메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 757-777

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Myoclonus

Author keywords

Electrophysiology; Motor Cortex; Myoclonus; Pathophysiology; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BACLOFEN; BOTULINUM TOXIN; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CARDIAC AGENT; CLONAZEPAM; ETHOSUXIMIDE; ETIRACETAM; LAMOTRIGINE; LEVODOPA; LITHIUM SALT; METHYL BROMIDE; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; OXYBATE SODIUM; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PIRACETAM; PRIMIDONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SUMATRIPTAN; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; ZONISAMIDE;

EID: 67449106356     PISSN: 07338619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2009.04.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0001875520 scopus 로고
    • The nosology and pathophysiology of myoclonus
    • Marsden C.D., and Fahn S. (Eds), Butterworths, London
    • Marsden C.D., Hallett M., and Fahn S. The nosology and pathophysiology of myoclonus. In: Marsden C.D., and Fahn S. (Eds). Movement disorders (1982), Butterworths, London 196-248
    • (1982) Movement disorders , pp. 196-248
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Hallett, M.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 2
    • 4544352267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus: current concepts and recent advances
    • Caviness J.N., and Brown P. Myoclonus: current concepts and recent advances. Lancet Neurol 3 (2004) 598-607
    • (2004) Lancet Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 598-607
    • Caviness, J.N.1    Brown, P.2
  • 3
    • 0033030049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and prevalence of myoclonus in Olmsted County, Minnesota
    • Caviness J.N., Alving L.I., Maraganore D.M., et al. The incidence and prevalence of myoclonus in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc 74 (1999) 565-569
    • (1999) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.74 , pp. 565-569
    • Caviness, J.N.1    Alving, L.I.2    Maraganore, D.M.3
  • 4
    • 0033995617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological studies of myoclonus. AAEM minimonograph #30
    • Shibasaki H. Electrophysiological studies of myoclonus. AAEM minimonograph #30. Muscle Nerve 23 (2000) 321-335
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve , vol.23 , pp. 321-335
    • Shibasaki, H.1
  • 5
    • 77957050618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical neurophysiology of myoclonus
    • Ch. 32. Hallett M. (Ed), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Caviness J.N. Clinical neurophysiology of myoclonus. Ch. 32. In: Hallett M. (Ed). Movement disorders. Handbook of clinical neurophysiology vol. 1 (2003), Elsevier, Amsterdam 521-548
    • (2003) Movement disorders. Handbook of clinical neurophysiology , vol.1 , pp. 521-548
    • Caviness, J.N.1
  • 6
    • 0025043869 scopus 로고
    • Cortical tremor: a variant of cortical reflex myoclonus
    • Ikeda A., Kakigi R., Funai N., et al. Cortical tremor: a variant of cortical reflex myoclonus. Neurology 40 (1990) 1561-1565
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1561-1565
    • Ikeda, A.1    Kakigi, R.2    Funai, N.3
  • 7
    • 0030717623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical myoclonus in Huntington's disease associated with an enlarged somatosensory evoked potential
    • Caviness J.N., and Kurth M. Cortical myoclonus in Huntington's disease associated with an enlarged somatosensory evoked potential. Mov Disord 12 6 (1997) 1046-1051
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 1046-1051
    • Caviness, J.N.1    Kurth, M.2
  • 8
    • 0030222074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetoencephalographic analysis of cortical myoclonic jerks
    • Uesaka Y., Terao Y., Ugawa Y., et al. Magnetoencephalographic analysis of cortical myoclonic jerks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 99 (1996) 141-148
    • (1996) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.99 , pp. 141-148
    • Uesaka, Y.1    Terao, Y.2    Ugawa, Y.3
  • 9
    • 0031977422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of cortical myoclonus studied by magnetoencephalography
    • Mima T., Nagamine T., Ikeda A., et al. Pathogenesis of cortical myoclonus studied by magnetoencephalography. Ann Neurol 43 (1998) 598-607
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 598-607
    • Mima, T.1    Nagamine, T.2    Ikeda, A.3
  • 10
    • 0031921360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical myoclonus. Sensorimotor hyperexcitability
    • Mima T., Nagamine T., Mikuni N., et al. Cortical myoclonus. Sensorimotor hyperexcitability. Neurology 50 (1998) 933-942
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 933-942
    • Mima, T.1    Nagamine, T.2    Mikuni, N.3
  • 11
    • 0033022677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent cortical and muscle discharge in cortical myoclonus
    • Brown P., Farmer S.F., Halliday D.M., et al. Coherent cortical and muscle discharge in cortical myoclonus. Brain 122 (1999) 461-472
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 461-472
    • Brown, P.1    Farmer, S.F.2    Halliday, D.M.3
  • 12
    • 0242382812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal corticomuscular coherence is associated with the small amplitude cortical myoclonus in Parkinson's disease
    • Caviness J.N., Adler C.H., Sabbagh M.N., et al. Abnormal corticomuscular coherence is associated with the small amplitude cortical myoclonus in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 18 (2003) 1157-1161
    • (2003) Mov Disord , vol.18 , pp. 1157-1161
    • Caviness, J.N.1    Adler, C.H.2    Sabbagh, M.N.3
  • 13
    • 0018588828 scopus 로고
    • Posthypoxic action myoclonus: review of the literature and report of two new cases with response to valproate and estrogen
    • Fahn S. Posthypoxic action myoclonus: review of the literature and report of two new cases with response to valproate and estrogen. Adv Neurol 26 (1979) 49-84
    • (1979) Adv Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 49-84
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 14
    • 0022567904 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem studies on posthypoxic and post-methyl bromide intoxication: case reports
    • Hauw J.J., Escourolle R., Baulac M., et al. Postmortem studies on posthypoxic and post-methyl bromide intoxication: case reports. Adv Neurol 26 (1979) 201-214
    • (1979) Adv Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 201-214
    • Hauw, J.J.1    Escourolle, R.2    Baulac, M.3
  • 15
    • 0022567494 scopus 로고
    • Pathological findings in a case of hypoxic myoclonus treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan and a decarboxylase inhibitor
    • De Lean J., Richardson J.C., and Rewcastle N.B. Pathological findings in a case of hypoxic myoclonus treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan and a decarboxylase inhibitor. Adv Neurol 26 (1979) 215-223
    • (1979) Adv Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 215-223
    • De Lean, J.1    Richardson, J.C.2    Rewcastle, N.B.3
  • 17
    • 0028896579 scopus 로고
    • Basic mechanisms of generalized absence seizures
    • Snead O.C. Basic mechanisms of generalized absence seizures. Ann Neurol 37 (1995) 146-157
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 146-157
    • Snead, O.C.1
  • 18
    • 0028357858 scopus 로고
    • In vivo demonstration of altered benzodiazepine receptor density in patients with generalized epilepsy
    • Savic I., Pauli S., Jan-Olof T., et al. In vivo demonstration of altered benzodiazepine receptor density in patients with generalized epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 57 (1994) 797-804
    • (1994) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.57 , pp. 797-804
    • Savic, I.1    Pauli, S.2    Jan-Olof, T.3
  • 19
    • 58149377445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve fiber impairment of anterior thalamocortical circuitry in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
    • Deppe M., Kellinghaus C., Duning T., et al. Nerve fiber impairment of anterior thalamocortical circuitry in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Neurology 71 (2008) 1981-1985
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 1981-1985
    • Deppe, M.1    Kellinghaus, C.2    Duning, T.3
  • 20
    • 52049117444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms involved in the reduction of GABAA receptor 1-subunit expression caused by the epilepsy mutation A322D in the trafficking-competent receptor
    • Bradley C.A., Taghibiglou C., Collingridge G.L., et al. Mechanisms involved in the reduction of GABAA receptor 1-subunit expression caused by the epilepsy mutation A322D in the trafficking-competent receptor. J Biol Chem 23 32 (2008) 22043-22050
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.23 , Issue.32 , pp. 22043-22050
    • Bradley, C.A.1    Taghibiglou, C.2    Collingridge, G.L.3
  • 21
    • 50949092744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the C-terminal half of human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy protein EFHC1: dimer formation blocks Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to its functional EF-hand
    • Murai M.J., Sassonia R.C., Zamboni A.H., et al. Characterization of the C-terminal half of human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy protein EFHC1: dimer formation blocks Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to its functional EF-hand. Arch Biochem Biophys 477 (2008) 131-138
    • (2008) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.477 , pp. 131-138
    • Murai, M.J.1    Sassonia, R.C.2    Zamboni, A.H.3
  • 22
    • 33750201475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy-epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management
    • Welty T.E. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy-epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Paediatr Drugs 8 5 (2006) 303-310
    • (2006) Paediatr Drugs , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 303-310
    • Welty, T.E.1
  • 23
    • 41349090135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus-dystonia: clinical and electrophysiologic pattern related to SGCE mutations
    • Roze E., Apartis E., Clot F., et al. Myoclonus-dystonia: clinical and electrophysiologic pattern related to SGCE mutations. Neurology 70 (2008) 1010-1016
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1010-1016
    • Roze, E.1    Apartis, E.2    Clot, F.3
  • 24
    • 11244345193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ε-Sarcoglycan immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in mouse brain
    • Chan P., Gonzalez-Maeso J., Dé Rique Ruf F., et al. ε-Sarcoglycan immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 482 (2005) 50-73
    • (2005) J Comp Neurol , vol.482 , pp. 50-73
    • Chan, P.1    Gonzalez-Maeso, J.2    Dé Rique Ruf, F.3
  • 25
    • 33748935502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus, motor deficits, alterations in emotional responses and monoamine metabolism in ε-sarcoglycan deficient mice
    • Yokoi F., Dang M.T., Li J., et al. Myoclonus, motor deficits, alterations in emotional responses and monoamine metabolism in ε-sarcoglycan deficient mice. J Biochem 140 (2006) 141-146
    • (2006) J Biochem , vol.140 , pp. 141-146
    • Yokoi, F.1    Dang, M.T.2    Li, J.3
  • 26
    • 0017413125 scopus 로고
    • Reticular reflex myoclonus: a physiological type of human post-hypoxic myoclonus
    • Hallett M., Chadwick D., Adam J., et al. Reticular reflex myoclonus: a physiological type of human post-hypoxic myoclonus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 40 (1977) 253-264
    • (1977) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.40 , pp. 253-264
    • Hallett, M.1    Chadwick, D.2    Adam, J.3
  • 28
    • 0025981205 scopus 로고
    • Axial myoclonus of propriospinal origin
    • Brown P., Thompson P.D., Rothwell J.C., et al. Axial myoclonus of propriospinal origin. Brain 114 (1991) 197-214
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 197-214
    • Brown, P.1    Thompson, P.D.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 29
    • 0031058369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal subcortical reflex myoclonus
    • Cantello R., Gianelli M., Civardi C., et al. Focal subcortical reflex myoclonus. Arch Neurol 54 (1997) 187-196
    • (1997) Arch Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 187-196
    • Cantello, R.1    Gianelli, M.2    Civardi, C.3
  • 30
    • 0020677985 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in 20 patients with palatal myoclonus
    • Westmoreland B.F., Sharbrough F.W., Stockard J.J., et al. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in 20 patients with palatal myoclonus. Arch Neurol 40 (1983) 155-158
    • (1983) Arch Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 155-158
    • Westmoreland, B.F.1    Sharbrough, F.W.2    Stockard, J.J.3
  • 32
    • 0028333845 scopus 로고
    • Spinal myoclonus resembling belly dance
    • Kono I., Ueda Y., Araki K., et al. Spinal myoclonus resembling belly dance. Mov Disord 9 3 (1994) 325-329
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-329
    • Kono, I.1    Ueda, Y.2    Araki, K.3
  • 34
    • 0030481592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in spinal cord excitability in a patient with rhythmic segmental myoclonus
    • Di Lazzaro V., Restuccia D., Nardone R., et al. Changes in spinal cord excitability in a patient with rhythmic segmental myoclonus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 61 (1996) 641-644
    • (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.61 , pp. 641-644
    • Di Lazzaro, V.1    Restuccia, D.2    Nardone, R.3
  • 35
    • 0025687779 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and essential rhythmic palatal myoclonus
    • Deuschl G., Mischke G., Schenck E., et al. Symptomatic and essential rhythmic palatal myoclonus. Brain 113 (1990) 1645-1672
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 1645-1672
    • Deuschl, G.1    Mischke, G.2    Schenck, E.3
  • 36
    • 0027964407 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor 1. Clinical, physiological and MRI analysis
    • Deuschl G., Toro C., Balls-Sole J., et al. Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor 1. Clinical, physiological and MRI analysis. Brain 117 (1994) 775-788
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 775-788
    • Deuschl, G.1    Toro, C.2    Balls-Sole, J.3
  • 37
    • 34347355436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrodiagnostic studies of the facial nerve in peripheral facial palsy and hemifacial spasm
    • Valls-Sole J. Electrodiagnostic studies of the facial nerve in peripheral facial palsy and hemifacial spasm. Muscle Nerve 36 (2007) 14-20
    • (2007) Muscle Nerve , vol.36 , pp. 14-20
    • Valls-Sole, J.1
  • 38
    • 0022531585 scopus 로고
    • Segmental myoclonus. Clinical and pharmacologic study
    • Jankovic J., and Pardo R. Segmental myoclonus. Clinical and pharmacologic study. Arch Neurol 43 (1986) 1025-1031
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 1025-1031
    • Jankovic, J.1    Pardo, R.2
  • 39
    • 0027395737 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of piracetam in cortical myoclonus
    • Brown P., Steiger M.J., Thompson P.D., et al. Effectiveness of piracetam in cortical myoclonus. Mov Disord 8 (1993) 63-68
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , pp. 63-68
    • Brown, P.1    Steiger, M.J.2    Thompson, P.D.3
  • 40
    • 0029797919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial of piracetam in patients with myoclonus: nationwide multiinstitution study in Japan
    • Ikeda A., Shibasaki H., Tashiro K., et al. Clinical trial of piracetam in patients with myoclonus: nationwide multiinstitution study in Japan. Mov Disord 11 (1996) 691-700
    • (1996) Mov Disord , vol.11 , pp. 691-700
    • Ikeda, A.1    Shibasaki, H.2    Tashiro, K.3
  • 41
    • 0031920926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piracetam relieves symptoms in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a multicentre, randomized, double blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy and safety of three dosages of oral piracetam with placebo
    • Koskiniemi M., Vleymen B., Hakamies L., et al. Piracetam relieves symptoms in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a multicentre, randomized, double blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy and safety of three dosages of oral piracetam with placebo. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 64 (1998) 344-348
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.64 , pp. 344-348
    • Koskiniemi, M.1    Vleymen, B.2    Hakamies, L.3
  • 42
    • 0035017835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of piracetam in the treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy
    • Fedi M., Reutens D., Dubeau F., et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of piracetam in the treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Arch Neurol 58 (2001) 781-786
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 781-786
    • Fedi, M.1    Reutens, D.2    Dubeau, F.3
  • 43
    • 0035949743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot tolerability and efficacy study of levetiracetam in patients with chronic myoclonus
    • Frucht S.J., Louis E.D., Chuang C., et al. A pilot tolerability and efficacy study of levetiracetam in patients with chronic myoclonus. Neurology 57 (2001) 1112-1114
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1112-1114
    • Frucht, S.J.1    Louis, E.D.2    Chuang, C.3
  • 44
    • 0034489874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimyoclonic effect of levetiracetam
    • Genton P., and Gelisse P. Antimyoclonic effect of levetiracetam. Epileptic Disord 2 (2000) 209-212
    • (2000) Epileptic Disord , vol.2 , pp. 209-212
    • Genton, P.1    Gelisse, P.2
  • 45
    • 0024362084 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of severe action myoclonus
    • Obeso J.A., Artieda J., Rothwell J.C., et al. The treatment of severe action myoclonus. Brain 112 (1988) 765-777
    • (1988) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 765-777
    • Obeso, J.A.1    Artieda, J.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 46
    • 0031962476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zonisamide for progressive myoclonus epilepsy: long-term observations in seven patients
    • Kyllerman M., and Ben-Menachem E. Zonisamide for progressive myoclonus epilepsy: long-term observations in seven patients. Epilepsy Res 29 (1998) 109-114
    • (1998) Epilepsy Res , vol.29 , pp. 109-114
    • Kyllerman, M.1    Ben-Menachem, E.2
  • 47
    • 33645738757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single-blind, open-label trial of sodium oxybate for myoclonus and essential tremor
    • Frucht S.J., Houghton W.C., Bordelon Y., et al. A single-blind, open-label trial of sodium oxybate for myoclonus and essential tremor. Neurology 65 (2005) 1967-1970
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1967-1970
    • Frucht, S.J.1    Houghton, W.C.2    Bordelon, Y.3
  • 48
    • 0031983232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus and epilepsy in childhood: a review of treatment with valproate, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and zonisamide
    • Wallace S.J. Myoclonus and epilepsy in childhood: a review of treatment with valproate, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and zonisamide. Epilepsy Res 29 (1998) 147-154
    • (1998) Epilepsy Res , vol.29 , pp. 147-154
    • Wallace, S.J.1
  • 49
    • 0030162885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of lamotrigine in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
    • Buchanan N. The use of lamotrigine in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure 5 (1996) 149-151
    • (1996) Seizure , vol.5 , pp. 149-151
    • Buchanan, N.1
  • 50
    • 0034646460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous valproic acid for myoclonic status epilepticus
    • Sheth R.D., and Gidal B.E. Intravenous valproic acid for myoclonic status epilepticus. Neurology 54 (2000) 1201
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1201
    • Sheth, R.D.1    Gidal, B.E.2
  • 52
    • 0028798113 scopus 로고
    • The movement disorder of adult opsoclonus
    • Caviness J.N., Forsyth P.A., Layton D.D., et al. The movement disorder of adult opsoclonus. Mov Disord 10 (1995) 22-27
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 22-27
    • Caviness, J.N.1    Forsyth, P.A.2    Layton, D.D.3
  • 53
    • 0029879508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of opsoclonus-myoclonus with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin
    • Pless M., and Ronthal M. Treatment of opsoclonus-myoclonus with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Neurology 46 (1996) 583-584
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 583-584
    • Pless, M.1    Ronthal, M.2
  • 54
    • 0141566273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment for severe palatoclonus by occlusion of the eustachian tube
    • Ensink R.J.H., Vingerhoets H.M., Schmidt C.W., et al. Treatment for severe palatoclonus by occlusion of the eustachian tube. Otol Neurotol 24 (2003) 714-716
    • (2003) Otol Neurotol , vol.24 , pp. 714-716
    • Ensink, R.J.H.1    Vingerhoets, H.M.2    Schmidt, C.W.3
  • 55
    • 0031688270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin treatment of essential palatal myoclonus tinnitus
    • Bryce G.E., and Morrison M.D. Botulinum toxin treatment of essential palatal myoclonus tinnitus. J Otolaryngol 27 (1998) 213-216
    • (1998) J Otolaryngol , vol.27 , pp. 213-216
    • Bryce, G.E.1    Morrison, M.D.2
  • 56
    • 0032959382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulus-sensitive spinal segmental myoclonus improved with injections of botulinum toxin type A
    • Lagueny A., Tison G., Burbaud P., et al. Stimulus-sensitive spinal segmental myoclonus improved with injections of botulinum toxin type A. Mov Disord 14 (1999) 182-185
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 182-185
    • Lagueny, A.1    Tison, G.2    Burbaud, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.