A zoospore inhibition technique to evaluate the activity of antifungal compounds against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and unsuccessful treatment of experimentally infected green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) by fluconazole and benzalkonium chloride

Research in Veterinary Science

Volumn 87, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 106-110

  Berger, Lee ^a   Speare, Rick ^a   Marantelli, Gerry ^b   Skerratt, Lee F ^a  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b Amphibian Research Centre   (Australia)

Author keywords

Antifungal testing; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Chytridiomycosis; Litoria caerulea; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALKYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID; AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; ENILCONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; MALIC ACID; MERBROMIN; METHYLENE BLUE; PEROXYDISULFATE POTASSIUM; POVIDONE IODINE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRKON;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FROG; FUNGUS; LITORIA CAERULEA; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MORTALITY; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; SURVIVAL TIME; ZOOSPORE;

ANIMALS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; ANURA; BENZALKONIUM COMPOUNDS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA; FLUCONAZOLE; MYCOSES;

AMPHIBIA; ANIMALIA; ANURA; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS; HYLIDAE; LITORIA CAERULEA;

EID: 67349279309     PISSN: 00345288     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.11.005     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Ardipradja K. A Study of Resistance Towards the Emerging Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Four Species of Australian Frogs [Honours thesis] (2001), University of Melbourne, Melbourne
2. Berger, L., 2001. Diseases in Australian Frogs. James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (PhD thesis).
3. Berger L., Hyatt A., Olsen V., Boyle D., Hengstberger S., Marantelli G., Humphreys K., and Longcore J.E. Production of polyclonal antibodies to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and their use in an immunoperoxidase test for chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 48 (2002) 213-220
4. Berger L., Hyatt A., Speare R., and Longcore J.E. Lifecycle stages of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the amphibian chytrid. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68 (2005) 51-63
5. Berger L., Marantelli G., Skerratt L.F., and Speare R. Virulence of the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, varies with the strain. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68 (2005) 47-50
6. Berger, L., Speare, R., Daszak, P., Green, D.E., Cunningham, A.A., Goggin, C.L., Slocombe, R., Ragan, M.A., Hyatt, A.D., McDonald, K.R., Hines, H.B., Lips, K.R., Marantelli, G., Parkes, H., 1998. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95, pp. 9031-9036.
7. Bly J.E., Quiniou S.M.-A., Lawson L.A., and Clem L.W. Therapeutic and prophylactic measures for winter saprolegniasis in channel catfish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 24 (1996) 25-33
8. Fraser C.M. Merck Veterinary Manual. seventh ed. (1991), Merck and Co., New Jersey, USA
9. Groff J.M., Mughannam A., McDowell T.S., Wong A., Dykstra M.J., Frye F.L., and Hedrick R.P. An epizootic of cutaneous zygomycosis in cultured dwarf African clawed frogs (Hymenochirus curtipes) due to Basidiobolus ranarum. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 29 (1991) 215-223
10. Hulst, F., 1999. Amphibian care and medical management. In: Proceedings of Wildlife in Australia, Health Care and Management, Proc 327, Dubbo, Post-graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, pp. 121-146.
11. Johnson M., Berger L., Philips L., and Speare R. Fungicidal effects of chemical disinfectants, UV light, desiccation and heat on the amphibian chytrid, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57 (2003) 255-260
12. Lamirande E.W., and Nichols D.K. Effects of host age on susceptibility to cutaneous chytridiomycosis in blue-and-yellow poison dart frogs (Dendrobates tinctorius). In: McKinnell R.G., and Carlson D.L. (Eds). Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians (2002), Saint Paul, Minnesota 3-13
13. Longcore J.E., Pessier A.P., and Nichols D.K. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91 (1999) 219-227
14. Mahony M. Review of the declines and disappearances within the bell frog species group (Litoria aurea species group) in Australia. In: Campbell A. (Ed). Declines and Disappearances of Australian Frogs (1999), Environment Australia, Canberra 81-93
15. McInnes K. An Investigation into the Treatment of Chytrid Fungus in the Larval Stages of Australian Amphibians (1999), School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Melbourne Honours thesis
16. Mendelson J.R., Lips K.R., Gagliardo R.W., Rabb G.B., et al. Confronting amphibian declines and extinctions. Science 313 (2006) 48
17. Mycology Online, . accessed July 2000.
18. Parker J.M., Mikaelian I., Hahn N., and Diggs H.E. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of epidermal chytridiomycosis in African clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis). Comparative Medicine 52 (2002) 265-268
19. Retallick R.W.R., and Miera V. Strain differences in the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and non-permanent, sub-lethal effects of infection. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 75 (2007) 201-207
20. Rollins-Smith L.A., Carey C., Longcore J., Doersam J.K., Boutte A., Bruzgal J.E., and Conlon J.M. Activity of antimicrobial skin peptides from ranid frogs against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the chytrid fungus associated with global amphibian declines. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 26 (2002) 471-479
21. Skerratt L.F., Berger L., Speare R., Cashins S., McDonald K., Phillott A., Hines H., and Kenyon N. The spread of chytridiomycosis has caused the rapid global decline and extinction of frogs. EcoHealth 4 (2007) 125-134
22. Taylor S.K., Williams E.S., Thorne E.T., Mills K.W., Withers D.I., and Pier A.C. Causes of mortality of the Wyoming toad. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35 (1999) 49-58
23. Webb R., Mendez D., Berger L., and Speare R. Additional disinfectants for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 74 (2007) 13-16
24. White A.W. A trial using salt to protect green and golden bell frogs from chytrid infection. Herpetofauna 36 (2006) 93-96
25. Woodhams D.C., Alford R.A., and Marantelli G. Emerging disease cured by elevated body temperature. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 55 (2003) 65-67
26. Wright K.M., and Whitaker B.R. Pharmacotherapeutics. In: Wright K.M., and Whitaker B.R. (Eds). Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry (2001), Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Florida 309-334