1273 1277 (Pubitemid 33069788)
33. G Koval KG Benner J Rosch 1987 Aggressive angiographic diagnosis in acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage Dig Dis Sci 32 248 253 (Pubitemid 17054264)
34. RS Bloomfeld TP Smith AM Schneider 2000 Provocative angiography in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage of obscure origin Am J Gastroenterol 95 2807 2812 (Pubitemid 30783204)
35. WY Lau ST Fan SH Wong 1987 Preoperative and intraoperative localisation of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin Gut 28 869 877 (Pubitemid 17126705)
36. EG Flickinger AC Stanforth DR Sinar 1989 Intraoperative video panendoscopy for diagnosing sites of chronic intestinal bleeding Am J Surg 157 137 144 (Pubitemid 19041804)
37. ML Kendrick NS Buttar MA Anderson 2001 Contribution of intraoperative enteroscopy in the management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding J Gastrointest Surg 5 162 167 (Pubitemid 33652055)
38. BS Lewis GM Eisen S Friedman 2005 A pooled analysis to evaluate results of capsule endoscopy trials Endoscopy 37 960 965 (Pubitemid 41489265)
39. N Viazis K Papaxoinis I Theodoropoulos 2005 Impact of capsule endoscopy in obscure small-bowel bleeding: defining strict diagnostic criteria for a favorable outcome Gastrointest Endosc 62 717 722 (Pubitemid 41502998)
40. N Viazis S Sgouros K Papaxoinis 2004 Bowel preparation increases the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy: a prospective, randomized, controlled study Gastrointest Endosc 60 534 538 (Pubitemid 39311534)
41. N Dai C Gubler P Hengstler 2005 Improved capsule endoscopy after bowel preparation Gastrointest Endosc 61 28 31 (Pubitemid 40169807)
42. G Payeras J Piqueras VJ Moreno 2005 Effects of capsule endoscopy on cardiac pacemakers Endoscopy 37 1181 1185 (Pubitemid 41763533)
43. JA Leighton VK Sharma K Srivathsan 2004 Safety of capsule endoscopy in patients with pacemakers Gastrointest Endosc 59 567 569 (Pubitemid 38437105)
44. JA Leighton K Srivathsan EJ Carey 2005 Safety of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators Am J Gastroenterol 100 1728 1731 (Pubitemid 41648425)
45. M Pennazio R Santucci E Rondonotti 2004 Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy: report of 100 consecutive cases Gastroenterology 126 643 653 (Pubitemid 38298311)
46. E Estevez B Gonzalez-Conde JL Vazquez-Iglesias 2006 Diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes after capsule endoscopy in 100 consecutive patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 881 888 (Pubitemid 44034803)
47. MS Sachdev JA Leighton DE Fleischer 2007 A prospective study of the utility of abdominal radiographs after capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis of capsule retention Gastrointest Endosc 66 894 900 (Pubitemid 47610774)
48. M Appleyard Z Fireman A Glukhovsky 2000 A randomized trial comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with push enteroscopy for the detection of small-bowel lesions Gastroenterology 119 1431 1438 (Pubitemid 32198667)
49. LH Lai GL Wong DK Chow 2006 Long-term follow-up of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy Am J Gastroenterol 101 1224 1228 (Pubitemid 43829987)
50. M Kovacs A Nemeth P Pak 2006 Evaluation of diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Orv Hetil 147 1827 1833 (Pubitemid 47470526)
51. S Bar-Meir R Eliakim M Nadler 2004 Second capsule endoscopy for patients with severe iron deficiency anemia Gastrointest Endosc 60 711 713 (Pubitemid 39550927)
52. BH Jones DE Fleischer VK Sharma 2005 Yield of repeat wireless video capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Am J Gastroenterol 100 1058 1064 (Pubitemid 40769042)
53. G Bresci G Parisi M Bertoni 2005 The role of video capsule endoscopy for evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: usefulness of early use J Gastroenterol 40 256 259 (Pubitemid 40613382)
54. H Yamamoto Y Sekine Y Sato 2001 Total enteroscopy with a nonsurgical steerable double-balloon method Gastrointest Endosc 53 216 220 (Pubitemid 32147608)
55. A May 2007 Current status of double balloon enteroscopy with focus on the Wiesbaden results Gastrointest Endosc 66 S12 S14
56. S Mehdizadeh A Ross L Gerson 2006 What is the learning curve associated with double-balloon enteroscopy? Technical details and early experience in 6 U.S. tertiary care centers Gastrointest Endosc 64 740 750 (Pubitemid 44604366)
57. N Ohmiya T Yano H Yamamoto 2007 Diagnosis and treatment of obscure GI bleeding at double balloon endoscopy Gastrointest Endosc 66 S72 S77
58. K Honda S Itaba T Mizutani 2006 An increase in the serum amylase level in patients after peroral double-balloon enteroscopy: an association with the development of pancreatitis Endoscopy 38 1040 1043 (Pubitemid 44615244)
59. M Kopacova S Rejchrt I Tacheci 2007 Hyperamylasemia of uncertain significance associated with oral double-balloon enteroscopy Gastrointest Endosc 66 1133 1138 (Pubitemid 350179791)
60. A May L Nachbar J Pohl 2007 Endoscopic interventions in the small bowel using double balloon enteroscopy: feasibility and limitations Am J Gastroenterol 102 527 535 (Pubitemid 46328157)
61. M Nakamura Y Niwa N Ohmiya 2006 Preliminary comparison of capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding Endoscopy 38 59 66 (Pubitemid 43092705)
62. T Matsumoto M Esaki T Moriyama 2005 Comparison of capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy with the double-balloon method in patients with obscure bleeding and polyposis Endoscopy 37 827 832 (Pubitemid 41263955)
63. M Hadithi GD Heine MA Jacobs 2006 A prospective study comparing video capsule endoscopy with double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Am J Gastroenterol 101 52 57 (Pubitemid 43381708)
64. A May L Nachbar C Ell 2005 Double-balloon enteroscopy (push-and-pull enteroscopy) of the small bowel: feasibility and diagnostic and therapeutic yield in patients with suspected small bowel disease Gastrointest Endosc 62 62 70 (Pubitemid 40922442)
65. A Kamal LB Gerson 2006 Cost-benefit analysis of double balloon enteroscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities for obscure gastrointestinal hemorrhage Gastrointest Endosc 63 AB90
66. JE Huprich JG Fletcher JA Alexander 2008 Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: evaluation with 64-section multiphase CT enterography-initial experience Radiology 246 562 571
67. Huprich J, Fletcher J, Alexander J (2008) Triphasic CT enterography; an initial experience. Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists (abstract)
68. W Yoon YY Jeong SS Shin 2006 Acute massive gastrointestinal bleeding: detection and localization with arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT Radiology 239 160 167
69. E Rimon N Kagansky M Kagansky 2005 Are we giving too much iron? Low-dose iron therapy is effective in octogenarians Am J Med 118 1142 1147 (Pubitemid 41363767)
70. SB Silverstein GM Rodgers 2004 Parenteral iron therapy options Am J Hematol 76 74 78 (Pubitemid 38579543)
71. F Junquera E Saperas S Videla 2007 Long-term efficacy of octreotide in the prevention of recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Am J Gastroenterol 102 254 260 (Pubitemid 46160536)
72. EC Grant 2002 Avoid hormones in gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Lancet 360 1254 (Pubitemid 35232734)
73. H Hodgson 2002 Hormonal therapy for gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Lancet 359 1630 1631 (Pubitemid 34518518)
74. RD Madanick JS Barkin 2002 Hormonal therapy in angiodysplasia: should we completely abandon its use? Gastroenterology 123 2156 author reply 7
75. M Perez-Encinas MJ Rabunal Martinez JL Bello Lopez 2002 Is thalidomide effective for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia? Haematologica 87 ELT34
76. M Shurafa G Kamboj 2003 Thalidomide for the treatment of bleeding angiodysplasias Am J Gastroenterol 98 221 222 (Pubitemid 36135203)
77. V Zaharia-Czeizler 2001 Erythropoietin stops chronic diffuse transfusion-dependent gastrointestinal bleeding Ann Intern Med 135 933 (Pubitemid 33070697)
78. AU Haq J Glass CV Netchvolodoff 1988 Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and danazol Ann Intern Med 109 171 (Pubitemid 18181454)
79. M Quitt P Froom A Veisler 1990 The effect of desmopressin on massive gastrointestinal bleeding in hereditary telangiectasia unresponsive to treatment with cryoprecipitate Arch Intern Med 150 1744 1746 (Pubitemid 20240990)
80. HI Saba GA Morelli LA Logrono 1994 Brief report: treatment of bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with aminocaproic acid N Engl J Med 330 1789 1790 (Pubitemid 24177614)
81. ES Morris KK Hampton IM Nesbitt 2001 The management of von Willebrand's disease-associated gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 12 143 148 (Pubitemid 32234823)